芬太尼与瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于无痛人工流产术的观察

目的：比较几种不同静脉麻醉方法行无痛人工流产术的麻醉效果。方法：择期行无痛人工流产术患者90例，随机分为丙泊酚组（A组）、芬太尼加丙泊酚组（B组）、瑞芬太尼加丙泊酚组（C组）三组，每组各30例。A组单纯使用丙泊酚2．5mg／kg静注；B组先给予1μg／kg芬太尼再静注丙泊酚1．5mg／kg；C组先给予0．75μg／kg瑞芬太尼再静注丙泊酚1．5mg／kg，注药完毕患者入睡后开始手术。术中有影响手术操作的肢动静脉给予0．5mg／kg的丙泊酚。结果：B组、C组与A组相比，镇痛更满意，术中丙泊酚用量明显减少（P〈0．01），术毕清醒及离院时间更短（P〈0．01）结论：芬太尼及瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚均可安全用于无痛人工流产，麻醉效果满意。     

瑞芬太尼和芬太尼复合异丙酚用于全身麻醉维持中的效果分析

目的观察瑞芬太尼和芬太尼复合异丙酚用于全身麻醉维持的效果。方法选择择期手术患者120例,随机分为瑞芬太尼组和芬太尼组,各60例。两组患者麻醉诱导用药相同。瑞芬太尼组：瑞芬太尼0.1μg/（kg·min）,异丙酚0.1mg/（kg·min）用于麻醉维持。芬太尼组：芬太尼0.03μg/（kg·min）,异丙酚0.1mg/（kg·min）用于麻醉维持。分别记录术前、术中和术后的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率（HR）变化情况,于患者苏醒后行疼痛VAS评分。结果两组患者术前、术中和术后的SBP、DBP和HR差异无统计学意义,苏醒后VAS评分芬太尼组高于瑞芬太尼组（P〈0.01）。结论芬太尼复合异丙酚用于麻醉维持效果与瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚接近,而且术后镇痛效果好。     

瑞芬太尼与芬太尼对老年人全身麻醉术后认知功能的影响

目的：探讨芬太尼和瑞芬太尼对老年人全身麻醉术后认知功能的影响。方法选取我院2012年1月-2013年1月期间进行外科手术的68例患者作为研究对象,随机分为A、B 2组。其中A组患者全身麻醉维持采用芬太尼,B组患者全身麻醉维持采用瑞芬太尼,对比2组患者的手术时间、麻醉时间及术后24 h未通过认知项目的比例。结果 A组与B组患者的手术时间、麻醉时间比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。 A组中术后24 h未通过认知项目的患者明显高于B组,2组比较具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论芬太尼和瑞芬太尼均会引起患者术后短暂性的认知功能障碍,但瑞芬太尼比芬太尼恢复速度快。     

瑞芬太尼用于支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术的临床观察

目的：观察比较瑞芬太尼或芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术的心血管反应、丙泊酚用量及苏醒时间。方法：30例支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除患者，随机分为A、B、C三组，每组10例。A组以咪唑安定、丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导，以丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼麻醉维持。B组以咪唑安定、丙泊酚、芬太尼麻醉诱导，以丙泊酚、芬太尼麻醉维持。C组麻醉诱导同B组，麻醉维持同A组。观察记录三组不同时点的BP、HR、SpO2和丙泊酚用量、手术时间、苏醒拔管时间、拔管后10min的VAS评分。结果：SBP在插管后lrainB、C组明显高于A组（P〈0．05），置入支撑喉镜时A、C组明显低于B组（P〈0．05）。丙泊酚用量和苏醒拔管时间A、C组明显少于B组（P〈0．05），拔管后VAS评分B、C组明显低于A组（P〈0．01）。结论：瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术较芬太尼抑制心血管反应更有效且丙泊酚用量少、苏醒快。     

不同剂量瑞芬太尼、芬太尼在无痛人工流产术中对丙泊酚麻醉效果的影响

目的观察不同剂量瑞芬太尼、芬太尼在无痛人工流产术中对丙泊酚麻醉效果的影响。方法300例无痛流产患者随机分为5组，每组60例；即丙泊酚组（P组）、丙泊酚＋芬太尼1μg／kg组（F1组）、丙泊酚＋芬太尼2μg/kg组（F2组）；丙泊酚＋瑞芬太尼1μg／kg组（R1组）、丙泊酚＋瑞芬太尼2μg／kg组（R2组），P组直接缓慢静注丙泊酚，其他组首先缓慢静推瑞芬太尼或芬太尼1min后缓慢静注丙泊酚。结果丙泊酚用量P组为（2．5±0．4）mg／kg；F1组、R1组为（1．3±0．6）mg／kg，F2组、R2组为（1．0±0．6）mg／ks。恶心、呕吐发生率和呼吸抑制发生率F2组、R2组明显增加（P〈0．01）。术后宫缩痛P组较多（P〈0．01），R1组、R2组明显增多（P〈0．01）。苏醒时间R1组、R2组明显缩短（P〈0．01）。结论芬太尼、瑞芬太尼可以加强丙泊酚在人工流产中的麻醉作用，减少丙泊酚用量，但剂量过大明显增加呼吸抑制和恶心呕吐的发生率；芬太尼对术后宫缩痛的抑制效果好于瑞芬太尼，瑞芬太尼术后苏醒快。     

