生产性皮毛粉尘对工人呼吸系统影响的调查

本文对314名接触皮毛粉尘与322名无尘毒接触史的工人进行了呼吸系统症状的调查和肺功能的检测与分析。结果表明,男性接尘工人气短和女性接尘工人胸闷的阳性率显著高于对照组。男性接尘工人FVC、FEV_1、MMF、V_(50)、V_(25)五项肺功能指标实测值/预计值(％)较相应对照组均有不同程度下降,肺功能异常率也明显高于对照组。随接尘工龄增加,肺功能下降和异常率升高更趋明显。     

木尘对接尘工人肺功能急性影响的研究

目的：探讨木尘对接尘工人肺功能的急性影响。方法：运用Ｔ检验方法对某厂木型车间５２名接触木尘工人肺功能进行了分析。结果：接尘组ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＭＭＦ、Ｖ５０与Ｖ２５班中实测值均较班前明显降低，其差值具有非常显著的统计学意义。与对照组相比，接尘组肺功能各项指标的异常急性改变率显著增高（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。接尘组班前肺功能各项指标实测值占预计值百分比均较对照组明显降低，并具有非常显著的统计学意义。结论：木尘对接尘工人的肺功能可能有急性影响作用。     

接触皮毛粉尘工人的累积接尘量与肺功能损害关系的研究

对212名接触皮毛粉尘男性工人与207名男性对照工人进行了肺功能检测。并对累积接尘量与肺功能损害的关系进行了研究。结果表明,接尘组肺功能各指标(FVC、FEV_1、V_(50)、V_(25))的实测值占预计值%均较对照组为低。肺功能损害随累积接尘量的增加而加重(P<0.01),肺功能异常率则随累积接尘量增加而增高(P<0.01)。多因素分析表明,接尘是导致肺功能下降的主要因素,吸烟也与肺功能呈负相关关系。皮毛粉尘接触量与肺功能损害呈明显的剂量-反应关系。据此本文推荐了皮毛粉尘的接触限值。     

MTT,MTTp和MEFV在小气道功能评价上的应用

为了探讨物理、化学因素对小气道功能的影响,了解应用小气道检测方法对检出小气道早期功能改变的可能性,本文对253例接触滑石粉尘、吸烟和健康工人MTT(用力呼气肺量图平均排出时间)、MTT_P_8(70～80%用力呼气肺活量位部份平均排出时间)和MEFV(最大呼气流量-容积曲线)等小气道功能测验进行对比观察。     

我省呼吸功能正常预计值及其应用价值

（一）本研究为我省首次制订了大、小气道呼吸功能正常预防值，它为我省开展该项检测工作、评估通气功能状态、，具有重要价值。（二）通过对接触有机尘、石棉尘工人及动态观测资料等综合观察，说明大、小气道呼功各项指标；是一项根价值的检测技术；（三）通过吸烟20包年人群观察，看出长期大量吸烟能引起呼吸功能损害。（四）从三种常用肺量计对比观察，提示采用不同型号仪器，其测昨值有一定的可比性。     

职业性接触粉尘工人不同结局的肺通气功能比较

目的比较职业性接触粉尘导致的不同结局工人肺通气功能及小气道损伤状况,为早期诊断职业性呼吸疾患提供依据。方法选取某矿煤工尘肺患者80例,尘肺合并结核33例,以及无尘肺矿工177例为接触粉尘后的三种不同结局。分别测定各结局对象的肺功能,指标包括FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、V50、V25、MMEF,以实测值占预计值百分比进行比较分析。结果比较各组肺功能各指标实测值占预计值的百分比,尘肺合并结核组各指标显著低于其他两组（P〈0.01）,单纯尘肺组在FVC%、FEV1%和FEV1/FVC%上损伤分级均属正常（〉80%）;各组肺通气功能损伤级别构成差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,其中尘肺合并结核组肺功能在中重度损伤的比例显著高于其他组,而无尘肺组正常的肺功能级别比例显著高于其余两组（P〈0.01）。小气道指标（V50%,V25%）在尘肺合并结核组和尘肺组显著减低。结论职业性接触粉尘导致的尘肺及尘肺合并结核肺通气功能显著减低;小气道功能对职业性接触粉尘肺功能损伤较敏感,对职业性接触粉尘工人有早期预警作用。     

某火力发电厂锅炉粉尘作业者小气道通气功能的测定

目的 ;了解锅炉粉尘对作业者小气道功能指标的影响变化。方法 :应用现代集装肺功能呼吸仪测试分析 ,以及现场劳动卫生学调查。结果 :MMEF、V75 /H、V5 0 /H、V2 5 /H四项小气道功能指标与对照组比较 ,接尘组以上四项均低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。吸烟组与不吸烟组MMEF、V5 0 /H、V2 5 /H比较 ,吸烟组均低于非吸烟组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :提示长期接触锅炉粉尘对作业者小气道肺功能指标均有影响 ,同时吸烟首先危害末梢气道功能。     

陶瓷粉尘作业工人心电图检查报告(摘要)

