Strengthening the reporting of genetic risk prediction studies (GRIPS): explanation and elaboration

The rapid and continuing progress in gene discovery for complex diseases is fuelling interest in the potential application of genetic risk models for clinical and public health practice. The number of studies assessing the predictive ability is steadily increasing, but they vary widely in completeness of reporting and apparent quality. Transparent reporting of the strengths and weaknesses of these studies is important to facilitate the accumulation of evidence on genetic risk prediction. A multidisciplinary workshop sponsored by the Human Genome Epidemiology Network developed a checklist of 25 items recommended for strengthening the reporting of Genetic RIsk Prediction Studies (GRIPS), building on the principles established by prior reporting guidelines. These recommendations aim to enhance the transparency, quality and completeness of study reporting, and thereby to improve the synthesis and application of information from multiple studies that might differ in design, conduct or analysis.     

如何撰写高质量的流行病学研究论文第六讲观察性营养流行病学研究报告规范(STROBE-nut)

如何提高观察性营养流行病学研究的报告质量是当前的一个关注热点。“加强观察性流行病学研究报告质量——营养流行病学研究（Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Nutritional Epidemiology,STROBE-nut）”以STROBE声明为基础进行了扩展,补充说明了营养流行病学和膳食评价领域的相关问题,从而为如何加强该领域中观察性研究的报告质量提供了指导。本文旨在介绍STROBE-nut并对新增条目中的一些要点进行解读,同时结合实例说明STROBE-nut条目清单在实际中的应用。     

Strengthening the reporting of genetic risk prediction studies: the GRIPS statement

The rapid and continuing progress in gene discovery for complex diseases is fueling interest in the potential application of genetic risk models for clinical and public health practice. The number of studies assessing the predictive ability is steadily increasing, but the quality and completeness of reporting varies. A multidisciplinary workshop sponsored by the Human Genome Epidemiology Network developed a checklist of 25 items recommended for strengthening the reporting of Genetic RIsk Prediction Studies (GRIPS), building on the principles established by prior reporting guidelines. These recommendations aim to enhance the transparency of study reporting, and thereby to improve the synthesis and application of information from multiple studies that might differ in design, conduct, or analysis. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published.     

2014年北京市医疗机构传染病报告质量调查

目的 了解2014年北京市医疗机构传染病报告质量,为进一步提高全市传染病报告质量提供依据。 方法 在全市范围内采用分层抽样方法随机抽取28家医疗机构开展调查。 结果 2014年北京市传染病漏报率为1.88%,及时率为100%,完整率为100%,准确率为98.94%,一致率为90.91%。城区医疗机构和郊区间的一致率差异具有统计学意义( P =0.017),三级医疗机构间的一致率差异具有统计学意义( P =0.018)。 结论 2014年北京市传染病报告质量较高,但仍存在问题和不足,应采取综合性措施进一步提高传染病报告质量。     

四川省2005年传染病网络报告质量评价

[目的]对四川省2005年传染病网络直报数据进行描述和分析,为进一步提高疫情报告工作质量提供科学依据。[方法]以传染病网络直报系统质量评价体系为评价依据，使用SQL数据库和EXCEL电子表格统计分析。[结果]2005年四川省疾病预防控制机构直报率为100．00％，县级以上医疗机构为90．30％,乡镇卫生院为62.05％,较2004年有所提高，但仍低于全国平均水平，传染病报告未及时审核率、未及时报告率,重卡率、零缺报率分别为13．78％、43．96％、0．09％、0．68％，其综合指数为58．51％，位居全国第27位。[结论]该省传染病报告与审核的及时性低，乙肝,肺结核等慢性传染病重报严重,提示各级卫生行政部门应加强医疗机构与疾控部门传染病疫情报告质量管理.     

2008年山东省传染病疫情网络直报质量分析

[目的]了解山东省2008年传染病疫情网络直报质量,发现和解决工作中存在的问题,为进一步提高传染病疫情网络直报水平提供科学依据。[方法]对山东省2008年报告单位信息和全部传染病报告卡进行分析。[结果]2008年全省建立报告单位3360个,通过系统报告传染病报告卡243923张。县级以上医疗机构及卫生院中,全年未报告的占19．64％,全年报告1～11例的占23．60％,出现零、缺报的原因以无传染病病人就诊／就诊人数少为主。全省传染病病例及时报告率为98．15％,及时审核率为99．75％。年龄与职业不匹配报告卡273张,年龄与病种不匹配报告卡9张。未填写填卡医生姓名的26504张,14岁及以下患儿病例报告卡未填写家长姓名的4041张。[结论]2008年山东省传染病网络直报工作质量有所提高,但填卡质量有待提高。     

加强药物基因组学研究报告规范（STROPS）及解读

药物基因组学研究旨在探究遗传变异与药物的疗效和不良反应之间的关联,对样本量有很高的要求。为有效进行Meta分析以探究药物遗传关联,亟需提高药物基因组学研究报告质量。2020年制定的加强药物基因组学研究报告规范（Strengthening the Reporting of Pharmacogenetic Studies,...     

