黑发液毒理学研究

作者在小白鼠、豚鼠、家兔动物身上实验黑发液:急性、亚急性皮肤刺激试验、亚急性毒性实验、LD_(50)测定、过敏性实验和对家兔毛细血管通透性实验,证明LD_(50)为470.8mL/kg±39.4ml,无皮肤刺激性、无毒性、不致敏,有增强血管通透性作用,经皮肤可吸收且具有明显促进毛发生长作用.     

花边莲提取液对人肺癌SPC-A-1细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨花边莲提取液对人肺癌SPC-A-1细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.方法 采用体外培养,细胞毒（MTT法）实验、荧光显微镜观察细胞形态变化、DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳测定DNA ladder及流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率和细胞周期变化.结果 花边莲提取液能够抑制SPC-A-1细胞增殖,且呈剂量依赖性;观察到凋亡细胞典型的形态和生化特征,花边莲提取液作用48 h,SPC-A-1细胞均呈现凋亡细胞所特有的亚二倍体峰（sub-G1）,凋亡率随药物浓度增加而增高,并使细胞生长停滞在S期,从而阻滞细胞周期的进行.结论 花边莲提取液对SPC-A-1细胞具有增殖抑制作用,并可诱导SPC-A-1细胞凋亡,其机制可能与细胞周期的S期阻滞有关.     

花边莲提取液对人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察花边莲（HBL）提取液对人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡和增殖的影响。方法采用细胞增殖抑制试验（MTT法）、荧光显微镜观察及流式细胞仪检测等方法观察了SGC-7901细胞的形态变化、细胞凋亡率及细胞周期变化。结果HBL对人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用，且呈剂量依赖性；在形态上具有凋亡细胞的形态特征；与对照组比较，HBL处理48h后，各组胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞均出现亚二倍体峰（Sub-G1），细胞凋亡率与HBL呈剂量依赖性，并使细胞阻滞于S期。结论HBL可诱导胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡、对SGC-7901细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用，其机制可能与细胞阻滞于S期有关。     

正常生育者与不育者精液、血清、头发中锌、铜、铁含量的测定及其意义的探讨

本文测试了53例正常生育男子与92例不育男子的精液、血清、头发中锌、铜、铁的含量,发现不育男子的精锌低于正常生育者,发锌与男子生育或不育无相关性,根据精液无精子的患者其精锌值不低于正常生育者的测试结果,提出精子密度与精锌值无相关性,并提出精液液化差与液化不全或前列腺炎症常是促使精锌降低的原因等看法。不育男子的精液、血清、头发中铜、铁的含量均高于正常生育者应予以重视。     

湖南省不同民族地区小儿营养性贫血的多因素分析

在年龄、性别、调查季节、检查项目和检测方法诸因素的等同条件下，对不同民族小儿营养性贫血的影响因素进行多因素进步回归分析。发现居海拨１８００～２２５０ｍ中高原地区的瑶、壮族小儿出生体重、检查体重、大高等均低于居海拔５０ｍ平原地区的汉族小儿，而各年龄组的血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）均值却高于汉族（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示营养性贫血的主要诊断指标Ｈｂ值在不同民族间存在差异，可能与不同民族间的生活习惯和膳食结构不同有关。     

上颌前牙宽度、前牙弓周长与前牙弓深度的相关性研究

目的:分析上颌前牙近远中宽度在上颌前牙弓周长中所占的比例关系,分析上颌前牙弓宽度不变时,前牙近远中宽度以及前牙弓周长随前牙弓深度改变而变化的规律,为前牙数字化、个性化美学分析提供可靠依据。方法:在北京大学口腔医院修复科完成修复的寄存模型中选择上颌前牙牙列完整且排列整齐的模型61副,其中男性模型22副,女性模型39副。使用单反相机固定放大比例从牙合面拍摄模型,利用Photoshop软件测量照片中前牙近远中宽度、前牙弓宽度、前牙弓深度,计算上颌前牙近远中宽度在上颌前牙弓周长中所占的比例。利用Photoshop图层自由变换功能在保持上颌前牙弓宽度不变的情况下,改变上颌前牙弓深度,测量不同凸度下上颌前牙弓的周长,按照原有各个前牙在前牙弓周长中所占的比例计算出不同凸度下各上颌前牙牙冠近远中宽度。用SPSS 23.0统计软件分析上颌前牙近远中宽度在上颌前牙弓周长中所占的比例关系,以及改变上颌前牙弓深度后上颌前牙近远中宽度的变化规律。结果:上颌中切牙、侧切牙、尖牙在上颌前牙弓一半周长所占比例分别为36.2%±1.3%、30.2%±1.5%、33.6%±1.4%,各比例为正态分布,与上颌前牙弓周长不相关。当上颌前牙弓宽度不变,在5 mm范围内,上颌前牙近远中宽度及前牙弓周长变化与前牙弓深度变化呈正相关,前牙弓深度每增加或减少1 mm,中切牙近远中宽度增加或减少约0.18 mm,半侧前牙弓周长增加或减少约0.50 mm。结论:上颌前牙近远中宽度在上颌前牙弓周长中所占比例保持稳定,在一定范围内,当上颌前牙弓宽度不变时,上颌前牙近远中宽度及上颌前牙弓周长与前牙弓深度呈正相关。     

