Comparative evaluation of botulinum toxin versus iontophoresis with topical aluminium chloride hexahydrate in treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis

Background

Hyperhidrosis is generalised or focal excessive sweating and carries a substantial psychological and social burden. This study compares botulinum toxin versus iontophoresis with topical aluminium chloride hexahydrate in palmar hyperhidrosis.

Methods

The study included 60 cases of palmar hyperhidrosis randomly allocated to 2 groups. One group was given botulinum toxin type A 100 units per palm and the other group subjected to digital iontophoresis with topical application of aluminium chloride hexahydrate lotion for 4 weeks. They were assessed 4 weeks later and those without improvement were crossed over to the other arm for another 4 weeks. Those with improvement were followed up in the same arm for 6 months.

Results

Botulinum therapy showed significant improvement in the initial (80%) as well as cross over cases (75%) as compared to iontophoresis and aluminium chloride (47%) for initial cases and (17%) for cross over cases.

Conclusion

Better improvements were seen with botulinum therapy than with iontophoresis and topical therapy. Residual effects of relief lasted on an average for 4 months for botulinum toxin whereas it was one month with iontophoresis and topical therapy. Advantage with iontophoresis and topical therapy was that it was non invasive and did not require regional anaesthesia as with botulinum therapy.     

Comparative evaluation of botulinum toxin versus iontophoresis with topical aluminium chloride hexahydrate in treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis

Background

Hyperhidrosis is generalised or focal excessive sweating and carries a substantial psychological and social burden. This study compares botulinum toxin versus iontophoresis with topical aluminium chloride hexahydrate in palmar hyperhidrosis.

Methods

The study included 60 cases of palmar hyperhidrosis randomly allocated to 2 groups. One group was given botulinum toxin type A 100 units per palm and the other group subjected to digital iontophoresis with topical application of aluminium chloride hexahydrate lotion for 4 weeks. They were assessed 4 weeks later and those without improvement were crossed over to the other arm for another 4 weeks. Those with improvement were followed up in the same arm for 6 months.

Results

Botulinum therapy showed significant improvement in the initial (80%) as well as cross over cases (75%) as compared to iontophoresis and aluminium chloride (47%) for initial cases and (17%) for cross over cases.

Conclusion

Better improvements were seen with botulinum therapy than with iontophoresis and topical therapy. Residual effects of relief lasted on an average for 4 months for botulinum toxin whereas it was one month with iontophoresis and topical therapy. Advantage with iontophoresis and topical therapy was that it was non invasive and did not require regional anaesthesia as with botulinum therapy.     

A型肉毒毒素对眼睑痉挛疗效观察

目的 :探讨A型肉毒毒素治疗眼睑痉挛的疗效。方法 :对 84例眼睑痉挛的病人进行A型肉毒毒素治疗 ,眼睑部位多点注射 ,每点注射 2 5u。结果 :治疗前与治疗后比较 84例病人总有效率为 10 0 % ,经 χ2检验P <0 0 0 1,差异显著 ,证明A型肉毒毒素有明显的疗效。结论 :A型肉毒毒素局部注射是治疗眼睑痉挛的一种安全、可靠、有效、无副反应、简便的方法。     

副神经血管减压、肌肉切断和肉毒素治疗痉挛性斜颈的比较

目的 研究神经血管减压、肌肉切断和肉毒素治疗痉挛性斜颈(ST)的差别.探讨ST的真正发病原因、寻找治疗ST的有效方法 .方法 选择9例经过其他方法 治疗无效而且不愿意行肌肉切断的ST患者,经过临床、神经影像学和神经电生理检查后行副神经血管减压术.把神经血管减压治疗ST的结果 与采用肌肉切断方法 治疗的13例患者、采用肉毒素治疗的22例患者结果 进行比较.结果 22例应用肉毒素和其他药物治疗的患者在初期症状会有所缓解,但是数月后又逐渐加重,无一例能够治愈.13例患者接受1～2次、一侧或双侧痉挛性肌肉切断术,4例痉挛症状在术后得到明显改善,9例患者改善较少.肌肉切断后的患者均有不同程度的颈部运动功能障碍.9例患者选择行神经血管减压,术中发现都有严重的血管压迫.5例在神经血管减压后的2～14 d症状得到明显改善,术后3、6个月复查时疗效稳定,都恢复了正常的工作和生活;4例在神经血管减压后的早期症状有部分改善,在3个月时症状得到进一步的改善,至6个月时疗效稳定都恢复了正常的工作和生活.神经血管减压术无病死率,无脑脊液漏、感染、脑挫伤、出血和神经损伤等并发症.结论 血管压迫副神经可能是引起ST的重要原因之一,行副神经血管减压对一些ST确有疗效.但是要判断哪些患者是神经血管减压的适应证却非常困难.因此严格筛选和掌握手术指征、建立手术前后客观评价疗效标准和筛选方法 非常重要.     

