武汉市动物性食品双酚A水平及风险评估

目的 检测武汉市动物性食品中双酚A(BPA)含量,调查当地居民膳食中动物性食品的结构,计算其双酚A的暴露量,评估当地居民经该途径暴露双酚A的健康风险.方法 随机选取该市常见的13种动物性食品,共78份.用液质检测仪检测样品中的BPA含量.随机选取本市180户居民,共计338人作为膳食调查对象,采用3d24 h膳食调查法,统计其动物性食品的人均摄入量.结合当前BPA的参考剂量评估经该途径暴露BPA的风险水平.结果 BPA在动物性食品中检出范围为0.0～11.7 ng/g.该市居民人均动物性食品的摄入量为277.48 g/d,日均暴露水平(ADI)为11.38 ng/kg bw/day,远低于国际参考标准.结论 BPA在武汉市场上所售的大多数动物性食品中均有微量检出,但经动物性食品暴露的BPA水平,尚不会对居民的健康产生不利影响.     

海口市部分市售蔬菜4-壬基酚、双酚A污染情况初步调查研究

[目的]了解海口市部分蔬菜中4-壬基酚(4-NP)和双酚A(BPA)的污染情况。[方法]到海口市4个城区的农贸市场和超级市场随机获取5种蔬菜,采用GC-MS检测方法进行定性定量检测。[结果]4-NP和BPA在5种蔬菜中均有检出,其中白菜和油菜检出率为100%,含量分别为1.26～8.58μg/kg(4-NP)和0.43～5.31μg/kg(BPA)。[结论]由于4-NP和BPA及其下游产物在我国的广泛应用,有可能已对部分蔬菜造成污染,应引起有关部门的注意。     

河南省蔬菜水果双酚S污染的居民膳食暴露风险评估

目的 分析河南省蔬菜水果双酚S(BPS)污染水平,并评估居民膳食暴露风险,为制订相关的食品安全标准提供依据.方法 于2018-2019年采集河南省本地种植、销售的蔬菜水果样品276份,采用同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定BPS;结合当地居民的膳食结构和平均体重计算膳食暴露量,...     

老年人双酚A暴露与慢性阻塞性肺病的相关性研究

目的 探讨老年人双酚A(BPA)暴露与慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)发生的相关性.方法 随机抽取169名COPD患者作为病例组,并以169名健康人群作为对照组,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测目标人群尿液中BPA的暴露水平.结果 BPA暴露与COPD患病有相关性.调整年龄、文化程度、饮酒、吸烟、BMI等变量后,发现BPA暴露后...     

双酚A雄性生殖毒性研究进展

目前,对环境雌激素双酚A(BPA)是否诱发雄性生殖毒性仍有争议.笔者就国内外关于BPA雄性生殖毒性的研究进行了综述.文献报道表明,BPA虽然胚胎毒性不明显,但对雄性动物具有生殖毒性,而且睾丸和前列腺为主要靶器官,即使低剂量暴露BPA亦可出现毒性效应.     

双酚A对机体的影响及其作用机制

双酚A(Bisphenol A,BPA)广泛存在于塑料制品中,是人们在生产生活中不可避免接触到的一类环境雌激素.研究发现即使低剂量的BPA也会对机体产生一定的影响.BPA对机体的影响是多方面的,主要包括生殖系统、胚胎发育、神经系统、免疫系统、肿瘤发生等.BPA的作用机制多样化,不但可通过内分泌系统影响机体正常激素水平而且可通过不同受体途经产生相应的生物学效应,还与癌症相关.尽管BPA对机体的影响及其可能的作用机制的报道很多,但仍不够完善.本文就BPA对机体的影响做以概述,并探讨分析其可能的作用机制.     

