达芬奇机器人手术对手术患者医院感染及相关因素的影响——7种手术病例对照研究

目的了解达芬奇机器人手术对手术患者医院感染及相关因素的影响,为掌握达芬奇机器人手术感染情况及防控提供依据。方法选取某院2016年5月—2018年10月进行达芬奇机器人手术病例,从中筛选出7种手术共839例患者作为病例组,选出同时期符合纳入标准的传统方式手术病例作为对照组(891例),进行回顾性病例对照分析。结果泌尿外科手术占达芬奇机器人手术总量的74.26%,普通外科手术占20.50%,心胸外科手术占5.24%。直肠癌根治术病例组医院感染例次率、手术部位感染率、住院日数、抗菌药物使用日数、留置导尿管日数均低于对照组;房间隔缺损修补术病例组住院日数、留置导尿管日数均低于对照组;肾部分切除术病例组留置导尿管日数低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。病例组住院总费用和手术费用均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论与传统手术方式比较,达芬奇机器人手术不会额外增加医院感染发病率,部分手术中可减少医院感染的发生。     

Assessment of Level of Patient Satisfaction after Prostatectomy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Referral Hospitals in Addis Ababa

BackgroundBenign Prostatic hyperplasia is a very common problem in aging men. TURP comprises 95% of all surgical procedures and is the treatment of choice for prostates sized between 30ml and 80–100ml. Open surgery is the treatment of choice for large glands (bigger than 80–100ml) and for those with associated complications that have indication for open surgery. Many literatures show that the overall patient satisfaction rate and clinical outcome of TURP for BPH are very good. The objective of this study was ‘assessing the level of patient satisfaction after undergoing TURP and TVP for BPH.MethodsIn this research, convenient sampling technique was used. The study design was prospective cohort study. Standardized questioner was prepared in English and later translated into Amharic. Information about demographic characteristics, preoperative data, intraoperative data, and immediate postoperative data were taken while the patient was in the hospital. At the first and the third months after the prostatectomy, patients were inquired on their level of satisfaction about their disease specific satisfaction on the urinary function and their sexual function. We used HCAHPS Measure of Patient Satisfaction Tool, to collect data and analyzed using SPSS version 18.ResultsA total of 89 patients were enrolled in the study among which 65.2% had undergone TURP. The rate of major perioperative complication was found to be low. Over half of the patients had postoperative hospital stay of three or less days. Majority of the patients were satisfied with the care given by the nurses (68.2%) and doctors (84.3%) with relatively higher physicians'' care satisfaction level. More than 60% of the patients were highly satisfied with their urinary surgical outcome. With regard to hospital environment, around 60% of the patients reported that they were very satisfied with cleanliness of the rooms, bath rooms and the quietness of the rooms at night.ConclusionsBoth TURP and TVP have high level of patient satisfaction associated with low perioperative major complications. Therefore both can be recommended for patients with clear indications for prostatectomy.     

前列腺钬激光剜除术与电切术的术后观察比较

目的：探讨钬激光前列腺剜除术（HoLEP）和经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）的术后疗效和护理工作效率。方法：通过对两组患者术后置导尿管时间、膀胱冲洗时间、膀胱冲洗水量、平均住院时间等方面行统计学处理和分析。结果：两组患者术后留置导尿管时间、膀胱冲洗时间和水量、平均住院时间和术后并发症HoLEP组较TURP组明显减少（P〈0．001）.结论：HoLEP组与TURP组比较治疗效果完全相同,术后出血少,术后留置导尿管时间、膀胱冲洗时间均较短,并发症较少,可明显提高护理工作效率和质量。     

Shrinking preoperative fast time with maltodextrin and protein hydrolysate in gastrointestinal resections due to cancer

