2011-2012年武汉市口口区食品中二氧化硫残留量分析

目的对7类食品中二氧化硫残留进行检测,为食品安全监管部门提供执行依据。方法样品采集于武汉市口口区主要的大型超市和农贸市场,按照GB／T5009．34-2003（（食品中亚硫酸盐的测定》第一法盐酸副玫瑰苯胺法执行。结果7类食品检测的二氧化硫含量在0．0～8．94研嚷之间,检出率在在24．7％～97.3％之间,合格率在41．3％～95．5％之间。干菜合格率最低,只有41．3％,其次是竹笋、银耳、腐竹,酱腌菜、粉丝粉条和莲子污染情况好于前四类食品。大型超市和农贸市场食品中二氧化硫残留量合格率有明显的差异,大型超市食品中二氧化硫残留合格率高,农贸市场食品中二氧化硫残留合格率低。结论监测的七类食品中二氧化硫残留的食品安全问题不容乐观,应当引起有关执法部门重视,需要加大监管力度。     

2011-2012年武汉市硚口区食品中二氧化硫残留量分析

目的对7类食品中二氧化硫残留进行检测,为食品安全监管部门提供执行依据。方法样品采集于武汉市硚口区主要的大型超市和农贸市场,按照GB/T5009.34-2003《食品中亚硫酸盐的测定》第一法盐酸副玫瑰苯胺法执行。结果 7类食品检测的二氧化硫含量在0.0~8.94 g/kg之间,检出率在在24.7%~97.3%之间,合格率在41.3%~95.5%之间。干菜合格率最低,只有41.3%,其次是竹笋、银耳、腐竹,酱腌菜、粉丝粉条和莲子污染情况好于前四类食品。大型超市和农贸市场食品中二氧化硫残留量合格率有明显的差异,大型超市食品中二氧化硫残留合格率高,农贸市场食品中二氧化硫残留合格率低。结论监测的七类食品中二氧化硫残留的食品安全问题不容乐观,应当引起有关执法部门重视,需要加大监管力度。     

2006-2009年厦门市部分食品中二氧化硫残留量分析

目的:了解厦门市部分食品中二氧化硫残留情况,为卫生行政部门加强食品安全监督提供依据。方法:2006-2009年对厦门市流通市场上的七类食品按照GB/T5009.34-2003方法检测二氧化硫残留量。结果:296份样品中,符合国家卫生标准279份,合格率94.3%,七类食品的合格率从高到低依次为葡萄酒类糖果类酱腌菜瓜子类粉丝类蜜饯类干菜类;并且合格率逐年提高。结论:应加强对干菜类和蜜饯类食品的监督监测力度,保证消费者的身体健康。     

食品中残留二氧化硫检测结果分析

目的:对市场抽检的6类食品166件进行亚硫酸盐检测,了解食品中二氧化硫,以指导监督。方法:采取市场随机抽样方法,采用GB/T5009.34-2003蒸馏法进行检测。结果:183份样品中,检出二氧化硫182份,检出率占样品总数的99.5%。二氧化硫超出国家限量标准166份,按GB2760-1996食品添加剂使用卫生标准判断,合格率仅为9.3%。结论:部分食品中存在严重的二氧化硫残留。     

温岭市食品监测理化指标结果分析

目的了解温岭市食品中化学污染物与有害因素监测污染状况及趋势,为监管部门进行食品安全风险评价和及时发布风险提示提供科学依据。方法统计2014年-2017年温岭市食品理化指标监测数据,按照GB 2760—2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》、GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》、GB 2763—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》对监测结果进行评价分析。结果共检测食品样品682份,合格样品677份,总合格率为99.27%;检测的31类食品44项理化指标中,不合格项目为铝、二氧化硫,二氧化硫样品合格率为99.05%,含铝食品添加剂样品合格率为94.44%。结论温岭市的食品样品理化指标合格率虽高,但仍存在着不合格指标铝、二氧化硫。相关部门还需加强监管力度,采用针对性的预防控制措施,让群众食用到真正安全的食品。     

