外伤性肘外翻畸形合并肘管综合征14例肌电图与临床分析

目的:分析外伤性肘外翻畸形合并肘管综合征的临床与肌电图特点,探讨肌电图对其诊断的指导意义.方法:对14例临床考虑为肘部陈旧性骨折形成肘外翻畸形合并肘管综合征患者进行神经传导速度及肌电图检查.结果:患侧尺神经腕-肘段运动传导速度减慢7例,肘下5 cm～肘上5 cm段运动传导速度减慢11例.复合肌肉动作电位远端潜伏期延长8例,波幅降低10例.尺神经感觉传导速度减慢10例及伴波幅降低8例,14例腕-肘段感觉电位波幅降低;12例微移电位测定阳性;10块小指展肌、12块第一骨间肌及尺侧屈腕肌5块均有神经源性损害.结论:肌电图检查可证实外伤性肘外翻畸形合并肘管综合征存在,且能明确神经受压部位、程度,为临床诊断与鉴别及治疗方案采用提供可靠依据.     

临床探讨及神经电生理检查肘管综合征

目的探讨肘管综合征的发病原因,评价尺神经传导速度（NCV）检查在术前诊断肘管综合征的临床价值。方法对临床上伴有尺神经分布区受损症状及体征的患者,进行尺神经感觉神经传导速度（SCV）及运动神经传导速度（MCV）分段测定,并对这些患者进行尺神经前移术治疗。结果共有21例（22肢）行尺神经SVC分段测定并手术治疗。8肢SVC正常;14肢异常,其中13例未引出,3例减慢。尺神经MCV测定22例（23肢）,20例（21肢）尺神经远端潜伏期延长,1例正常;7例（8肢）尺神经沟下至腕运动传导速度正常,13例（14肢）减慢;1肢尺神经沟上至沟下运动传导速度正常,22肢减慢。结论本组肘管综合征发病原因,包括充盈的静脉丛、粗大静脉、囊肿压迫尺神经等。尺神经肘段运动神经传导速度减慢对肘管综合征有一定诊断价值。     

糖尿病周围神经病变的电生理检测

目的:探讨电生理检测对糖尿病周围神经病的诊断意义。方法:对100例糖尿病患者测定正中神经肘→腕运动神经传导速度、波幅,指1→腕感觉神经传导速度、波幅。尺神经肘→腕运动神经传导速度、波幅,指5→腕感觉神经传导速度、波幅。胫后神经月国→踝运动神经传导速度、波幅,趾1→踝感觉神经传导速度、波幅。腓总神经膝→踝运动神经传导速度、波幅。腓肠神经外踝→腓肠点感觉神经传导速度及波幅。结果:糖尿病周围神经病以轴索及髓鞘同时受损多见,在四肢各神经中,感觉神经传导速度减慢及波幅降低较多见,复合肌肉动作电位波幅降低次之,而运动神经传导速度受累较少见。结论:神经电生理检查对糖尿病周围神经病诊断具有重要意义。     

糖尿病周围神经病变的电生理检测

目的：探讨电生理检测对糖尿病周围神经病的诊断意义。方法：对100例糖尿病患测定正中神经肘→腕运动神经传导速度、波幅，指1→腕感觉神经传导速度、波幅。迟神经肘→腕运动神经传导速度、波幅，指5→腕感觉神经传导速度、波幅。胫后神经Guo→踝运动神经传导速度、波幅，趾1→踝感觉神经传导速度、波幅。腓总神经膝→踝运动神经传导速度、波幅。腓肠神经外踝→腓肠点感觉神经传导速度及波幅。结果：糖尿病周围神经病以轴索及髓鞘同时受损多见，在四肢各神经中，感觉神经传导速度减慢及波幅降低较多，复合肌肉动作电位波幅降低次之，而运动神经传导速度受累较少见。结论：神经电生理检查对糖尿病周围神经病诊断具有重要意义。     

神经传导速度测定对糖尿病合并肘管综合征的诊断意义

目的对糖尿病并发肘管综合征患者的神经传导速度测定结果进行分析。方法对85例糖尿病患者行神经传导速度及肌电图检测,统计糖尿病周围神经损害及肘管综合征的比率。结果 85例患者中周围神经损害36例,符合肘管综合征诊断11例(12.9%),其中糖尿病周围神经损害合并肘管综合征7例,单纯肘管综合征4例,双侧均有损害的3例。肘管综合征表现为肘下-肘上运动神经传导速度减慢(同上臂比较>10m/s),并有腕—小指感觉神经电位波幅降低8例,肘下-肘上运动电位波幅降低(>50%)伴小指展肌、第一骨间肌出现自发电位3例。结论糖尿病患者中并发肘管综合征的患者并不少见,可能存在卡压机制,并且神经传导速度测定可以及早发现糖尿病并发的肘管综合征,使患者能及时得到治疗。     