死亡病例网络报告的管理现状

目的了解某院死亡病例的网络报告情况,规范死亡报告管理工作,提高报告质量。方法利用2007~2009年该院死亡报告自查数据,分析该院死亡病例网络报告漏报及报告的完整性、准确性、及时性情况。结果该院医务人员死亡报告完整性、准确性有待进一步提高。结论死亡报告常规性自查是提高报告质量的有效方法。     

Active implementation strategy of CONSORT adherence by a dental specialty journal improved randomized clinical trial reporting

ObjectiveTo describe a novel CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) adherence strategy implemented by the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (AJO-DO) and to report its impact on the completeness of reporting of published trials.Study Design and SettingThe AJO-DO CONSORT adherence strategy, initiated in June 2011, involves active assessment of randomized clinical trial (RCT) reporting during the editorial process. The completeness of reporting CONSORT items was compared between trials submitted and published during the implementation period (July 2011 to September 2013) and trials published between August 2007 and July 2009.ResultsOf the 42 RCTs submitted (July 2011 to September 2013), 23 were considered for publication and assessed for completeness of reporting, seven of which were eventually published. For all published RCTs between 2007 and 2009 (n = 20), completeness of reporting by CONSORT item ranged from 0% to 100% (Median = 40%, interquartile range = 60%). All published trials in 2011–2013, reported 33 of 37 CONSORT (sub) items. Four CONSORT 2010 checklist items remained problematic even after implementation of the adherence strategy: changes to methods (3b), changes to outcomes (6b) after the trial commenced, interim analysis (7b), and trial stopping (14b), which are typically only reported when applicable.ConclusionTrials published following implementation of the AJO-DO CONSORT adherence strategy completely reported more CONSORT items than those published or submitted previously.     

中国肝癌相关队列研究的文献计量分析

目的回顾分析27年来肝癌领域队列研究的应用趋势,展望未来发展方向。方法检索汇总1991年以来中国大陆地区发表的中英文肝癌队列研究文献,对发表时间、科研单位、研究目标与随访调查情况进行统计分析。结果27年来肝癌相关队列研究论文数量明显增长,英文核心期刊群已形成。中英文论文发表数量年平均增长率分别为20.4%与35.2%,52.3%的中文论文与73.5%的英文论文为近5年内发表。49.2%的中文论文发表在核心期刊,47.3%的英文论文发表在影响因子>3分的期刊。国内期刊发表的研究以病因研究为主(41.5%),多为大样本研究;SCI论文研究主要着眼于肝癌预后研究(40.7%),生存分析运用普遍。结论队列研究在我国肝癌研究领域的应用逐渐增多,其中大样本研究与预后分析较为普遍。虽然队列研究的应用得到重视和推广,但仍需进一步提高研究者对于队列研究的认识,提高随访效果、降低失访率,增加生存分析等科学评估手段的应用,更科学地运用队列研究解决临床问题。     

The risk of unblinding was infrequently and incompletely reported in 300 randomized clinical trial publications

ObjectivesTo assess the proportion of clinical trials explicitly reporting the risk of unblinding, to evaluate the completeness of reporting on unblinding risk, and to describe the reported procedures involved in assessing unblinding.Study Design and SettingWe sampled at random 300 blinded randomized clinical trials indexed in PubMed in 2010. Two authors read the trial publications and extracted data independently.ResultsTwenty-four trial publications, or 8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5, 12%), explicitly reported the risk of unblinding, of which 16 publications, or 5% (95% CI, 3, 8%), reported compromised blinding; and 8 publications, or 3% (95% CI, 1, 5%), intact blinding. The reporting on risk of unblinding in the 24 trial publications was generally incomplete. The median proportion of assessments per trial affected by unblinding was 3% (range 1–30%). The most common mechanism for unblinding was perceptible physical properties of the treatments, for example, a difference in the taste and odor of a typhoid vaccine compared with its placebo.ConclusionPublished articles on randomized clinical trials infrequently reported risk of unblinding. This may reflect a tendency for avoiding reporting actual or suspected unblinding or a genuine low risk of unblinding.     