小儿内脏器官的形态学研究(六)——新生儿肾的形态学观察

观测30例(男18、女12)新生儿肾的位置、毗邻及其形态。主要结果:1.左肾位于腹后壁T_(11-12)～L_4上部之间,右肾位于腹后壁T_(12)上部～L_4中部之间,共长轴与脊柱平行。2.第12肋斜过两肾的上1/3部:左侧占63.33±8.80％,右侧占53.33±9.11％。3.新生儿肾为豆形,表面分叶明显,左肾大于右肾。4.肾门的形态分六型,肾唇的形态分五型。5.肾盂的形态分三型。本文对肾的毗邻、度量、肾门的内容排列、肾大、小盏的数目及肾皮质的厚度,肾柱的高度等进行了观测。     

1例复杂染色体易位伴男性不育患者的家系核型分析及文献复习

染色体复杂易位是累及3条以上染色体,有3个以上断裂点的染色体结构异常,这种异常非常罕见。染色体畸变携带者一般个体表型正常,但是在减数分裂时发生平衡易位的染色体及其同源染色体发生联会交换,生成配子时发生遗传物质变化,这类配子受精后形成的胚胎遗传物质严重不平衡,往往表现出不育、不孕、流产、死胎或者胎儿畸形等不良后果的发生,本文就1例复杂染色体易位伴男性不育患者进行病例分析。     

交联葡聚糖凝胶微珠的制备——Ⅰ.微珠表面形态的影响因素与控制

葡聚糖凝胶微珠表面形态存在粒子凝集和表面粗糙两种不良情况。粒子凝集的原因是分散剂聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)在碱性条件下水解导致亲水性增强,以及交联反应的中间产物具有絮凝作用。另外,交联后粒子粘度增大也可导致凝集。葡聚糖微珠表面粗糙是由于后处理时PVAc的微小附着物没有从微珠表面完全除去而造成的。作者采取低温分散、交联,分步加入交联剂和调节搅拌速度等控制手段,有效地解决了上述问题。     

星形细胞瘤核仁组成区嗜银蛋白图像分析及其在预后判断中的意义

采用图像分析技术对３６例有随访资料的星形细胞肿瘤瘤细胞和血管内皮细胞核仁组成区嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲｓ）颗粒进行定性、定量研究发现，随肿瘤级别增高ＡｇＮＯＲｓ平均数目（ＭＧ）显著增多，颗粒总面积（ＡＴ）增大；颗粒平均面积（ＡＭ）变化不显著，但均小于正常组。４倍体（４Ｃ）以上的肿瘤ＭＧ高于４Ｃ以下者。肿瘤组内皮细胞ＭＧ显著高于非肿瘤组。各参数间也呈显著相关性，ＭＧ与ＤＮＡ含量、ＡＴ与核面积均呈正相关，ＡＭ与ＭＧ呈负相关。ＭＧ对患者病程有显著影响，ＭＧ＜２者一般为良性，ＭＧ＞２者一般为恶性。不同预后的患者ＭＧ均值间亦有显著差异。预后与ＡＭ也有关，ＡＭ越小，术后病程越短。结果表明，采用图像分析技术对ＡｇＮＯＲｓ测定能较客观地反映星形细胞瘤增殖活性和分化程度，并有助于判断预后。文中还对ＡｇＮＯＲｓ数目增多的机制进行了讨论     

高原低氧环境家兔睾丸间质细胞的电镜观察

本文应用电镜技术研究了家兔移饲高原四周后睾丸间质细胞的超微结构。观察结果发现,间质细胞内滑面内质网极大丰富,局部略有扩张。线粒体稍有肿胀,嵴间距增宽,嵴断裂、稀少。线粒体基质电子密度低。高尔基复合体增多。有的间质细胞正处于分泌过程中,还可见间质细胞核膜局部增厚,核膜间隙增宽。常见有脂褐素颗粒。     