瑞芬太尼联合异丙酚麻醉对患者眼内压的变化影响

目的：探讨不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉对患者眼内压的影响。方法：88例患者随机分为四组,A、B、C组采用瑞芬太尼联合异丙酚全麻,D组采用芬太尼复合异丙酚,A、B、C三组的瑞芬太尼靶浓度分别为21μg／mL、4μg／mL、6μg／mL,对不同时期四组患者眼内压（IOP）、动脉压（MAP）及心率（HR）测定,并分析对比结果。结果：与D组患者比较,A、B、C三组患者在气管插管前IOP明显降低（P〈0．05）,但该三组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;A组患者气管插管5min后的IOP与全麻前比较明显降低（P〈0．05）,与气管插管前比较明显升高（P〈0．05）;B、C组患者于气管插管前测定MAP较全麻前明显下降（P〈0．05）,A组患者气管插管后5min与气管插管前相比MAP明显上升（P〈0．05）;B、C组患者于气管插管前所测HR比全麻前明显下降（P〈0．05）,A组患者气管插管后5min与气管插管前比较HR明显上升（P〈0．01）。结论：瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚是目前临床较为理想的全凭静脉麻醉的药物搭配,浓度为4μg/mL、6μg／mL的瑞芬太尼联合异丙酚麻醉治疗具有较好的控制眼内压作用,适合于临床推广。     

瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉在^125I粒子植入或射频消融术中的麻醉效果观察

目的：将瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚应用于治疗经皮射频消融或^125I粒子植入治疗恶性肿瘤的麻醉。探讨其临床效果以及安全性。方法：选择射频治疗或^125I粒子植入患者60例,随机分为瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚组（A组）与芬太尼复合异丙酚组（B组）,每组各30例。A组用微量泵输注瑞芬太尼0.1μg/（kg·min）,B组静注芬太尼1.5μg/kg,两组均以异丙酚微量泵维持麻醉。监护仪记录术前、手术开始时、手术开始后5min及患者术后苏醒时的平均动脉压、心率、脉搏氧饱和度及呼吸频率,记录患者苏醒时间;记录术中体动、呼吸暂停次数。结果：瑞芬太尼组患者的清醒时间显著短于芬太尼组,异丙酚用量瑞芬太尼组显著少于芬太尼组（P〈0.001）。术中瑞芬太尼组的平均动脉压下降明显低于芬太尼组（P〈0.05）。结论：经皮射频消融或^125I粒子植入治疗恶性肿瘤的麻醉术中应用微量泵静脉输注瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉效果确切、安全,但需要加强呼吸循环监护与管理。     

瑞芬太尼与芬太尼对婴幼儿腭裂手术的麻醉效果比较

目的比较瑞芬太尼和芬太尼对婴幼儿先天腭裂修补术血流动力学的影响,术后苏醒时间等。方法选择患儿50例,随机分为瑞芬太尼（R）组和芬太尼（F）组。两组患儿均采用气管插管,全身麻醉,术中R组泵注瑞芬太尼0.2μg/（kg.min）,丙泊酚60~100μg/（kg.min）,F组泵注芬太尼0.08~0.1μg/（kg.min）,丙泊酚60~100μg/（kg.min）,两组均30~40 min追加阿曲库铵0.2~0.4 mg/kg,记录两组患儿血流动力学变化、术毕恢复时间等。结果两组患儿麻醉时间无显著差异（P〉0.05）,自主恢复呼吸时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间,瑞芬太尼组均少于芬太尼组（P〈0.05）,而躁动是芬太尼组少于瑞芬太尼组（P〈0.05）。芬太尼组插管即时、切皮时血压心率均加快,而瑞芬太尼组则平稳。结论瑞芬太尼比芬太尼更适合用于患儿腭裂修补术。     

不同麻醉药物在神经外科手术中的应用

目的观察丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉（TIVA）在神经外科手术中的麻醉效果,探讨瑞芬太尼用于神经外科麻醉的临床价值。方法选择60例神经外科择期手术患者,随机均分为瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚及阿曲库胺全凭静脉组（R组）和芬太尼静吸复合麻醉组（F组）。瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚的诱导量分别为1.5μg/kg和2mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg,2min后行气管插管,要求30s内完成。麻醉维持静脉泵注瑞芬太尼0.2μg/（kg·min）或芬太尼0.03μg/（kg·min）,阿曲库胺以0.6mg/（kg·h）恒速输注,至手术结束前20min停药。观察两组气管插管反应、麻醉效果、苏醒质量等。结果血流动力学指标：R组术中MAP和HR相对平稳,而F组明显增高（P〈0.05）;与R组比较,F组自主呼吸恢复时间、轻唤睁眼时间、拔管时间延长（P〈0.05）,拔管后5 min OAA/S评分值低（P〈0.05）,不利于病人术中管理和术后恢复。结论联合应用丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼实施全凭静脉麻醉,在神经外科手术麻醉中,具有很好的临床应用价值。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于老年患者腹腔镜手术麻醉的观察

目的观察瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于老年患者腹腔镜手术麻醉的临床效果。方法 ASAⅡ-Ⅲ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的老年患者60例,随机分成丙泊酚瑞芬太尼组（PR）和丙泊酚芬太尼组（PF）,每组30例;麻醉诱导用丙泊酚1mg/kg和瑞芬太尼2μg/kg或芬太尼2μg/kg,麻醉维持用持续静脉泵入丙泊酚每小时7mg/kg和瑞芬太尼每分钟0.2μg/kg或芬太尼每分钟0.03μg/kg。记录两组各时段血流动力学变化,麻醉恢复情况（自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间）及不良反应等。结果两组麻醉效果好,两组患者诱导后血压,心率都显著降低（P〈0.05）;PR组苏醒期血压,心率显著升高（P〈0.05）,PR组苏醒快,拔管早（P〈0.05）。结论瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于老年患者腹腔镜手术麻醉比芬太尼更具优越性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.