Axillary hyperhidrosis - topical treatment with aluminium chloride hexahydrate

Forty-two patients with axillary hyperhidrosis on the waiting list for surgery were treated with topical saturated solution of aluminium chloride hexahydrate in absolute alcohol. There have been 7 failures. Three patients were unable to cope with the treatment and 4 more experienced severe local irritation or soreness; these 4 were submitted to local surgery. This is a simple and effective treatment for the majority of cases of severe axillary sweating.     

Axillary hyperhidrosis - topical treatment with aluminium chloride hexahydrate

Forty-two patients with axillary hyperhidrosis on the waiting list for surgery were treated with topical saturated solution of aluminium chloride hexahydrate in absolute alcohol. There have been 7 failures. Three patients were unable to cope with the treatment and 4 more experienced severe local irritation or soreness; these 4 were submitted to local surgery. This is a simple and effective treatment for the majority of cases of severe axillary sweating.     

Progress in the understanding and treatment of chronic anal fissure

BACKGROUND—Chronic anal fissure is a common and painful condition associated with internal anal sphincter hypertonia. Reduction of this hypertonia improves the local blood supply, encouraging fissure healing. Surgical sphincterotomy is very successful at healing these fissures but requires an operation with associated morbidity. Temporary reduction in sphincter tone can be achieved on an outpatient basis by applying a topical nitric oxide donor (for example, glyceryl trinitrate) or injecting botulinum toxin into the anal sphincter.
METHODS—A Medline database was used to perform a literature search for articles relating to the non-surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure.
RESULTS—Review of the literature shows botulinum toxin injection to be more effective at healing chronic anal fissures than topical glyceryl trinitrate. Topical isosorbide dinitrate has not been directly compared with either of these two agents but has a healing rate approaching that of botulinum toxin injection. The main side effect of botulinum toxin injection is temporary faecal incontinence in approximately 2% of cases, whereas topical nitrates cause headaches in 20%-100% of cases. No long term side effects were identified with any of the medical treatments.
CONCLUSION—Chemical sphincterotomy is an effective treatment for chronic anal fissure and has the advantages over surgical treatment of avoiding long term complications (notably incontinence) and not requiring hospitalisation.


     

A型肉毒素联合疗法治疗瘢痕疙瘩临床疗效和不良反应评价

目的：比较A型肉毒素联合得宝松局部注射及透明质酸外用与单纯得宝松局部注射及透明质酸外用对瘢痕疙瘩的疗效及不良反应。方法：选取瘢痕疙瘩患者58例,分为A型肉毒素联合得宝松（复方倍他米松注射液）局部注射及透明质酸外用组（联合治疗组）28例和单纯得宝松局部注射及透明质酸外用组（对照组）30例。2组患者均局部注射得宝松,每4 周1次,连续3 次,每日外用透明质酸。联合治疗组患者在第1次得宝松注射后皮损周边注射1次A型肉毒素。收集入组病例每次治疗前后参数数据、不良反应观察指标和每次治疗前后临床照片,并进行对比分析。结果：与对照组比较,3次治疗后联合治疗组患者皮损外观改善更好。对照组患者在治疗1个月时痛痒感的视觉模拟评分（VAS）下降,但在2和3个月时又逐渐上升;联合治疗组患者在治疗3个月内VAS 值逐渐下降,与对照组比较在2和3个月时VAS值差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗3个月内,联合治疗组患者皮损厚度逐渐下降,而对照组降低幅度不明显;治疗3个月时,联合治疗组患者疗效明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。对照组患者痛痒症状及皮损厚度在每次注射2周后出现反跳,而联合治疗组无反跳。对照组患者不良反应发生率为 26.7%,联合治疗组患者不良反应发生率为 25.0%,2组各项不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：A型肉毒素联合得宝松局部注射及透明质酸外用治疗瘢痕疙瘩与单纯得宝松局部注射及透明质酸外用相比疗效更好,不良反应发生率无明显差异,值得临床上推广应用。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的临床观察

