汕头市龙湖区小学生龋病调查分析

目的:为掌握承担医疗卫生服务的社区内小学生的龋病防治状况,更好地开展儿童口腔卫生社区服务。方法:采用第二次全国口腔健康流行病学的调查方案的标准,对汕头市龙湖区新津街道所属三所小学的学生进行龋病调查。结果:小学生乳牙总龋患率为62.26%,恒牙总龋患率为13.50%,其中第一恒磨牙龋患率最高,12~13岁受检学生863人中有178人第一恒磨牙龋坏,龋患率达20.6%;男女生总龋患率没有显著差别,而恒牙龋患率则女生高于男生,有显著差别;乳牙恒牙龋齿总数9504颗,充填牙数291颗,占3.06%;恒牙龋齿牙数1042颗,充填牙数151颗,充填率为14.49%,乳牙充填率更低。结论:我区小学生龋病发病率高,在小学阶段,尤应高度重视第一恒磨牙龋病的防治;我区小学生龋齿充填率距2000年我国口腔保健规划目标中龋齿充填率要达到40%~50%的要求相差很远,今后要在小学生中推广使用各种含氟牙膏以及含氟溶液漱口,推广第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭预防龋齿;要让患龋儿童及时得到充填治疗,提高龋齿充填率。     

高氟区龋病与氟牙症流行特点

目的探讨高氟区氟牙症与龋病的流行特点。方法用氟离子选择电极法、Dean氟牙症分类标准和WHO口腔健康调查表龋齿记分方法对河北省吴桥县高氟区的水氟浓度、氟牙症指数和龋病患病情况进行调查。结果在水氟浓度 4 .5～ 5 .4mg/L的重病区患龋率 5 0 .95 % ,社区氟牙症指数 (communitydentalfluorosisindex ,FCI) 3.0 2 ;在水氟浓度 1.1～ 1.5mg/L的轻病区患龋率为 2 1.98% ,FCI为 0 .5 9。高氟区 10～ 14岁儿童第 1恒磨牙牙合面患龋率 78.5 1% ,第 2恒磨牙牙合面患龋 91.78%。Dean氟牙症记分为 0 ,0 .5 ,1,2 ,3,4的人群患龋率分别为 10 .5 3% ,2 9.0 3% ,2 8.0 4 % ,2 5 .71% ,4 7.0 4 % ,70 .0 0 %。结论高氟区重病区患龋率明显高于轻病区患龋率 ;高氟区 10～ 14岁儿童第 2恒磨牙牙合面患龋率高于第 1恒磨牙 ;高氟区 10～ 14岁儿童随氟牙症记分的上升其患龋率呈上升趋势     

乌鲁木齐市中小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况调查分析

目的：了解新疆乌鲁木齐市中小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况,为防治对策提供依据.方法： 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对乌鲁木齐市7所中小学校,年龄在7～15岁的3 005名不同民族的学生行第一恒磨牙龋病患病率的调查.结果： 第一恒磨牙总患龋率为13.58%,总体龋均为2.07.随着年龄的增长,第一恒磨牙患龋率有明显升高趋势（P＜0.01）;男性患龋率（10.70%）明显低于女性（16.72%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;汉、维吾尔、哈萨克和回族第一恒磨牙的患龋率分别为16.95%、10.07% 、9.80% 和19.58%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.龋失补牙数为844颗,其中龋齿数随年龄增长呈增加趋势.结论： 乌鲁木齐市中小学生（儿童少年）第一恒磨牙的患龋率较高,患龋程度严重,应加强对第一恒磨牙龋病的预防和治疗.     

浦江县1575名8～10岁儿童患龋情况调查分析

目的:了解浦江县8～ 10岁儿童乳恒磨牙患龋情况,为降低学龄儿童乳恒磨牙发病率,以及制定龋病防治规划提供参考依据.方法:根据随机整体抽样的方法,在浦江县市区和农村随机抽样选取调查点,共调查1 575名8 ～10岁儿童,对其乳牙、第一恒磨牙的患龋情况进行统计分析.结果:浦江县8岁儿童患龋率为79.45％,龋均为1.64;9岁儿童惠龋率为82.69％,龋均为1.16;10岁儿童患龋率为87.72％,龋均为1.07.;乳恒牙患龋率和龋均在男性和女性之间的差异均不具有统计学意义.结论:浦江县8～10岁儿童乳牙患病率较高,今后儿童龋病的预防保健工作应进一步加强,口腔卫生宣传教育也要更好的落实,同时提高家长对乳牙重要性的认识,促进乳牙的预防和治疗.     