2005年杭州市各类食品亚硫酸盐含量的检测与分析

目的：测定食品中二氧化硫含量，以了解其亚硫酸盐超标情况。方法：采集2005年杭州市各农贸市场或超市中4种面食类、8种干菜或干果类、2种膳用中药材和4种水发产品共77件样品，采用盐酸副玫瑰苯胺亚硫酸盐法对样品中二氧化硫含量进行了测定和分析。结果：77件样品中，二氧化硫总超标率为23．4％。面食类食品中年糕和粉丝中二氧化硫超标率分别为23．8％和7．7％，干菜或干果类食品中无核红枣、黄花菜和腐竹中二氧化硫超标率分别为100％、66．7％和50％，膳用中药材二氧化硫含量均超标，水发产品二氧化硫含量均合格。结论：应特别加强对药膳用中药材及部分二氧化硫超标食品的监控力度，以确保消费者能购买到卫生、安全的合格食品。     

蚌埠市2010～2011年食品化学性污染物及有害因素调查评估

目的了解蚌埠市食品化学性污染物及有害因素的状况。方法在蚌埠市区及固镇县湖沟镇建立食品化学性污染物及有害因素定点监测网点,采用随机抽样原则,采集15类食品,对重金属、黄曲霉毒素M1、农药残留、食品添加剂、二氧化硫、亚硝酸盐等化学污染物检测。结果2010—2011年共监测15类食品共计602件,食品中铅、镉、汞合格率分别为100．00％、96．65％、95．83％,猪肾中镉含量较高,均值0．76mg／kg;蔬菜食用菌有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯检出率分别为13．33％、1．66％、100．00％,无超标样品;乳及乳制品黄曲霉毒素M1均低于检测下限;炒货中的糖精钠、蜜饯中的甜蜜素、酱腌制蔬菜中的苯甲酸超标率分别为20．00％、70．00％、50．00％;面制品铝超标率55．50％;白瓜子二氧化硫残留100．00％检出,80．oo％超标。结论蚌埠市食品中重金属、农药残留和黄曲霉毒素M1污染较轻,炒货、蜜饯、酱腌制蔬菜食品添加剂滥用严重,铝膨松剂超标使用,白瓜子漂白致使二氧化硫残留超标。提示有关部门应加大食品监管力度和技术指导,重点加强炒货、蜜饯、酱腌制蔬菜和面制品中的食品添加剂以及白瓜子二氧化硫残留的监测工作。     

绵阳市部分食品中二氧化硫残留量监测结果

目的了解绵阳市部分食品中二氧化硫残留情况。方法从绵阳城区及所辖的江油市、北川县、梓潼县、三台县、盐亭县的大型超市、农贸市场等不同地点采集食品样品,按照GB/T 5009.34-2003方法进行检测。结果共抽检食品样品132份,103份合格,合格率为78.03%;29份不合格,不合格率为21.97%。119份样品中检出二氧化硫,检出率为90.15%。结论绵阳市部分市售食品中二氧化硫检出率高,合格率偏低,相关部门应采取相应措施,加强宣传教育,加大监管与监测力度,以保护消费者的身体健康。     

重大军事行动中食品原料二氧化硫残留快检结果分析

目的分析重大军事行动中食品原料二氧化硫残留快检结果,为部队大规模集结条件下的食品安全保障提供参考。方法查阅2009-2016年先后17次参加重大军事行动现场保障时的食品原料检测报告,系统分析利用"二氧化硫速测管"检测的食品原料二氧化硫残留情况。结果 9类食品原料的3848份样本中,总的二氧化硫残留超标率为14.99%,其中"干制蔬菜"超标率最高(30.19%),各类样本之间的超标率具有显著差异;不同年份间食品原料二氧化硫残留超标率差异显著,其中2010年的超标率最高(22.89%);散装食品二氧化硫残留超标率(32.62%)显著高于定型包装食品(6.70%)。结论在重大军事行动的食品安全保障中,需重点加强对食品原料二氧化硫残留的检测;并切实落实严格选择及监管食品原料供应商、加强食品原料检测、做好食品卫生知识培训、强化监督指导力度、密切军地协同等重点环节,确保任务官兵食品卫生安全。     

2004～2006年广东省部分食品中残留二氧化硫的快速检测结果分析

目的：了解广东省食品漂白剂如亚硫酸钠等添加到食品中后二氧化硫残留量的情况。方法：采用快速蒸馏碘量滴定法来测定检品中的SO2残留量。结果：食品中二氧化硫残留检出率占样品总数的62％，超标率占样品总数的25％。结论：所检测食品中二氧化硫残留超标最严重的是凉果，其次是葡萄酒；在部分干辣椒、茶叶和姜中检测到二氧化硫残留。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.