补骨合剂对全反式维甲酸诱导的骨髓基质细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的:应用体外培养骨髓基质细胞,在细胞和分子水平观察补骨合剂对细胞凋亡的影响,探讨补骨合剂治疗骨质疏松症的机制.方法:分离SD大鼠骨髓基质细胞,通过形态学方法和流式细胞术检测凋亡细胞周期和线粒体膜电位改变以及Bcl 2、Bax蛋白基因表达,对补骨合剂在细胞凋亡过程中的作用进行评价.结果:补骨合剂的早期应用可以使阻滞于G0/G1期的细胞减少,进入S期进行DNA合成的细胞增多;诱导凋亡的细胞在补骨合剂组Bcl 2表达明显高于全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoic acid,ATRA)诱导组,而Bax表达明显低于ATRA诱导组,且补骨合剂组线粒体的膜电位下降均显著低于ATRA诱导组.结论:补骨合剂治疗骨质疏松症的机制是补骨合剂的早期应用可以使ATRA诱导的凋亡细胞减少,从而促进细胞有丝分裂,抑制细胞凋亡;对骨髓基质细胞线粒体膜上的Bcl-2具有保护作用,同时通过阻止Bax从胞浆中移至线粒体膜上而使Bcl-2在与Bax形成的同源二聚体中占据优势来阻止线粒体膜上的通透性转换孔道开放,从而阻止线粒体释放凋亡诱导因子造成的线粒体膜电位改变和生物合成的破坏,达到抑制凋亡的目的.     

Pathological and biochemical alterations of astrocytes in ovariectomized rats injected with D-galactose:A potential contribution to Alzheimer's disease processes

Astrocytes are implicated in the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease. Our previous studies have demonstratedthat estrogen deprivation and oxidative stress act synergistically to accelerate0 the progress of Alzheimer's disease. Long-term D-galac-tose injection combined with ovariectomy may serve as a rodent model for Alzheimer's disease. To address the potential contributionof astroglia to the Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, we investigated pathological and biochemical alterations of astrocytes under thisanimal model. Ovadectomized rats injected with D-galactose for 2 weeks showed extensive localization of glial fibrillary acidic proteinimmunoreactive astrocytes and slightly elevated glutathione levels in the hippocampus without significant impairments in the watermaze test and deficits of the cholinergic analyses, compared to the saline-injected rats. Ovariectomized rats injected with D-galactosefor 6 weeks, however, exhibited degeneration of astrocytes and decreased glutathione levels in the hippocampus, accompanied withsevere dysfunction of behavioral test and deficiency of cholinergic terminals. Electron microscopy further confirmed the pathologicalchanges of astrocytes, especially in the aggregated area of synapse and brain microvessels. Consistent with degeneration of perivascu-lar astrocytic endfeet, analysis of the horseradish peroxidase demonstrated an impairment of the blood-brain barrier permeability.These findings indicate that biochemical and pathological alterations of astrocytes may partially contribute to exacerbating neuronaldeficits in the course of Alzheimer's disease. Restoring neuroprotective potential of astrocytes may be a useful therapeutic target forAlzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.     

Pathological and biochemical alterations of astrocytes in ovariectomized rats injected with D-galactose:A potential contribution to Alzheimer's disease processes

Astrocytes are implicated in the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease. Our previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen deprivation and oxidative stress act synergistically to accelerate the progress of Alzheimer's disease. Long-term D-galactose injection combined with ovariectomy may serve as a rodent model for Alzheimer's disease. To address the potential contribution of astroglia to the Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, we investigated pathological and biochemical alterations of astrocytes under this animal model. Ovadectomized rats injected with D-galactose for 2 weeks showed extensive localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive astrocytes and slightly elevated glutathione levels in the hippocampus without significant impairments in the water maze test and deficits of the cholinergic analyses, compared to the saline-injected rats. Ovariectomized rats injected with D-galactose for 6 weeks, however, exhibited degeneration of astrocytes and decreased glutathione levels in the hippocampus, accompanied with severe dysfunction of behavioral test and deficiency of cholinergic terminals. Electron microscopy further confirmed the pathological changes of astrocytes, especially in the aggregated area of synapse and brain microvessels. Consistent with degeneration of perivascular astrocytic endfeet, analysis of the horseradish peroxidase demonstrated an impairment of the blood-brain barrier permeability. These findings indicate that biochemical and pathological alterations of astrocytes may partially contribute to exacerbating neuronal deficits in the course of Alzheimer's disease. Restoring neuroprotective potential of astrocytes may be a useful therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.     