湖北省丹江口市城区儿童第一恒磨牙龋病情况调查

目的:了解丹江口市城区6～12岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋病发病情况,并为防治工作提供依据。方法:采用世界卫生组织通用的龋齿调查方法。结果:丹江口市城区6～12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率随着年龄的增长而升高,且女性高于男性;龋坏严重程度主要表现为Ⅰ和Ⅱ度龋,牙合面龋发病率最高。结论:丹江口市城区6～12岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋病发病情况符合龋病的一般流行病学特点,需要及早防治。     

2012年鄞州区6岁和12岁儿童口腔健康状况调查分析

目的调查分析宁波市鄞州区6岁和12岁儿童的口腔卫生现状,为相关单位预防和控制儿童口腔疾病的发生提供依据。方法采用随机＋整群抽样方法抽取鄞州区4所小学的一年级（6岁）和六年级（12岁）的学生作为调查对象,对其进行龋病检查,12岁儿童另进行牙周情况和恒牙外伤的调查。结果鄞州区6岁儿童乳牙患龋率、龋均和龋齿充填率分别为71．1％、3．16、和1．63％,第一恒磨牙患龋率、龋齿充填率和窝沟封闭率分别为5．86％、8．45％和3．05％,男女生差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）;12岁儿童恒牙患龋率为26．4％,女生高于男生（P〈0．01）;而龋均和龋齿充填率分别为0．52和11．0％,男女生差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）;12岁儿童牙龈探诊出血率为46．4％,恒前牙外伤率3．92％,男女生差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。结论鄞州区6岁儿童的患龋率大大高于全国平均水平,其余指标与全国水平基本持平,必须采取有效措施,对儿童龋病和龈炎进行控制。     

青海省12岁青少年恒牙龋病流行病学抽样调查报告

目的：了解青海省12岁青少年患龋状况及掌握其龋病发病的基线资料,为口腔卫生保健工作提供科学依据。方法：参考《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》的标准,采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,首次对全省12岁青少年患龋状况进行流行病学抽样调查。结果：青海省12岁青少年恒牙患龋率为22．50％,龋均为0．40,龋齿充填率为3．93％,农村龋齿充填率为0。下颌第一恒磨牙的患龋率最高,恒前牙的患龋率最低。结论：青海省12岁青少年龋病状况处于“很低”等级水平,但龋齿充填率很低。     

西宁市1577名小学生第一恒磨牙患龋调查分析

目的了解西宁市学龄儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况,为合理制订儿童龋病防治措施提供科学依据。方法用横断面调查的方法研究不同年龄组儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况。结果被调查小学生第一恒磨牙龋齿患病率和龋均随年龄的增长而呈明显的上升趋势;7～9岁年龄组儿童中的大部分恒牙龋齿发生在第一恒磨牙,尤其是下颌第一恒磨牙。结论预防和治疗儿童龋齿的重点是第一恒磨牙,针对其好发部位应推广窝沟封闭。     

九江市6所幼儿园儿童龋病调查及健康指导

目的：调查九江市6所幼儿园1 742名儿童患龋病情况,通过专业机构的健康指导预防和减少儿童口腔疾病的发生。方法：由具有执业资格的口腔医师对幼儿园3~6岁儿童按年龄、性别、患龋数、龋齿牙位4个项目分别进行口腔检查,并做好记录。结果：1 742名儿童患龋率为41.4%,人均龋牙数为2.42颗,其中男童915人中患龋齿378人;女童827人中患龋齿344人,性别间患龋病率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;左右龋患间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：医务人员、家长和幼儿园教师都有责任对儿童进行口腔健康教育和宣传指导,及早预防儿童龋病的发生,以有效降低儿童龋病发生率。     

阿克苏市区7~9岁儿童第1恒磨牙龋齿情况调查与发病率分析(1357列)

目的:阿克苏市区7~9岁儿童口腔第1恒磨牙龋齿情况检查,分析龋齿发病率。方法:市区各小学1~4年级7~9岁儿童每天4个班学生来我院口腔第1恒磨牙情况检查,总人数1357例,分析口腔疾病发病率。结果:确诊患第1恒磨牙龋病的人数120例,男57例,女63例,共195颗牙。患龋齿发病率11.3%。结论:儿童到7~8岁时龋齿发病率可高达70%~80%本次调查阿克苏市区7~9岁儿童第1恒磨牙龋齿发病率11.3%,明显低于全国水平,阿克苏地区是高氟区,本地区人龋齿发病率低,这可能氟对牙釉质发育影响有关,龋病是儿童牙病中最常见的疾病,积极治疗活动性龋,局部使用氯化物,使用窝沟封闭剂预防窝沟龋。     

北京市6～18岁学生第一恒磨牙龋病及窝沟封闭现况分析

目的分析北京市学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,调查北京市6~18岁城乡常住人口73 393名。按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案》中的诊断标准检查第一恒磨牙冠龋和窝沟封闭情况。采用SPSS 13.0软件统计分析数据。结果北京市6~18岁学生第一恒磨牙龋均为0.03~0.51,患龋率为2.36%~31.67%,呈现随年龄增高而增加的趋势。9~11岁、13岁、15~18岁组城市患龋率显著高于农村（P〈0.01）,8~18岁组城市龋均显著高于农村（P〈0.01）。7~18岁组女性龋均和患龋率显著高于男性（P〈0.05）。龋齿充填率城市显著高于农村（P〈0.05）。9~10岁组人均窝沟封闭牙数（1.21~1.27）和窝沟封闭率（45.12%~45.31%）达到高峰。下颌第一恒磨牙的患龋率高于上颌第一恒磨牙（P〈0.01）。结论北京市青少年第一恒磨牙患龋率随年龄增高而增加,城市普遍高于农村。下颌第一恒磨牙是青少年龋齿好发牙位。     