目的观察A型肉毒毒素治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的临床疗效和不良反应。方法重度带状疱疹后神经痛患者29例,应用A型肉毒毒素进行皮内注射治疗,问卷调查记录每例带状疱疹后神经痛患者治疗前、治疗后1,2,4,8周带状疱疹后神经痛疼痛严重程度,观察不良反应。结果A型肉毒毒素治疗后1周,带状疱疹后神经痛疼痛严重程度均较治疗前明显下降（P〈0.01）,疗效可至少维持8周,且不良反应轻微、短暂。结论A型肉毒毒素皮内注射治疗带状疱疹后神经痛临床疗效显著,不良反应轻微、短暂,值得临床研究。     

儿童多汗症的诊断及治疗进展

多汗症是指超过体温调节及环境因素影响的体表过多分泌汗液.根据机体本身是否存在原发疾病可分为原发性多汗症与继发性多汗症,根据出汗部位可分为全身性多汗和局灶性多汗.儿童期多见原发性局灶性多汗,主要表现为腋窝、手掌、足底、头面部等部位不明原因的大量出汗,许多儿童因为出汗过多而羞于与人交往,影响日常的生活和学习.目前对于多汗症的治疗国内以中医疗法较为多见,此外还有抗胆碱能药物、止汗剂、肉毒杆菌注射、手术等西医疗法.     

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE B IN MOVEMENT DISORDERS AND AUTONOMIC SYMPTOMS

B OTULINUM toxintypeA (BTX-A ) has been suc- cessfullyusedinthetreatmentofabnormal muscle contractionsand otherclinicalindications.Howev-er,some patientsreceivingrepeatedBTX-A injectionsloseresponsedue toimmunoresistance.1Botulinum toxintypeB(BTX-B ) isantigenicallydistinctfrom BTX-A , thusservingan importanttherapeuticalternativeforpatientswho becomeBTX-A resistant.Data from double-blinded,randomized,pl-acebo-controlledtrialsdemonstratedtheefficacyand safetyofBTX-B inpatientswit…     

半侧面肌痉挛的诊断和治疗

目的　观察半侧面肌痉挛患者的临床表现和肉毒毒素对半侧面肌痉挛的治疗效果。方法　对近 3年来神经内科门诊诊断的面肌痉挛病人 2 90例进行回顾性研究 ,使用 Cohen's量表对治疗效果进行评估。结果　治疗后起效时间是 5 .4± 7.8天 ,效果持续 18.4± 6 .1周。治疗后完全缓解率达 83.8% ,明显缓解率达 15 .2 %。 30 %的患者有副作用 ,主要是面肌、眼睑无力 ,眼睑下垂 ,流泪和眼干及复视 ,但这是暂时的、可逆的 ,2周内基本消失。结论　 A型肉毒毒素治疗方法简便、易行 ,是治疗面肌痉挛的首选药物     

Effectiveness of botulinum toxin A in treatment of refractory erythromelalgia

Erythromelalgia is characterized by intense burning pain, erythema, and heat in affected areas after precipitating factors such as warm temperature or stress. It is refractory to treatment in some situations. We describe a woman with adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the lung and medically refractory erythromelalgia. The symptoms of erythromelalgia presented as refractory to any medical treatment. Due to the unresponsive nature of her condition, botulinum toxin type A (onabotulinumtoxin A) was injected over both of her cheeks, periodically for six cycles. Her symptoms responded dramatically to subcutaneous and intradermal injection of botulinum toxin type A. Repetitive injection demonstrated consistent and reproducible responses, and the efficacy was maintained for approximately 1 month. No adverse effects or complications were noted. Botulinum toxin type A might be safe and effective as an alternative treatment for refractory erythromelalgia, but further large-scale studies are required.     

双重引导下注射A型肉毒毒素治疗脑卒中肌肉痉挛

目的:观察神经损伤诊断治疗系统定位联合超声引导下注射A型肉毒毒素治疗脑卒中肌肉痉挛的临床疗效。方法:将我院2008年1月至2010年1月间收治的105例脑中卒痉挛患者随机分为对照组(n=50)和观察组(n=55),对照组患者采取常规康复治疗,观察组在此基础上采取神经损伤诊断治疗系统定位联合超声引导下注射A型肉毒毒素治疗,分析比较两组疗效。结果:两组患者在治疗1月后FMA、BBS和FIM明显改善,观察组在治疗后3、6个月的CSI、FMA、BBS及FIM评分改善情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:神经损伤诊断治疗系统定位联合超声引导下注射A型肉毒毒素治疗脑卒中肌肉痉挛效果显著,患者身体机能恢复快,值得临床推广。     