本次对年龄在25～50岁的接触陶瓷粉尘94名工人和91名非接尘工人作为对照组进行心电图检查结果发现: 窦性心动过缓,窦性心律不齐,S—T段下降与Q—T间期延长等异常率与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.01)长期接触高浓度粉尘(粉尘浓度:238.4～436.17mg/m),有否对心脏产生一定的影响有待进一步观察。     

修船业铅接触对工人健康的影响

目的　探讨铅接触对职业人群健康状况的影响。方法对５０名修船业铅接触工人和５０名对照组的健康状况进行现况调查。结果接尘组疾病症状发生率显著增多,尿铅、血红蛋白、红细胞数各指标与对照组比较有高度统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）,且尿铅与血红蛋白、红细胞数均呈现高度负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论修船业中,长期接触铅尘可引起神经系统、消化系统和血液系统的损害。     

水泥粉尘对工人呼吸功能影响的研究

对１１４ 名水泥粉尘作业工人及１８４ 名对照者的症状调查和肺通气功能测试表明,接尘工人呼吸道及眼的刺激症状显著增多,肺功能各指标改变,其异常率较对照组高。提示长期接触水泥粉尘可致工人呼吸道炎变和以小气道阻塞为主的混合性通气功能阻碍。     

稻谷加工工人肺活检的病理组织学观察

对10例临床诊断为Ⅰ期生肺的稻谷加工工人肺活检标本进行了病理组织学观察。主要病变为弥漫性肺纤维化,有纤维细胞结节形成。小气道管壁纤维化和小血管玻璃样变均较明显。肺组织内有大量粉尘沉着。     

Cohort Mortality Study in Three Ceramic Factories in Jingdezhen in China

To investigate the health impacts of crystalline silica mixed dust and other potential occupational hazards on workers in ceramic factories, a cohort study of 4851 workers registered in the employment records in 3 ceramic factories in Jingdezhen city of China between 1972 and 1974 was identified. The cohort mortality was traced throughout 2003 with an accumulation of 128970.2 person-years, revealed 1542 deaths. Standardized mortality ratios （SMRs） were calculated for the main causes of death by using Chinese national mortality rates as reference. The mortality from all causes in three ceramic factories was 12.0‰ and the cumulative mortality was 31.8%. Malignant neoplasm, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases were the first four illnesses that threaten workers’ life, and they accounted for 73.2% of all deaths. The results of this study showed that the standardized mortality ratio for all subjects was 1.02, which is very close to that expected on the basis of the China national mortality rates. Statistically significant mortality excesses for respiratory disease （SMR=1.36）, pneumoconiosis （SMR=37.34）, infectious disease （SMR=5.70） and pul- monary tuberculosis （SMR=3.88） were observed. The mortality of 2938 dust-exposed workers was higher than that of 1913 non dust-exposed workers. Except for pneumoconiosis, the mortality from lung cancer, non-malignant respiratory diseases and pulmonary tuberculosis in dust-exposed workers were significantly increased as compared with that in non-exposed workers, and the relative risks （RRs） were 1.86 （1.16–2.99）, 2.50 （1.84–3.40）, 1.81 （1.34–2.45）. The exposure-response relationships between cumulative dust exposure level and mortality from all causes, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, respiratory diseases, and pulmonary tuberculosis were also identified. The findings indicated that silica mixed dust in ceramic factories has harmful impact on the workers’ health and life span in ceramic factory.     

Pulmonary function study of retired cotton textile workers and the relationship to cigarette smoking

A group of 173 retired cotton textile workers from one cotton mill in Shanghai was surveyed. A modified British Medical Research Council (BMRC) questionnaire was administered, and lung function tests were performed using an LR-80 flow-volume machine made in China. All workers had worked in the preparatory and spinning departments for more than 25 years. A group of 373 healthy age-matched individuals with similar social, economic, and educational backgrounds but with no history of dust or any toxic agent exposure was selected as the control group. Pulmonary function parameters from the forced expiratory effort were recorded. Prediction equations were derived from 157 controls who had never smoked and had no history of respiratory or cardiovascular disorders. The ratios of observed to predicted values in the male and female cotton textile workers and controls were examined using two-way analysis of variance and Student's t test. There was no significant difference between the cotton textile workers and the controls in lung function parameters, whereas cigarette smoking had a distinct impact on all the parameters except forced vital capacity. The effects of cotton dust exposure and cigarette smoking appeared to be additive. It is suggested that the effect of cigarette smoking on the respiratory tract may be located mainly in the small airways.     

退休煤矿工人肺功能动态观察

目的研究退休煤工尘肺患者肺通气功能损害及其变化规律。方法对某矿36名退休煤工人分别于2005年和2010年进行通气功能测定和高仟伏胸片拍摄。结果动态分析结果显示煤矿退休工人吸烟人数百分比由2005年25%增加到2010年66.67%,2010年用力肺活量(FVC)和第1秒时间肺活量(FEV1)平均值均和占预计值百分比与2005年相比差异无统计学意义,而2010年反应小气道功能的指标FEF50和FEF75平均值和占预计值百分比与2005年相比均有统计学意义。肺功能障碍以Ⅱ期煤工尘肺肺功能损伤明显,2010年与2005年比大气道功能障碍人数没有增加,小气道功能损伤增加7例。结论 5年期间,退休煤矿工人小气道功能明显降低,认为其小气道功能损伤是粉尘、吸烟和年龄多重因素作用的结果,小气道功能检查对评价退休煤矿工人的呼吸功能很重要。     

Respiratory symptoms and lung function in relation to wood dust and monoterpene exposure in the wood pellet industry

Introduction: Wood pellets are used as a source of renewable energy for heating purposes. Common exposures are wood dust and monoterpenes, which are known to be hazardous for the airways. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of occupational exposure on respiratory health in wood pellet workers.