26例胸廓出口综合征患者的神经肌电图分析

目的 探讨神经肌电图检查对胸廓出口综合征诊断及分型的意义。 方法 收集2010年1月至2013年1月期间由我院骨科临床确诊为胸廓出口综合征患者26例，按照胸廓出口综合征常规检查方法对入选患者上肢进行分段神经肌电图检查。 结果 入选患者神经肌电图异常表现主要包括：①尺神经肘部到腋部感觉神经动作电位（SNAP）波幅下降；②手部肌肉肌电图有失神经改变；③尺神经F波潜伏期延长、波幅下降；④前臂内侧皮神经SNAP消失或波幅下降，传导速度减慢等。 结论 神经肌电图检查在鉴别诊断胸廓出口综合征及分型方面具有重要作用，该检查方法值得临床进一步研究、推广。     

腕尺管综合征肌电图检测分析

目的探讨腕尺管综合征的肌电图表现。方法对13例腕尺管综合征患者行肌电图检测,包括尺神经运动潜伏期、运动波幅、尺神经小指感觉传导速度、感觉波幅等,与其健侧对照比较,评估肌电图表现差异。结果腕尺管综合征患者其患侧肌电图与健侧比较,尺神经运动潜伏期延长(P<0.01),运动波幅缩小(P<0.01),尺神经小指感觉传导速度减慢(P<0.01)、感觉波幅缩小(P<0.01),小指展肌、第Ⅰ骨间肌肌电图也出现静息状态及重收缩状态的改变。结论腕尺管综合征患者存在肌电图的多项改变,早期检测对于其诊断及其治疗具有重要意义。     

肌电图与神经传导速度对Graves病患者神经肌肉受损的评估

目的：应用肌电图和神经传导速度检查探讨Graves病神经肌肉受损的临床诊断意义。方法：于2000-05／2003-12选择汕头大学医学院第一附属医院内分泌专科门诊的Graves病患者46例为研究对象，行肌电图和神经传导速度检查；正常对照组31例为健康志愿者，31例行肌电图检查，30例行神经传导速度检查。肌电图检测：用同心圆针电极观察三角肌、股四头肌自发电位及募集形式，记录及分析小力收缩时每块肌肉20个运动单位电位平均时限及去多相波平均时限、波幅和多相波百分比。神经传导速度检测：用表面电极分别在腕部刺激正中神经和内踝胫后神经，于外展拇短肌及拇展肌用表面电极记录正中神经和胫后神经运动末端潜伏期和复合肌肉动作电位。用指环电极分别刺激拇指、中指和趾1，用表面电极于腕部及内踝记录测定感觉神经传导速度及波幅，包括正中神经（拇指-腕，中指-腕）和胫后神经（趾1-内踝）。并用超强电刺激在正中神经腕部及胫后神经踝部检测F波潜伏斯及出现率。结果：纳入受试对象77例，均进入结果分析。①Graves病组患者肌电图示小力收缩后时限缩短、波幅降低，大力收缩后其峰波幅降低。Graves病组胫后感觉神经复合肌肉动作电位波幅与正常对照组比较降低；正中感觉神经拇指-腕复合肌肉动作电位波幅降低；正中神经中指-腕感觉神经传导速度减慢；Graves病组正中神经F波潜伏期延长和异常出现率增加。键）416例Graves病患者有神经肌肉临床症状26例（56％），肌电图异常39例（85％）；神经传导速度异常41例（89％）；以肌电图异常判断神经传导速度异常敏感性为83％，特异性为87％；以神经传导速度异常判断肌电图异常敏感性为87％。特异性为83％。结论：两种方法对Graves病神经肌肉损伤诊断敏感性高于临床症状，对慢性甲状腺功能亢进性肌病诊断异常率、敏感性和特异性相近；肌电图主要对肌源性损害敏感，神经传导速度主要对神经源性损害敏感，具互补性。     

80例腕管综合征患者的神经电生理测定

目的：观察神经电生理检测对腕管综合征(CTS)的诊断敏感性。方法：80例临床提示为CTS或不能除外CTS的患者进行神经电生理测定并进行回顾性分析。结果：80例116侧正中神经复合肌肉动作电位末端运动潜伏期和波幅、肘至腕的运动传导速度、指至腕部的感觉传导速度及感觉神经动作电位波幅等5项指标检测异常率分别为75．0％、19．8％、9．5％、88．8％及37．9％；45例65侧拇指正中／桡浅神经潜伏期差(MRLD)及环指正中／尺神经潜伏期差(MULD)检测异常率95．4％。结论：正中神经拇指至腕段的感觉传导速度测定是诊断CTS的敏感指标，采用MRLD及MULD测定，诊断敏感性更高。     