骨盆肿瘤的介入治疗

目的：评价骨盆肿瘤局部动脉内灌注化疗和栓塞治疗的价值。方法：介入治疗50例骨盆肿瘤患者,观察临床及放射学改善情况,并与病理结果作对照。结果：血管造影可清楚显示肿瘤的大小及血供特点,术中出血大大减少。治疗后大部分患者临床症状改善。手术及病理证实。肿瘤均有不同程度的坏死。液化和囊性变,并有假包膜形成。介入术后血管造影表现与病理结果相符。结论：骨盆肿瘤术前介入治疗的效果明显,其作用在于：使肿瘤缩小,分变清晰,减少肿瘤血供,有利于完整切除,提高手术成功率,介入治疗是骨盆肿瘤术前有效的辅助治疗手段。     

Pulsatility of insulin release – a clinically important phenomenon

Abstract

The mechanisms and clinical importance of pulsatile insulin release are presented against the background of more than half a century of companionship with the islets of Langerhans. The insulin-secreting β-cells are oscillators with intrinsic variations of cytoplasmic ATP and Ca²⁺. Within the islets the β-cells are mutually entrained into a common rhythm by gap junctions and diffusible factors (ATP). Synchronization of the different islets in the pancreas is supposed to be due to adjustment of the oscillations to the same phase by neural output of acetylcholine and ATP. Studies of hormone secretion from the perfused pancreas of rats and mice revealed that glucose induces pulses of glucagon anti-synchronous with pulses of insulin and somatostatin. The anti-synchrony may result from a paracrine action of somatostatin on the glucagon-producing α-cells. Purinoceptors have a key function for pulsatile release of islet hormones. It was possible to remove the glucagon and somatostatin pulses with maintenance of those of insulin with an inhibitor of the P2Y₁ receptors. Knock-out of the adenosine A₁ receptor prolonged the pulses of glucagon and somatostatin without affecting the duration of the insulin pulses. Studies of isolated human islets indicate similar relations between pulses of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin as found during perfusion of the rodent pancreas. The observation of reversed cycles of insulin and glucagon adds to the understanding how the islets regulate hepatic glucose production. Current protocols for pulsatile intravenous infusion therapy (PIVIT) should be modified to mimic the anti-synchrony between insulin and glucagon normally seen in the portal blood.     

人工晶状体屈光度与术后视力的关系

目的：探讨人工晶状体的屈光度与术后视力恢复的关系。方法：总结了267只眼白内障超声乳化吸出术加人工晶状体植入术的资料,对不同屈光状态下术后视力改善程度的影响因素加以讨论。结果：在－0．5D～1．0D组的184只眼中,术后第1天视力显著改善者优于其它两组。结论：人工晶状体植入眼术后屈光状态以轻度近视状态为好。术中选择适度的人工晶状体,对术后视力恢复意义重大,从而体现白内障超声乳化吸出术视力恢复迅速的优点。     

一个家系Charcot-Marie-Tooth氏病的临床电生理观察

本文报告了一个家系Charcot-Marie-Tooth氏病(CMT)的电生理改变。均为女性患者,一例合并急性脊髓炎,一例无任何临床自觉症状,家系调查时发现双大腿下2/3处以下轻度肌萎缩。通过电生理检查:(EMG)3例均呈神经元性改变;胫神经感觉传导速度三例均未见诱发电位,(SEP)双下肢胫神经例1及例3各波消失,例2各波在正常范围内,(SSEP)例1 N_(20)延长,例2例3各波在正常范围内,三例患者的(VEP)及(BAEP)检查各波均在正常范围内。提示神经肌肉的电生理改变早于临床,可作为判断亚临床型的指标。     

迷走神经切断术对肠系膜乳糜和静脉血生化成分的影响

为探讨迷走神经损伤对小肠吸收功能的影响，用家兔形成动物疾病模型，于迷走神经切断术前后收集肠系膜静脉血和乳糜，分析其生化成分。结果表明，术后１～２周肠系膜静脉血和乳糜中脂类、蛋白及酶类均有较明显的变化，术后４周基本恢复正常。该实验为临床有关迷走神经损伤手术的预后及并发症处理提供了参考数据     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.