Materials and methods: Thirty-nine men working with wood pellet production at six plants were investigated with a questionnaire, medical examination, allergy screening, spirometry, and nasal peak expiratory flow (nasal PEF). Exposure to wood dust and monoterpenes was measured.

Results: The wood pellet workers reported a higher frequency of nasal symptoms, dry cough, and asthma medication compared to controls from the general population. There were no differences in nasal PEF between work and leisure time. A lower lung function than expected (vital capacity [VC], 95%; forced vital capacity in 1?second [FEV₁], 96% of predicted) was noted, but no changes were noted during shifts. There was no correlation between lung function and years working in pellet production. Personal measurements of wood dust at work showed high concentrations (0.16–19?mg/m³), and exposure peaks when performing certain work tasks. Levels of monoterpenes were low (0.64–28?mg/m³). There was no association between exposure and acute lung function effects.

Conclusions: In this study of wood pellet workers, high levels of wood dust were observed, and that may have influenced the airways negatively as the study group reported upper airway symptoms and dry cough more frequently than expected. The wood pellet workers had both a lower VC and FEV₁ than expected. No cross-shift changes were found.     

生产性水泥粉尘对工人呼吸功能的影响

通过对102名水泥粉尘作业工人及182名对照者的症状调查和肺通气功能测试,接尘工人呼吸道及眼的刺激症状显著增多,肺功能各指标改变显著,其异常率较对照组增高,且以累计接尘量较高的作业工人为著.提示长期接尘作业可致呼吸道炎变和小气道阻塞为主的混合性通气功能阻碍.     

东莞市毛线及粉尘厂工人肺功能及其与空气污染的相关性分析

目的：探讨该市毛线及粉尘厂工人群体肺功能及其与空气污染的相关性分析。方法入选519名毛线厂（毛线组）及503名粉尘厂（粉尘组）工人（统称研究组）,并以326名健康体检者作为对照（对照组）,采用呼吸仪进行肺功能检测。对以上厂区及非厂区社区进行空气采样,进行二氧化硒（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO2）、二氧化硅（SaO2）、棉尘及其他PM2．5物质浓度测定,并分析肺功能与上述五者浓度的相关性。结果与对照组比较,粉尘组、毛线组工人的肺活量（VC ）、用力肺活量（FVC ）、最大通气量（MVV）、第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1．0）及第一秒用力呼气量与用力肺活量比值（FEV1．0％）均降低（P＜0．05）,但毛线组及粉尘组之间的VC及FVC组间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,而两组间的MVV、FEV1．0及FEV1．0％差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,粉尘组明显低于毛线组。空气污染情况方面,毛线厂区棉尘浓度显著高于粉尘厂区及非厂区社区（P＜0．05）,而SO2、NO2、SaO2及其他PM2．5物质显著低于粉尘厂区,且任意两组间的浓度差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。Pearson相关性分析显示SO2、NO2、SaO2、棉尘及其他PM2．5物质浓度五者当中任意一者,均与VC、FVC、M VV、FEV1．0及FEV1．0％五者当中任意一者呈显著负相关性（均 r＞0．60,均 P＜0．05）。结论该市部分厂区空气污染较重且工人肺功能受损;毛线厂区棉尘含量高、粉尘厂区SO2含量高,可能是该市毛线及粉尘厂工人群体肺功能受损的主要因素。     

二氧化硅粉尘对肾功能影响及其敏感检测指标的研究

为探讨二氧化硅粉尘接触与肾功能的关系，测定了１５３名二氧化硅粉尘接触工人、１１２例矽肺患者及年龄相当的非接尘对照人群的尿酶和尿中微量蛋白的含量。结果表明，接尘工人和矽肺患者尿微球蛋白（α－ＭＧ）、β－微球蛋白（β－ＭＧ）、白蛋白（Ａｌｂ）嵑停危阴＃拢摹０被咸烟擒彰福ǎ危粒牵┑鹊呐懦隽烤灾哂诙哉兆椋ǎ校迹埃埃祷颍校迹啊＃埃保渑懦隽吭黾佑虢映竟ち溆泄兀室欢ǖ模ㄊ奔洌┘亮浚从叵担胛纹诒鸺巴牙虢映臼奔湮薰亍Ｖな刀趸璺鄢究傻贾陆哟フ叱鱿致浴⒎强赡嫘陨龆拘苑从ΑＤ颚粒保停牵薄ⅵ拢停恰ⅲ粒欤饧埃危粒遣舛勺魑趸枭龆拘栽缙诿舾屑觳獾闹副辍