腕管综合征的电生理分析及与身体质量指数的相关性

目的:探讨88例腕管综合征(CTS)的电生理特点,明确电生理检查的诊断价值。方法:对88例门诊腕管综合征患者行一侧或双侧正中神经、尺神经的分段运动神经传导速度(MCV)和,Ⅰ、Ⅴ、Ⅳ指刺激感觉神经传导速度(SCV)测定,以及拇短展肌针极肌电图检查;计算每一位患者身体质量指数(BMI)及正中神经与尺神经Ⅳ指刺激感觉神经动作电位(SNAP)波幅比值。结果:Ⅰ、Ⅳ指刺激正中神经SNAP潜伏期延长者的百分比分别为59.1%与65.9%;复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅降低者中拇短展肌肌电图异常者占87.2%;SNAP各参数正常者中有8例(72.7%)出现Ⅳ指刺激正中神经与尺神经波幅比值的异常,各异常参数患者BMI值无显著性差异。结论:神经电生理检查是诊断CTS的理想检测手段。     

双侧正中神经、尺神经多节段运动神经传导各参数正常值的建立

目的：建立双侧正中神经、尺神经多节段运动神经传导速度（MCV）、潜伏期(LAT)和波幅(AMP)的正常值。方法：200例健康志愿者,男100例,女100例,分别按年龄分成5组,正中神经记录点在拇短展肌,刺激点分别为掌点、腕点、肘点、腋点、Erb点;尺神经记录点在小指展肌,刺激点分别为腕点、肘下点、肘上点、腋点、Erb点,记录各段MCV、LAT、AMP值。结果：正中神经、尺神经多节段MCV 、LAT、AMP与性别、侧别无相关性;年龄与正中神经各段MCV、LAT、AMP及尺神经AMP有关。 结论：双侧正中神经、尺神经多节段运动神经传导的准确检测对临床疾病诊断有重要价值。     

超声在诊断闭合性上肢神经卡压症中的应用

目的 探讨高频超声检查在诊断上肢神经卡压症中的临床意义。 方法 用高频超声检查20例正常上肢神经和10例临床怀疑为上肢外周神经卡压（损伤）患者，并与手术探查结果作比较分析。 结果 超声诊断为6例腕管正中神经卡压（2例腕管内低回声囊性包块，4例腕前屈肌尺腕掌侧韧带增厚），3例肘部尺神经卡压，1例上臂桡神经卡压。术后6例明确诊断为腕管综合征，3例为肘部尺神经卡压，1例为上臂桡神经卡压。 结论 高频超声对诊断上肢外周神经卡压症、神经受压程度及定位均有较大价值，为临床提供了一种简单、可靠的无创检查新方法。     

正中神经返支卡压征的电生理研究

目的 探讨正中神经返支卡压征的临床与电生理特点。方法 总结14例正中神经返支卡压征患者的临床与电生理资料，其中男10例，女4例，平均年龄34．7岁，应用肌电诱发电位仪进行神经电生理检测。结果 14例患者正中神经末梢运动潜伏时延长，11例复合肌肉动作电位波幅降低，14例感觉传导速度、感觉动作电位波幅正常，12例前臂段运动传导速度正常；12例拇短展肌、14例拇指对掌肌见纤颤电位和／或正锐波；14例旋前方肌、小指展肌与指浅屈肌肌电图检测均正常。结论 神经电生理检测是诊断和鉴别诊断正中神经返支卡压征的可靠手段，能为临床提供客观、准确的诊断指标。     

Short segment stimulation of the anterior transposed ulnar nerve at the elbow

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether short segment stimulation after anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve reaches normal values and correlates with postoperative clinical findings. DESIGN: Comparative cross-sectional study. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of a university department of physical medicine and rehabilitation. PATIENTS: Nineteen patients (15 men, 4 women) with 21 surgically treated ulnar neuropathies at the elbow; and 19 healthy controls (11 men, 8 women) with 24 measured nerves. INTERVENTIONS: Assessed motor function of ulnar innervated muscles and staged into 4 categories; used questionnaire to assess clinical course of the nerve lesion and graded into 5 categories; took electrophysiologic recordings to measure motor conduction velocity and compound muscle action potentials; and studied short segment stimulation across elbow and lower arm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean +/- standard deviation of ulnar short segment conduction time across the elbow, amplitude and motor conduction velocity; grading of ulnar nerve lesions; grading of the course of disease after surgery; and logistic regression and correlation (Spearman's correlation coefficient) for electrophysiologic and clinical parameters. RESULTS: Sixteen nerves showed focal conduction slowing in patients. No significant correlation between the course of disease and electrophysiologic parameters was seen. For stepwise logistic regression, there was a significant effect between grade of nerve lesion and amplitude, but no significant effect between the course of disease and electrophysiologic parameters. CONCLUSION: A focal conduction slowing across the elbow after anterior subcutaneous transposition does not correlate with postoperative clinical findings.     

Ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow localized by short segment stimulation

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the differences in the amplitudes of the compound muscle action potentials of the hypothenar muscles and the differences in conduction times. Differences in shoot segment responses were determined by stimulating the ulnar nerve at 2-cm intervals across the elbow in 20 normal adults. Thirteen ulnar nerves on the left side and 12 nerves on the right of 14 men and six women were studied for motor nerve conduction velocity. The amplitudes of the hypothenar compound muscle action potentials and the conduction times after supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve were also determined. The distal-to-proximal reduction in the amplitude of the potentials was 6% on the left and 4.2% on the right. The maximum conduction time in a 2-cm segment on the right side was 0.63msec (mean +2SD = 0.43 + 0.20) and on the left, 0.60msec (mean +2SD = 0.44 + 0.16). Using the same short segment stimulation technique, ulnar nerve motor conduction was also studied in 13 patients with suspected ulnar neuropathy at the elbow in order to localize the nerve lesion. Conduction time only was abnormal in one patient, both conduction time and amplitude in nine, amplitude only in one, and conduction time and mild reduction in amplitude in two. It was concluded that short segment stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the elbow is useful in localizing the exact site of entrapment/compression of the nerve at the elbow.     

多发性硬化周围神经损害的临床与神经电生理分析

目的探讨多发性硬化（MS）患者合并周围神经损害的的临床和神经电生理特点。方法分析41例MS患者周围神经损害的临床，同时采用神经传导速度（NCV）技术检测MS患者周围神经的运动传导速度（MCV）、感觉传导速度（SCV）及其潜伏期、波幅；检测正中神经、胫神经F波、H反射的潜伏期和F波的出现率。结果MS合并PNS损害的发生率为41．4％，其临床表现主要为肢体麻木12例（29．2％）、肢体乏力10例（24．3％）、神经根性疼痛2例（4．8％）；体征有末梢／根型感觉障碍9例（21．9%）、腱反射减低5例（12．1％）、肌力减低（〈Ⅳ级）5例（12．1%）、肌萎缩3例（7．3%）。神经电生理改变为F波、H反射潜伏期延长，F波的出现率下降；神经电位波幅降低；不同程度运动感觉神经传导速度减慢及末端潜伏期延长。结论MS是一种以CNS受损为主的脱髓鞘疾病，部分患者可以同时累及PNS，神经电生理检测可对周围神经损害进行定位，同时可定量反映周围神经病变的程度。     

Early electrodiagnosis of the ulnar entrapment neuropathy at the elbow

Reliable, technically not demanding, electrophysiological tests make it possible to diagnose the ulnar entrapment neuropathy at the elbow. Ulnar nerve was stimulated supramaximally at the wrist, below and above the elbow, and in the upper arm, and the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were recorded. Sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities (SNCVs, MNCVs) were calculated in each segment. In 12 of 64 symptomatic extremities of 44 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of the ulnar neuropathy at the elbow MNCVs of all segments were within normal limit and only SNCV across the elbow was significantly slowed (p less than 0.001). In 25 extremities of the patients SNAP was not obtained. Evidence of denervation in the first dorsal interosseous and abductor digiti minimi muscles was detected in about 50% hands tested. This percentage was higher in the hands with absence of SNAP than those with presence of SNAPs. It would appear that measurement of SNCV across the elbow is a more sensitive parameter to detect abnormal conduction across the cubital tunnel in patients with the ulnar neuropathy.     

Ulnar nerve involvement in carpal tunnel syndrome

This is a retrospective study of the involvement of the ulnar nerve in patients with electrodiagnostic evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome as defined by median sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) greater than 3.6msec at the wrist and/or motor distal latency in excess of 4.3msec. The study included 248 patients, 63 (25%) with unilateral and 185 (75%) with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. The electrodiagnostic criteria for ulnar nerve involvement was a SNAP peak latency greater than 3.7msec and/or motor distal latency in excess of 4.2msec. One hundred fourteen patients (46%) had delayed ulnar SNAP peak at the wrist; of these, 100 cases had bilateral ulnar nerve involvement and 14 had unilateral abnormalities. Slowing of the motor nerve conduction velocity for the elbow-wrist segment was noted in 24% and 15% of the study group for the median and ulnar nerves, respectively. An incidental finding was the presence of "double crush syndrome" in 35 patients (14%). The results of this study suggest the frequent association of ulnar nerve involvement at the wrist for sensory fibers and carpal tunnel syndrome.