住院抑郁症患者及其家属的生活质量调查

目的了解抑郁症患者及其家属的生活质量，探索影响抑郁症患者及其家属生活质量的主要因素。方法采用多种心理评定量表对60例抑郁症患者与60名家属进行评估。结果男、女患者的生活质量无明显差异；男性家属生活质量比女性高。SDSS总分低等因素对患者的生活质量的各个维度均有一定的影响。结论加强社会支持及时改善情绪，可能会提高他们的生活质量。     

精神分裂症患者家属生活质量状况及相关因素分析

目的探讨精神分裂症患者家属的生活质量状况，分析影响生活质量的有关因素。方法采用WHO-QOL-100量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表及自行设计一般项目调查表对120名精神分裂症患者家属进行调查，将结果与常模进行对比分析及回归分析。结果与常模比较，精神分裂症患者家属在总的生活质量及6六个领域评分均低于常模（P〈0．01）。男性患者家属生活质量高于女性患者家属。多因素分析结果表明，精神分裂症患者家属生活质量主要影响因素为住院次数、SAS总分、SDS总分、总病程、月平均家庭经济收入。结论精神分裂症患者家属生活质量状况较差，应引起社会各界的关注。     

住院精神分裂症患者亲属焦虑情绪多因素分析

目的：探讨住院精神分裂症患者亲属的焦虑情绪及其影响因素。方法：以随机抽样的原则调查2002年3月-2002年6月住院精神分裂症患者亲属130名，使用Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）及自制问卷进行逐人评定。结果：130人家属中有63名出现焦虑症状，其发生率为48.46％，多元逐步回归分析筛选出影响其焦虑情绪的5项因素。按作用大小依次是：家属健康状况、家属性格、家属年龄、与病人感情、与病人关系。结论：患者亲属的焦虑情绪发生率较高，且受多种因素影响。     

精神分裂症患者家属焦虑抑郁状态的相关因素分析

目的探讨住院精神分裂症患者家属出现焦虑抑郁状态的相关因素，并应用回归分析说明各因素的作用。方法应用自制的一般情况调查表、自评焦虑量表（SAS）、自评抑郁量表（SDS）等调查了100名住院精神分裂症患者的家属，应用SPSS中的Logistic回归进行分析。结果被调查者中有58人同时出现焦虑、抑郁。焦虑抑郁症状的出现与患者家属的年龄、患者的住院次数、患者的家庭收入和患者家属对于精神分裂症的了解相关。结论患者家属的年龄越大、家庭收入越低，以及对疾病的了解越少，家属越容易出现焦虑抑郁症状，三者中以家庭收入的影响最大。     

综合干预对精神分裂症患者亲属抑郁与焦虑情绪的影响

目的:探讨综合干预对精神分裂症患者亲属抑郁、焦虑情绪的影响。方法:对114位精神分裂症患者家属进行综合干预6个月;干预前、干预3及6个月后分别采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)对入组者的抑郁、焦虑情绪进行评估,分析影响其抑郁、焦虑情绪的因素。结果:干预前患者亲属SDS和SAS评分明显高于国内常模(t=12.10,t=10.81;P均0.001);女性亲属SDS和SAS评分明显高于男性亲属(t=3.35,P=0.001;t=2.32,P=0.022);无固定职业的患者亲属SDS和SAS评分明显高于有固定职业的患者亲属(t=2.00,P=0.048;t=2.06,P=0.042);不同教育程度的患者亲属的SDS和SAS评分比较差异有统计学意义(F=3.18,P=0.046;F=3.24,P,0.043);但不同亲属关系的患者亲属间SDS和SAS评分比较差异无统计学意义。干预3个月后及6个月后,患者亲属的SDS和SAS评分较基线有明显下降(P均0.05),但与国内常模相比,差异仍有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论:精神分裂症患者家属有明显的抑郁、焦虑情绪,并与其性别、受教育程度和职业状况有关。综合干预能有效改善精神分裂症患者家属的焦虑、抑郁情绪。     

慢性住院精神分裂症的生活质量及其相关因素研究

目的探讨慢性住院精神分裂症患者的生活质量及其相关因素。方法90例住院患者都采用生活质量量表、汉密顿焦虑量表及汉密顿抑郁量表检测,并比较各项数据。结果根据男性与女性患者之间的检测数据,在生活质量量表的各项目中的PF分值差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而RP、SF、RE的分值差异则呈现显著的统计学意义(P<0.01)。因此,上述结果提示男性患者生活质量的部分主要项目比女性好。另一方面,在较好家庭与较差家庭支持之间,焦虑量表与抑郁量表的总分值之间,都呈现显著的统计学意义,这也提示抑郁和焦虑情绪在较好家庭支持时可能有所减少。结论尽最大努力促进生活质量中的主项如PF、RP、SF、RE以及家庭支持等,能改善慢性住院精神分裂症患者的康复效果。     

影响癌症患者生活质量的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响癌症患者生活质量的相关因素,提示干预措施。方法对124例癌症患者在入院一周内进行癌症病人生活质量问卷(EORCT QLQ-30)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、防御方式问卷(DSQ)、生活事件量表(LES)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)的评估,用t检验,多元逐步回归进行统计分析。结果单因素分析显示对患病知情有利于患者认知功能提高且恶心呕吐减少；病程长躯体功能及角色功能差；本组抑郁发生率为32．26%,焦虑发生率为29．84%,抑郁、焦虑对癌症患者生活质量的多项因子都有显著影响。多元分析结果表明,癌症患者生活质量总评与负性生活事件强度、疼痛、疲劳、社会支持利用度相关,社会功能与年龄、疲劳、HAMD总分有关。结论癌症患者的生活质量受多种因素影响,其中抑郁、焦虑等情绪障碍严重影响了癌症患者的生活质量,负性生活事件、神经质个性、年龄、病程也是影响患者生活质量的重要因素。针对相关因素进行干预有利于癌症患者生活质量的提高。     

癫患者焦虑抑郁情绪研究

目的：探讨癫癎患者焦虑抑郁情绪的有关因素。方法：80例成年癫癎患者，前期诊疗不规范，采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评估。结果：癫癎合并焦虑情绪者25％，合并抑郁情绪者45％。多因素回归分析结果显示，病程越长，发作程度越严重，男性患者更易产生焦虑情绪，而居住在农村的癫癎患者更易产生抑郁情绪。结论：癫癎患者焦虑抑郁情绪明显高于正常人群，性别、病程、发作严重程度和生活居住地是影响癫癎患者焦虑抑郁情绪的独立危险因素。     

住院精神分裂症患者生存质量研究

目的：探讨住院精神分裂症患者的生存质量及其影响因素。方法：量表采用MOS健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)、简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、副反应量表(TESS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)等对125例住院精神分裂症患者进行评定，并与120名正常健康者进行对照。结果：精神分裂症患者SF-36评分显著低于对照组；家庭支持少、病程短、年龄轻、初次住院、住院时间短的患者生存质量差。多因素逐步回归分析显示，影响患者生存质量的主要因素依次为BPRS、SAS、TESS和病程。结论：住院精神分裂症患者的生存质量全面低下，影响因素是多方面的，应予以重视。     

社区护理对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨社区护理在精神科的应用及对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法对31例精神分裂症患者进行社区护理，与另31例患者对照，定期对两组患者进行SCL-90及生活质量表测评。结果实验组患者SCL-90的焦虑、抑郁、偏执因子分显著低于对照组，人际关系、精神病性因子分明显低于对照组；实验组患者生活质量量表的心理功能，社会功能因子分显著高于对照组。结论社区护理能明显提高精神分裂症患者的生活质量。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.