双酚类化合物对BRL 3A肝细胞增殖、氧化应激和致突变作用研究

目的 比较双酚A(BPA)、双酚S(BPS)、双酚F(BPF)和双酚AF(BPAF)对大鼠BRL 3A肝细胞增殖及氧化应激的影响,并研究其致基因突变作用.方法 体外培养的BRL 3A肝细胞分别暴露于0、5、10、25、50、100、150和200 μmol/L的BPA、BPS、BPF和BPAF,48 h后采用CCK-8...     

双酚A职业暴露对男性性激素水平影响的研究

目的 探讨双酚A(BPA)职业暴露对男性性激素水平的影响.方法 于2005年8月,选取在工作中有接触BPA机会的131名男工作为暴露组,同时,选取不接触BPA的146名男工作为对照组.采集研究对象空腹静脉血,采用放射免疫分析法检测促滤泡成熟激素(FSH)、泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、抑制素B(INB)...     

环境雌激素双酚A与性激素相关肿瘤关系的研究进展

双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)是一种具有雌激素活性的化学物质,被广泛应用于塑料工业生产中,能通过环境暴露进入人体而对健康产生影响,尤其对生殖发育系统造成危害。近年来,有关BPA与性激素相关肿瘤关系的研究受到人们广泛的关注。本文对BPA与乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜肿瘤、前列腺癌等肿瘤的关系进行了探讨。     

工作场所空气中双酚A的高效液相色谱测定法

目的 建立工作场所空气中双酚A(BPA)的高效液相色谱测定方法.方法 通过玻璃纤维滤纸采集空气中气溶胶态的双酚A,乙腈洗脱后,高效液相色谱-荧光检测器测定.结果 该方法在0.01～10.00μg/ml范围中呈线性关系,检出限为0.005 μg/ml,最低检出浓度为3.3×10-5 mg/m3(以采集300 L空气样品计),平均加标回收率为97.5％～107.0％,相对标准偏差为2.5％～5.5％,洗脱效率为95.0％～101.9％,采样效率为99.6％,样品在室温下至少可保存7d.结论 方法各项指标均符合GBZ/T 210.4-2008《工作场所空气中化学物质测定方法》的要求,适用于工作场所空气中双酚A的检测.     

Urine bisphenol A and pubertal development in boys

Background

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine disruptor and is found in many consumer products. Animal studies suggest that BPA may perturb pubertal development in males, although studies in humans are limited.

Synthesis and estrogenic activity of bisphenol a mono- and di-beta-D-glucopyranosides, plant metabolites of bisphenol A

The syntheses and characterization of bisphenol A mono- and di-beta-D-glucopyranosides were undertaken to confirm that these compounds are major plant metabolities of bisphenol A (BPA) and to allow an assessment of their estrogenicity. Synthesis involved the glucosidation of unprotected BPA with glucose penta-acetate with phosphorus oxychloride as catalyst. The estrogenic activity of BPA and its mono- and di-beta-D-glucopyranosides were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based estrogen receptor competitive binding assay and with a yeast two-hybrid assay adapted to a chemiluminescent reporter gene (for beta-galactosidase). Both methods showed that the estrogenicity of BPA was eliminated by formation of the di-glucoside, but whereas the ELISA-based method indicated that reduced activity remained in the monoglucoside, the yeast two-hybrid method showed the monoglucoside to be inactive. Presumably these results reflect the more complex interactions of test compound and cellular components required to demonstrate estrogenicity in the yeast two-hybrid assay. As these processes parallel those in mammalian cells, the yeast two-hybrid method is likely to be the more realistic assay. The uptake and metabolism of BPA by plants offers the possibility of phytoremediation of contaminated water, but also provides an additional route for the compound to enter the human food chain.     

Urinary bisphenol A and plasma hormone concentrations in male workers exposed to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and mixed organic solvents

Aims: To evaluate effects of exposure to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) on urinary excretion of bisphenol A, and plasma gonadotrophic hormones and testosterone in male epoxy resin sprayers.

Methods: Cross sectional study of 42 workers whose job was to spray epoxy resin hardening agents including BADGE and mixed organic solvents, and 42 matched control workers without BADGE use in the same machine plants.