ObjectiveProlonged preoperative fasting increases postoperative hospital length of stay and current evidence recommends patients drink a carbohydrate-based liquid drink 2 h before surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of hydrolyzed protein to a carbohydrate-based drink would reduce both the inflammatory response and hospital length of stay.MethodsWe evaluated 22 patients of both sexes, undergoing gastrointestinal resection due to cancer. Patients were randomized into two groups: control group (n = 12; 6–8 h fast) and the intervention group (n = 10; fasted to solids for 6 h; and given a beverage containing 11% pea protein hydrolysate and 89% carbohydrates (79% maltodextrin and 21% sucrose), 400 mL the night before and 200 mL 3 h before surgery. Blood samples were collected the morning before surgery and on postoperative day 2.ResultsOverall mortality was 4.5% (one case, control group). The duration of postoperative hospital stay was twofold longer in the control group (P = 0.04). A significant increase of serum C-reactive protein/albumin ratio was observed in controls compared with the intervention group (P = 0.04).ConclusionThe abbreviation of preoperative fasting time to 3 h using a solution containing carbohydrates and hydrolyzed pea proteins reduces the acute-phase inflammatory response and decreases the postoperative length of stay in patients undergoing major surgery for a malignancy.     

Influence of polish national COVID-19 lockdown on the patient characteristics and outcomes of bariatric surgery at a high-volume center—A cohort study

IntroductionAs a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health care systems around the world have been overburdened resulting in significant reduction of planned surgical procedures such as bariatric surgeries. The primary aim of this study is to assess the influence of the COVID-19 national lockdown in Poland on the short-term outcomes and intraoperative course of bariatric patients in a high volume IFSO certified bariatric center.Material & methodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 158 bariatric surgery patients, who underwent bariatric procedures either prior to or after the first national lockdown in Poland. The patients were categorized as pre-lockdown group and the post-lockdown group, each comprising of 79 patients.ResultsThe post-lockdown group had significantly lower operative weight (105.76 vs 114.25, p = 0.012) and BMI (36.99 vs 39.93, p = 0.005) compared to pre-lockdown group. The primary length of stay was significantly longer in the post-lockdown group (3.04 vs 2.44, p = 0.001). The post-lockdown group had significantly lower mean CCI score (1.90 vs 6.67, p = 0.046) and less short-term readmissions post-discharge (0 vs 8.86, p = 0.007) than pre-lockdown group.ConclusionThe post-lockdown group was found to have lower body weight and BMI on the day of the operation than those operated prior to the lockdown. These findings are conflicting to previous research assessing weight changes during lockdowns. Since the qualification criteria and order of operations were similar and pre-defined for both groups, possible explanations for these findings are higher patient motivation due to COVID-19 fears and longer preparation period due to elective surgery postponement. We encourage bariatric centers globally to assess the effect of national lockdowns on the patient profiles as well as the psychological and behavioral impact on the bariatric cohort.     

达芬奇机器人手术对手术患者医院感染及相关因素的影响——7种手术病例对照研究

目的 了解达芬奇机器人手术对手术患者医院感染及相关因素的影响，为掌握达芬奇机器人手术感染情况及防控提供依据。方法 选取某院2016年5月— 2018年10月进行达芬奇机器人手术病例，从中筛选出7种手术共839例患者作为病例组，选出同时期符合纳入标准的传统方式手术病例作为对照组（891例），进行回顾性病例对照分析。结果 泌尿外科手术占达芬奇机器人手术总量的74.26%，普通外科手术占20.50%，心胸外科手术占5.24%。直肠癌根治术病例组医院感染例次率、手术部位感染率、住院日数、抗菌药物使用日数、留置导尿管日数均低于对照组；房间隔缺损修补术病例组住院日数、留置导尿管日数均低于对照组；肾部分切除术病例组留置导尿管日数低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。病例组住院总费用和手术费用均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。结论 与传统手术方式比较，达芬奇机器人手术不会额外增加医院感染发病率，部分手术中可减少医院感染的发生。     