腋臭粉联合A型肉毒毒素治疗低龄腋臭的疗效观察

目的 研究自制腋臭粉联合局部注射A型肉毒毒素治疗低龄腋臭患者疗效及安全性。方法 2014年8月到2016年12月因腋臭在我科门诊就诊的低龄腋臭患者共计115例,分为两组：自制腋臭粉联合A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗（治疗组）64例和单用A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗（对照组）51例。两组于治疗后2个月、6个月、12个月分别进行随访。观察两组治疗疗效及并发症。结果 治疗后2个月、6个月、12个月总有效率治疗组分别为98.4%、89.1%、51.6%,对照组有效率分别为98.0%、78.4%、17.6%,治疗后2个月两组比较差异无统计学意义（p&gt;0.05）,治疗后6个月、12个月治疗组有效率明显高于对照组,差异有显著性（P&lt;0.05）。结论 腋臭粉联合A型肉毒毒素局部注射可作为暂不宜行手术的低龄腋臭患者的一种有效治疗方法,安全性好、疗效佳,值得临床推广。     

Focal hyperhidrosis: diagnosis and management

HYPERHIDROSIS, A CONDITION CHARACTERIZED by excessive sweating, can be generalized or focal. Generalized hyperhidrosis involves the entire body and is usually part of an underlying condition, most often an infectious, endocrine or neurologic disorder. Focal hyperhidrosis is idiopathic, occurring in otherwise healthy people. It affects 1 or more body areas, most often the palms, armpits, soles or face. Almost 3% of the general population, largely people aged between 25 and 64 years, experience hyperhidrosis. The condition carries a substantial psychological and social burden, since it interferes with daily activities. However, patients rarely seek a physician's help because many are unaware that they have a treatable medical disorder. Early detection and management of hyperhidrosis can significantly improve a patient's quality of life. There are various topical, systemic, surgical and nonsurgical treatments available with efficacy rates greater than 90%–95%.     

Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis and Raynaud's phenomenon of the upper limb and excessive facial blushing: a five year experience

Primary hyperhidrosis of the palms, face, and axillae has a strong negative impact on social and professional life. A retrospective analysis of 40 laparoscopic transaxillary thoracic sympathectomies performed in a district general hospital over a five year period was undertaken in order to determine the effectiveness of this procedure. A postal questionnaire was sent to all patients to assess the benefit from the operation; postoperative pain and time off work were collated. Immediate failure was noted in three patients, of whom two later underwent successful reoperation. Recurrence was noted in three patients (8%). Though immediate complications were minimal, the major long term postoperative morbidity was compensatory hyperhidrosis on the back, chest, and thigh (77%) along with gustatory sweating over the face (22%). Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive surgical treatment for hyperhidrosis, Raynaud's phenomenon of the upper limb, and excessive facial blushing; however, the chance of long term compensatory hyperhidrosis is high.     

Prospective evaluation of the efficacy of dermal botulinium toxin for primary axillary hyperhidrosis

Background  

Primary axillary hyperhidrosis (PAH) is an embarassing, socially disabling condition, most commonly seen in young people. Previous treatments for this condition have included sympathectomy or axillary skin excision. Recently botulinum toxin has been used to provide effective, non-invasive treatment for this condition.     

A型肉毒杆菌毒素治疗特发性睑痉挛和半侧面肌痉挛

观察A型肉毒杆菌毒素局部注射治疗特发性睑痉挛和侧面肌痉挛的效果。结果：特发性睑痉挛42例和半侧面肌痉挛24例经肉毒杆菌毒素局部注射治疗后，症状得到迅速缓解，随访中未发现全身性不良反应，局部副作用轻微。结论：A型肉毒杆菌毒素注射治疗特发性睑痉挛和半侧面肌痉挛方法简单，可暂时有效地解除或缓解症状，可使大多数病例免予手术治疗。     

Chemical sphincterotomy--first line of treatment for chronic anal fissure

Anal fissure is a common disorder which may cause symptoms at any age. Internal anal sphincterotomy is the gold standard surgical treatment which lowers the resting anal pressure and effectively heals the majority of fissures. However the post operative period may be marked by surgical risks, complications and late incidence of incontinence that is some times permanent. These complications has led to a search for alternative therapies for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Chemical sphincterotomy has been tried using a variety of novel agents including topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine or diltiazem and botulinum toxin. Some of these agents were found to be effective in healing chronic anal fissure with negligible side effects and are now considered as first line treatment for chronic anal fissure.