Results: Concentrations of urinary bisphenol A were higher in the epoxy resin sprayers (median 1.06 µmol/mol creatinine) compared with the controls (median 0.52 µmol/mol creatinine). Urinary metabolite concentrations of organic solvents used were all higher in the epoxy resin workers compared with the controls. Endocrinological examination showed different concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) between the epoxy sprayers (median 5.3 mIU/ml) and the controls (median 7.6 mIU/ml). FSH showed a mild correlation with urinary bisphenol A, but not with the metabolites of organic solvents. Luteinising hormone and free testosterone concentrations did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusion: BADGE may generate bisphenol A endogenously. Results suggest that bisphenol A may disrupt secretion of gonadotrophic hormones in men. The clinical significance of endocrine disrupting effects by bisphenol A should be further investigated in male workers exposed to bisphenol A.

     

Urinary bisphenol A concentrations in pregnant women

Bisphenol A is a chemical that is present in a number of products and types of food packaging. Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A may cause behavioural changes in young children. The aim of this study was to investigate exposure to bisphenol A in pregnant Australian women as a surrogate of neonatal exposure. First morning void urine samples were collected from 26 pregnant women at around week 38 of gestation. Bisphenol A was detectable in 85% of the samples analysed. The median concentration in this group of women was 2.41 μg/L with a range of <LOD – 5.66 μg/L. Women experiencing their first pregnancy had slightly higher urinary bisphenol A concentrations, as did women with a pre-pregnancy BMI of <25, however these relationships did not reach significance. This study provides the first information on bisphenol A exposure in Australia and reveals that pregnant women have measured biological concentrations of urinary bisphenol A similar to those reported for pregnant women in other developed countries. Given the potential impacts of prenatal bisphenol A exposure, further research in this area is warranted.     

广州市饮用水中双酚A及邻苯二甲酸酯的调查

目的了解广州市饮用水中双酚A、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的污染现状。方法于2014年的枯水期(1—2月)、春季平水期(3—4月)、丰水期(5—8月)和秋季平水期(9—10月),采集广州市现有7家市政水厂的水源水、出厂水及管网末梢水各28份,采用液相色谱-质谱法(LC/MS)进行双酚A(BPA)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)含量的测定。结果水源水、出厂水和管网末梢水全部水样的DBP含量超标,出厂水和管网末梢水全部水样的BPA和DEP含量达标,水源水中BPA和DEP均有检出;水源水丰水期BPA含量低于枯水期(P0.05)和秋季平水期(P0.01),水源水丰水期DEP含量低于秋季平水期(P0.01);出厂水和管网末梢水中BPA含量均低于水源水(P0.01),管网末梢水中DEP含量高于水源水(P0.05),出厂水和管网末梢水中DBP含量均高于水源水(P0.01)。结论广州市饮用水中DBP的含量较高,应结合不同水处理工艺采取控制措施。     

Measurement of bisphenol A levels in human urine

We report a new approach for assessing human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) by measuring BPA in urine after enzymatic deglucuronidation. This method involves addition of (13)C(12)-labeled BPA, enzymatic deconjugation, solid-phase extraction, and derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. The product of the derivatization is separated by gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometric detection using negative chemical ionization and selected ion monitoring. Using this analysis method, urine samples fortified with both a constant level of labeled BPA and a range of unlabeled BPA levels (0.27-10.6 ng/ml) demonstrated constant percentage recovery. In addition, a range of urine sample volumes (0.25-10.0 ml) with constant amounts of added internal standard produced a linear response (r(2)=0.99). The method limit of detection was 0.12 ng/ml. This method was validated by duplicate analyses using gas chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer.     