经尿道前列腺切除术后尿路感染的危险因素及病原菌分布

 目的 探讨经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）后尿路感染的危险因素及病原菌构成特征。方法 回顾性收集某院泌尿外科良性前列腺增生行TURP患者的临床资料，采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析TURP术后尿路感染的危险因素，并分析患者尿标本中病原菌构成情况。结果 155例接受TURP患者中，24例患者（15.5%）发生术后尿路感染。单因素分析结果显示，尿路感染组与非感染组患者年龄、前列腺大小、术前留置导尿管，曾行泌尿道医疗操作、糖尿病史、电切镜鞘尺寸、手术时间和灌洗液温度各项比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，患者的年龄>65岁（OR=4.18，95% CI：1.19~14.75，P=0.026）、前列腺>55 g（OR=3.92，95% CI：1.11~13.83，P=0.034）、术前留置导尿管（OR=0.28，95% CI：0.11~0.70，P=0.006）、曾行泌尿道医疗操作（OR=4.70，95% CI：1.85~11.94，P=0.001）、有糖尿病史（OR=2.54，95% CI：1.00~6.48，P=0.050）、电切镜鞘尺寸26F（OR=9.05，95% CI：1.18~69.48，P=0.034）、手术时间>60 min（OR=10.48，95% CI：1.37~80.25，P=0.024）和灌洗液温度<37℃（OR=4.06，95% CI：1.57~10.50，P=0.004）是TURP术后尿路感染的独立危险因素。感染患者尿标本共检出病原菌23株，主要为革兰阴性菌（78.26%），其中大肠埃希菌占比达52.17%（12株）。结论 TURP术后尿路感染与手术时间、电切镜鞘尺寸、曾有泌尿道医疗操作、前列腺大小等相关，感染病原菌仍以大肠埃希菌为主，有效避免高危因素及合理预防性使用抗菌药物，可有助于预防TURP术后尿路感染的发生。     

Determinants of the Length of Stay in Stroke Patients

ObjectivesThe study objective was to identify the factors that influence the length of stay (LOS) in hospital for stroke patients and to provide data for managing hospital costs by managing the LOS.MethodsThis study used data from the Discharge Injury Survey of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which included 17,364 cases from 2005 to 2008.ResultThe LOS for stroke, cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage was 18.6, 15.0, 28.9, and 25.3 days, respectively. Patients who underwent surgery had longer LOS. When patients were divided based on whether they had surgery, there was a 2.4-time difference in the LOS for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 2.0-time difference for patients with cerebral infarction, and 1.4-time difference for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. The emergency route of admission and other diagnosis increased LOS, whereas hypertension and diabetic mellitus reduced LOS.ConclusionIn the present rapidly changing hospital environments, hospitals approach an efficient policy for LOS, to maintain their revenues and quality of assessment. If LOS is used as the indicator of treatment expenses, there is a need to tackle factors that influence the LOS of stroke patients for each disease group who are divided based on whether surgery is performed or not for the proper management of the LOS.     

13 236例心脏直视手术术后医院感染调查及危险因素

 目的 探讨心脏直视手术术后医院感染特点及其危险因素,为制定干预措施提供理论依据。方法 采用回顾性方法调查2016年1月1日-2019年6月30日某三甲心脏专科医院心脏直视手术后患者医院感染情况,并进行危险因素分析。结果 共调查13 236例患者,其中术后发生医院感染923例,医院感染发病率6.97%。不同术式术后医院感染发病率不同,由高到低依次为复杂先心类手术（13.32%）、大血管类手术（11.60%）、冠脉移植类手术（8.23%）、瓣膜类手术（5.49%）、简单先心类手术（5.45%）。感染类型以下呼吸道感染为主（778例,其中呼吸机相关肺炎154例）,其次为上呼吸道感染（42例）、血流感染（34例）、手术部位感染（27例）、泌尿道感染（26例）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,二次手术、异体输血、手术时间>265 min,以及复杂先心类手术是心脏直视手术术后医院感染的独立危险因素。结论 尽量缩短手术时间,减少异体输血,避免二次手术,有利于预防心脏直视手术术后医院感染的发生。     