中国母婴健康相关队列研究的文献计量分析

  目的  回顾分析母婴健康队列研究的应用趋势,展望未来发展方向。  方法  检索中国发表的中文及英文(简称“中英文”)母婴队列研究文献,对发表时间、科研单位、研究目标与随访调查等情况进行统计分析。  结果  自1991年以来,母婴健康队列研究的文献数量明显增加,中英文核心期刊群均已形成。中英文文献发表数量的年平均增长率分别为12.2%和23.2%,54.4%的中文文献与79.3%的英文文献为近5年发表。56.9%的中文文献发表在核心期刊,54.3%的英文文献发表在影响因子>3分的期刊。国内外期刊发表的文献均以病因研究为主,多为大样本研究,回归分析模型运用普遍。  结论  队列研究在我国母婴健康领域的应用逐渐增加,但研究者仍需加强对队列研究的认识,控制失访率、改善随访效果,运用Cox回归分析模型等统计分析方法,更加科学地运用队列研究解决实际问题。     

Review: Genetic epidemiological approaches in the study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease

The importance of genetic factors for the susceptibility to disease has been widely recognized in the last years. Genes have been identified for monogenic diseases and the challenge lying ahead is the identification of genetic components of importance and the environments in which they are expressed for complex diseases, that is, multiple genetic factors act and interact with each other or environmental factors to add to the complexity. This paper gives a brief overview of some genetic epidemiological approaches, concepts and recent methodological developments related to the study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in twin and family studies.     

国家报告和学习系统的发展与启示

不良事件报告是衡量患者安全最常用的工具。对国家报告和学习系统的发展概况和研究成果进行了简要介绍。鉴于我国患者安全文化缺失以及不良事件报告系统不健全的现状,提出了几点建议,希望可以促进不良事件报告,提高医疗护理质量。同时分析了患者安全信息系统的未来发展趋势。     

安阳市2008年法定传染病网络报告质量评价

目的通过对全市各县(市、区)法定传染病网络报告系统报告质量进行多项指标综合评价,找出全市网络直报工作中存在的问题,并提出合理的指导性建议。方法运用密切值法对各县(市、区)及时报告率、报告合格率、及时审核率、重卡率、单位零缺报率和年发病率等多项指标进行综合排序,对各县(市、区)网络直报质量做出综合评价。结果全市9个县(市、区)中汤阴县网络直报质量综合评价排序最高,报告质量最好,北关区报告质量较差。结论安阳市各县(市、区)网络报告质量存在较大差异,全市网络报告质量有待进一步提高。     

基于保密原则的医疗差错报告系统研究

医疗行业风险管理研究借鉴了航空业的风险管理模式,正在变被动的、严厉处罚的管理向主动的积极报告模式转变。随着人们对医疗行业要求的提高,医疗行业存在的大量问题也不断暴露出来。只有寻找到提高医疗质量的办法,才可能减少风险的发生。航空业保密原则的差错报告系统,给医疗行业处理医疗差错带来了希望和启迪。     

家鼠型鼠疫监控中的病死鼠报告

目的深入认识病死鼠报告在家鼠型鼠疫监控中的作用及其与关联监测法在监控中的相互配合。方法（1）分析比较病死鼠报告、疫情三报在及时发现家鼠型鼠疫鼠间疫情中的作用;（2）分析病死鼠报告与关联监测法的关系及后者的功用。结果（1）病死鼠报告与及时发现家鼠型鼠疫鼠间疫情有关,而疫情三报中除病死鼠报告外的其他两报与及时发现家鼠型鼠疫鼠间疫情无关;（2）病死鼠报告与关联监测法共同构成家鼠型鼠疫监控的两项核心技术（2HD技术）;在2HD技术中,病死鼠报告主要担负着及时发现家鼠型鼠疫鼠间疫情的任务,而关联监测法有减少和发现鼠间疫情的双重功用,但以前者为主。结论在家鼠型鼠疫监控中,为了及时发现并成功控制鼠间疫情,应重点推广2HD技术;同时要正确理解和对待疫情三报。     

云南省2010年县及县以上医疗机构死亡病例报告质量评价

目的 分析云南省县及县以上医疗机构死亡病例网络报告质量,为进一步提高我省死亡报告质量提供依据.方法 收集2010年全省县及县以上医疗机构网络直报死亡信息,利用县区报告率、单位报告率、审核率、报告合格率、审核合格率、医疗机构报告死亡占总人群死亡的比例、县及县以上医疗机构死亡占实际医院总死亡的比例、常见编码错误分布等指标进行分析评价.结果 2010年云南省县区报告率为94.57％,单位报告率为80.45％;全省平均审核率96.68％:平均报告合格率62.68％,平均审核合格率96.94％.2010年通过国家网络直报系统报告的死亡病例约占同期全省总死亡人数的5.22％;实际医院死亡数通过县及县以上医疗机构得到报告的比例为27.91％.县及县以上医疗机构有明显编码错误的比例高达30.45％.结论 云南省县及县以上医疗机构未报告单位和报告不合格仍占较大比例,死因编码质量普遍较差,根本死因确定和编码培训工作亟待加强.