双酚A的人群接触与生物监测

双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA),主要用于生产环氧树脂和聚碳酸酯类产品。这两类产品广泛应用于日常生活的各个方面。近年来很多研究表明,BPA可从这类产品中释放出来[1-3]。2002年全球BPA的需求量达到275.7万吨,而我国的消费量达137138吨[4]。BPA的化学结构与雌激素类似,是在动物实验中已经确认的具有激素样活性的一种物质(hormonally active agent)。暴露于人类环境接触剂量下的胎鼠,已经发现BPA造成的不良健康效应,包括雄性小鼠前列腺重量增加、每日精子生成量减少、雌性小鼠青春期生长速度加快[5]、阴道口早期开放等[6]。CAROLINE等[7…     

Comparison of serum bisphenol A concentrations in mice exposed to bisphenol A through the diet versus oral bolus exposure

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely produced endocrine-disrupting chemical. Diet is a primary route of exposure, but internal exposure (serum concentrations) in animals and humans has been measured only after single oral bolus administration.Objective: We compared serum concentrations of BPA over a 24-hr period after oral bolus administration or ad libitum feeding in mice and assessed for buildup with dietary exposure.Methods: Adult female mice were administered [dimethyl-d₆]-BPA (BPA-d₆) as a single oral bolus (20 mg/kg body weight) or fed a diet containing 100 mg BPA-d₆/kg feed weight ad libitum for 1 week. Serum concentrations were analyzed using isotope dilution liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and compared between exposure groups over the first 23 hr and after 7 days of dietary exposure.Results: Maximum concentration (C_max) for BPA-d₆ during the first 24 hr was reached at 1 hr and 6 hr for oral bolus and diet groups, respectively. Relative BPA-d₆ bioavailability (unconjugated BPA-d₆) was higher in diet-exposed mice than in the bolus group despite a relative lower absorption, a phenomenon consistent with an inhibitory effect of food on first-pass hepatic metabolism. In mice with ongoing dietary exposure, unconjugated BPA-d₆ was higher on day 7 than on day 1.Conclusions: This is the first report of serum BPA concentrations in an animal model exposed to this chemical via the diet. Although bolus administration of BPA-d₆ led to peak concentrations within 1 hr, C_max for diet-exposed mice was delayed for several hours. However, bolus administration underestimates bioavailable serum BPA concentrations in animals—and presumably humans—than would result from dietary exposure. Exposure via diet is a more natural continuous exposure route than oral bolus exposure and is thus a better predictor of BPA concentrations in chronically exposed animals and humans.     

橄榄油对新生期双酚A暴露后青春期雄性小鼠生殖毒性的拮抗作用

目的研究橄榄油对新生期双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)暴露后青春期雄性小鼠生殖毒性的拮抗作用。方法将32只清洁级新生ICR雄性小鼠随机分为4组,分别为对照(玉米油)组、橄榄油组、BPA(100μg/kg,玉米油稀释,前期实验中能明显引起精母细胞减数分裂阻滞)组、橄榄油+BPA(100μg/kg)组,每组8只。自出生第一天(PND 1)至PND 21(断乳),仔鼠每天进行颈背部皮下注射染毒,染毒容量为4μl/g,每天1次,连续染毒至断乳(PND 21)。PND 30,测定睾丸曲细精管直径、生精上皮厚度、管腔直径以及睾丸组织中Boule mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,BPA组小鼠睾丸曲细精管直径和生精上皮厚度均显著下降,曲细精管管腔直径显著上升,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);虽然橄榄油+BPA组与对照组相比仔鼠曲细精管直径和生精上皮厚度也有明显下降(P0.05),但与BPA组相比,曲细精管直径和生精上皮厚度均显著上升(P0.05),曲细精管管腔直径显著下降(P0.05)。与对照组相比,BPA组小鼠睾丸组织中Boule蛋白的表达下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。橄榄油+BPA组小鼠睾丸组织中Boule蛋白的表达水平高于BPA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,BPA组和橄榄油+BPA组小鼠睾丸组织中Boule mRNA的表达水平均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但橄榄油+BPA组小鼠睾丸组织中Boule mRNA的表达水平高于BPA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论橄榄油对BPA所致雄性小鼠生殖毒性及Boule表达下降有一定的拮抗作用。