子宫瘢痕憩室妇女宫腹腔镜下外科治疗效果研究

目的 探讨子宫瘢痕憩室妇女宫、腹腔镜下的外科治疗效果.方法 选取济南市妇幼保健院于2014年2月至2016年2月收治的200例经剖宫产术后诊断为子宫瘢痕憩室患者,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各100例.研究组患者接受宫、腹腔镜下手术治疗,对照组患者接受阴式手术治疗.术后跟踪随访12个月,观察两组患者的住院时间、住院费用、手术时长、手术中出血量、肛门排气时间以及恢复情况.结果 研究组手术时间显著长于对照组(t=3.916,P<0.05)、手术中出血量显著多于对照组(t=3.801,P<0.05).研究组住院时间较对照组显著缩短(t=4.406,P<0.05),而住院费用较对照组显著增加(t=4.571,P<0.05),两组患者术后肛门排气时间无显著性差异(t=0.579,P>0.05).研究组痊愈46例,有效38例,总有效率为84.00%(84/100),对照组痊愈39例,有效31例,总有效率为70.00%(70/100),研究组总有效率显著高于对照组(χ2=5.534,P<0.05).结论 子宫瘢痕憩室妇女采用宫、腹腔镜的外科治疗方式效果较好,对于有明显临床表现的中重度子宫瘢痕憩室患者可考虑此方法治疗.     

生长抑素和生长激素在外伤性胰腺损伤伴神经损伤的应用

目的 研究探讨外伤性胰腺损伤伴神经损伤的治疗。方法 将22例外伤性胰腺损伤伴神经损伤分为3组。用不同方法治疗，观察各组的住院天数，神经功能恢复时间，置导尿管天数，并发症及血清白蛋白的变化。结果 应用生长抑素和生长激素联合治疗组能缩短住院天数，促进神经功能恢复，缩短导尿时间，促进蛋白合成，减少并发症。结论 外伤性胰腺损伤合并神经损伤者，早期应用生长抑素和生长激素联合治疗有利于损伤的胰腺愈合和神经功能的恢复。     

良性前列腺增生患者术后尿源性感染病原菌及危险因素

目的分析良性前列腺增生(Benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)患者术后尿源性感染病原菌分布及高危因素。方法选择2018年1月-2019年12月衡水市人民医院泌尿外科接受经尿道前列腺切除术治疗的204例BPH患者,根据术后是否发生尿源性感染,分为感染组37例和未感染组167例,无菌留取感染患者中段尿进行病原菌培养与鉴定,回顾性分析患者年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、基础合并症、是否进行术前导尿、前列腺大小、手术时间、术中出血量、术后留置导管时间等临床资料,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归模型分析患者术后尿源性感染的危险因素。结果 204例BPH患者发生尿源性感染37例,感染率为18.14%;中段尿共分离出病原菌43株,主要为大肠埃希菌(27.91%)、屎肠球菌(20.93%)和肺炎克雷伯菌(18.60%);合并糖尿病、术前导尿和术后留置导尿管时间>3 d是BPH患者尿源性感染的独立危险因素。结论 BPH患者术后尿源性感染病原菌以大肠埃希菌为主,临床需重点关注合并糖尿病、术前导尿和术后留置导尿管时间>3 d的患者。     

肥胖对结直肠癌手术部位感染的影响

目的探讨肥胖对结直肠癌手术部位感染(SSI)的影响。方法回顾性调查2008年1月—2013年12月某院行结直肠癌根治性手术的215例患者,其中100例体重指数(BMI)≥25 kg/m2(肥胖组),115例BMI25 kg/m2(正常体重组),比较两组患者术中情况、术后恢复、手术并发症等指标。结果肥胖患者72例(72.00%)术中出血量60 mL,58例(58.00%)手术持续时间220 min,其中20例(20.00%)发生SSI;正常体重组中仅30例(26.09%)术中出血量60 mL,20例(17.39%)手术持续时间220 min,8例(6.96%)发生SSI。肥胖组患者术中出血量、SSI发病率高于正常体重组,手术持续时间、术后住院时间长于正常体重组,各组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论结直肠癌患者SSI发病率较高,肥胖、手术持续时间长、出血量多是结直肠患者SSI的危险因素。     

剖宫产术中行子宫肌瘤剔除术106例临床研究

目的探讨妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者在剖宫产术中同时行子宫肌瘤剔除术的安全性及可行性。方法选择2011年1—12月在剖宫产术中行子宫肌瘤剔除术的106例患者作为研究组,以同期妊娠无子宫肌瘤行单纯子宫下段剖宫产患者89例作为对照组,比较两组手术时间、术中及术后出血量、术后住院天数、并发症发生率、术中术后缩宫素用量、术后肛门排气时间及体温恢复时间。结果研究组与对照组比较,术后住院天数、术后缩宫素用量、肛门排气时间及体温恢复时间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但是研究组手术时间[(70±12)min]明显长于对照组[(50±8)min],术中出血量及术中缩宫素用量也均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论在无其他特殊情况下剖宫产术中行子宫肌瘤剔除术,并没有增加手术的风险,因此是安全可行的。     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术对早期非小细胞肺癌患者术后康复及VAS评分的影响

目的探讨全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗对早期非小细胞肺癌患者术后康复及VAS评分的影响。方法选取我院2018年11月至2019年11月收治的早期非小细胞肺癌患者72例,随机分为两组各36例。观察组采用全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗,对照组采用常规开胸肺叶切除术治疗。比较两组的手术、康复指标,术后VAS评分以及并发症发生率。结果术后1~5 d,观察组的VAS评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的引流时间、住院时间显著短于对照组,术中出血量显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的并发症发生率为5.56%,显著低于对照组的27.78%(P<0.05)。结论全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌患者,可明显减轻患者疼痛,缩短住院时间,减少并发症,促进术后康复,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Effect of simethicone on reducing operative difficulty associated with bowel interference during minilaparotomy for modified Pomeroy salpingectomy: A randomized controlled trial,

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of simethicone on reducing operative difficulty associated with bowel interference during minilaparotomy for postpartum modified Pomeroy partial salpingectomy.Study designWe enrolled 20–45-year-old women planning the procedure from March 2018 to February 2019. We randomized participants to chew simethicone 160 mg with water 50 mL 2–8 h before surgery or no treatment. The participants were not blinded; however, surgeons, care providers, and outcome assessors were blinded to the study allocation. We measured surgeon-rated operative difficulty using a 10-cm visual analog scale that represented the difficulty perceived to be resulting from bowel interference. Secondary outcomes included operative time and intraoperative and postoperative complications.ResultsWe enrolled 60 women in each group; baseline characteristics and procedural profiles were comparable. Women in the intervention group used simethicone a median of 157 min (interquartile range 127–192) before the procedure. Surgeons rated the procedure difficulty score as 4.8 in the simethicone group and 4.5 in the control group (p = 0.57). Operative time in the two groups were 26 and 24 min, respectively (p = 0.14). We found no difference in intraoperative adverse events including blood loss and mesosalpinx tear, postoperative morbidities, hospital stay, and patient-rated satisfaction scores.ConclusionPreprocedural simethicone has no demonstrable benefit in reducing operative difficulty caused by bowel interference during minilaparotomy for postpartum tubal sterilization.ImplicationsPreprocedural simethicone as given in this study did not result in reduced bowel interference and improved procedure difficulty. Further research examining simethicone in this setting would not be worthwhile as clinically meaningful benefit is unlikely.     

Hemorrhage after coronary artery bypass graft procedures.

OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for excessive bleeding after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures and to quantify the outcomes related to this complication. DESIGN: We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for hemorrhage following CABG surgery and a historical cohort study to quantify outcomes of hemorrhage. SETTING: The cardiothoracic surgery service of a university hospital. RESULTS: Factors associated with excessive blood loss were recent catheterization (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 0.21 to 0.91); age older than 65 years (OR = 1.94; CI95, 0.96 to 3.93); bypass time of 150 minutes or more (OR = 2.91; CI95, 1.09 to 7.81); and postoperative platelet count of 160,000/mm3 or less (OR = 2.36; CI95, 1.06 to 5.22). The attributable cost of a postoperative hemorrhage was $3,866 (P = .0002) overall, $9,912 (P = .0001) for patients who required reoperation, and $3,316 (P = .03) for those treated medically. The median attributable postoperative length of stay was 1 day longer for cases than for controls (P = .011). Postoperatively, patients who hemorrhaged received significantly larger volumes of packed red blood cells (P < .0001), fresh frozen plasma (P < .0001), platelets (P < .0001), plasminate (P = .007), protamine sulfate (P < .0001), desmopressin acetate (P < .0001), and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (P < .0001) than did controls. CONCLUSIONS: Age, duration of bypass, and postoperative platelet count were associated with excessive bleeding. Hemorrhage after CABG surgery significantly increased the length of stay and cost of care.     

骨科术后切口感染LC-3和Beclin-1与P62表达水平及临床意义

目的探讨骨科术后切口感染患者微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)、自噬特异性基因Beclin-1、P62表达水平及临床意义。方法选取2017年1月-2019年12月海南医学院第二附属医院收治的行骨科外科术后切口感染患者102例(研究组),选取同期行骨科外科术后未出现切口感染患者96例(对照组),免疫组化法检测创面组织LC3、Beclin-1、P62表达水平并分析其临床价值,分析骨科切口感染危险因素。结果与对照组相比,研究组年龄≥60岁、体质量指数(BMI)≥28 kg/m~2、手术时间≥2 h、术中出血量≥1000 ml、住院时间≥2周构成比、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞计数(WBC)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-ɑ)水平和P62免疫组化评分均升高(P<0.05),LC3、Beclin-1免疫组化评分降低(P<0.05)。LC3、Beclin-1免疫组化评分与感染严重程度呈负相关(P<0.05),P62免疫组化评分与感染严重程度呈正相关(P<0.05);LC3免疫组化评分与CRP水平呈负相关(P<0.001),Beclin-1免疫组化评分与PCT、WBC、CRP水平均呈负相关(P<0.05),P62免疫组化评分与CRP水平均呈正相关(P<0.05)。年龄≥60岁、BMI≥28 kg/m~2、手术时间≥2 h、术中出血量≥1000 ml、住院时间≥2周是骨科患者切口感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论LC3、Beclin-1、P62表达水平与切口感染严重程度存在相关性,年龄、肥胖、手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间延长会增加切口感染风险。     

索利那新片联合吲哚美辛栓剂预防性治疗前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛的临床观察

目的评估索利那新片与吲哚美辛栓剂联合应用对前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛的治疗效果。方法随机将40例前列腺增生电切术后患者分成索利那新组、吲哚美辛组、联合组（索利那新＋吲哚美辛）、空白对照组,各10例。分别于手术当日使用索利那新片5mg,1次／12h;吲哚美辛直肠栓剂25mg,2次／d;索利那新片5mg,1次／12h＋吲哚美辛直肠栓剂25mg,20次／d;淀粉安慰剂5mg,至停留置导尿。结果在TURP术后的第1、2、3天,单用索利那新片或吲哚美辛栓剂可降低膀胱痉挛发作次数和持续时间,但降低程度明显低于联合用药（P〈0．01）;单用索利那新片或吲哚美辛栓剂对膀胱痉挛发作次数和持续时间的降低程度无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论联合使用索利那新片与吲噪美辛栓剂对前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛的症状控制较单一用药疗效佳。