海南省三亚市黎族1680名小学生龋病调查

目的:探讨三亚市黎族学生龋病发病的影响因素,为该地区今后开展牙病防治工作提供依据。方法:对三亚市黎族地区10所学校1680名年龄6～13岁的小学生,由经过培训的牙科医生采用口内直视法进行口腔龋病检查。调查内容包括龋病患病状况、口腔卫生状况及问卷调查。结果:受检学生患龋率为35.53%,龋均为3.12颗;7～8岁年龄段患龋率及龋均最高,13岁以上年龄段患龋率及龋均最低,女生患龋率高于男生;龋病治疗率仅为4.12%,恒牙龋治疗率高于乳牙龋。黎族小学生刷格率仅为14.30%。结论:海南省三亚市黎族地区小学生龋病发病率较低,但龋病的预防与治疗情况较差;替牙期患龋率随着年龄增长而下降,恒牙的患龋率随着年龄增长而有所上升。其原因是学生及家长对龋病危害认识不足;农村口腔保健工作亟待加强,要提倡正确的刷牙方法,保持口腔清洁。学校应定期开展普查普治工作,加强替牙期学生龋齿的防治及相关的健康教育。     

拉萨市6年级藏族学生口腔健康状况及其影响因素

目的 调查西藏拉萨市城镇小学生口腔健康状况和口腔保健意识,为当地口腔疾病防治和健康教育工作提供依据。方法 在拉萨市城关区20所小学中,采取整群抽样的方法随机抽取2所小学的藏族学生共504名,进行口腔检查和问卷调查。结果 该人群恒牙患龋率和龋均分别为75.00%和2.18±1.91,窝沟封闭率为3.77%,龋齿充填率为6.81%,第一恒磨牙患龋率为47.62%。女性的恒牙龋均和第一恒磨牙患龋率显著高于男性(P=0.001,P=0.007),氟牙症患病率为61.51%,牙石检出率为71.83%。恒牙患龋率的多因素回归分析结果显示,性别、口腔健康重要性认知、口腔就诊意愿和牙科就诊经历是恒牙患龋的独立影响因素。结论 拉萨地区小学生恒牙龋病患病率高,治疗率低,口腔卫生不良,口腔保健意识差,需继续加强对学校学生和家长的口腔健康宣教工作和医疗资源投入。     

浙江省平湖市12、14岁学生龋病流行病学调查

目的了解平湖市城乡12、14岁年龄组学生恒牙龋齿状况及相关发病因素,为龋病预防提供科学依据。方法采取随机抽样调查方法,按照WHO口腔调查基本方法中的龋病诊断标准对平湖市城乡12岁1030名和14岁1012名学生进行口腔龋病及相关因素调查。结果 1030名12岁学生患龋率为56.02%,龋均为1.30,显著性龋均指数3.06,充填率9.71%,残冠残根率10.98%,有80.10%儿童偏好甜食和饮料或二者同时兼食。14岁1012名学生患龋率为60.87%,龋均为1.71,显著性龋均指数3.98,充填率19.96%,残冠残根率17.89%,89.43%学生偏好甜食和饮料或二者同时兼食。两组女性患龋率均高于男性,差异有统计学（P〈0.05）;偏好甜食或甜食和饮料同时食用者患龋率高,与无不良饮食习惯者差异有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;两年龄组间患龋率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论平湖市12、14岁学生患龋率高,残冠残根率较高,治疗率低,偏好甜食和饮料者多。     

常平镇学龄前儿童龋齿患病情况调查

目的调查常平镇幼儿园学龄前儿童龋齿的情况,旨在为开展龋齿防治工作提供科学依据。方法调查常平镇2011年3月7日～2012年3月7日49所幼儿园1000名2～6岁学龄前儿童发生龋齿的临床资料。结果所调查的1000名学龄前儿童中,患龋人数达680例,患龋率68．0％。不同性别患龋率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;此次调查共检出1280颗龋齿,中下颌前磨牙发生龋患率最高,达56．0％。不同年龄段患龋率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．且随着年龄的增加,患龋率逐渐增加。结论对学龄前儿童龋齿患病情况调查,提示我们应加强儿童口腔卫生的宣教,培养儿童养成早晚刷牙等良好生活习惯,并定期进行口腔检查,早发现早治疗,把口腔保健工作纳人儿童保健范畴,深入开展口腔保健活动。     

Prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth and its relation with tooth brushing habits among schoolchildren in Eastern Saudi Arabia

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of dental caries in the primary and permanent teeth, and evaluate the brushing habits of school children in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods:

This study was conducted at Dammam, KSA. Oral examination of the participants was conducted from February to May 2014. The total sample size for this cross-sectional study was 711. There were 397 children between the age of 6-9 years, who were examined for primary teeth caries, and 314 between the age 10-12 years were examined for permanent teeth caries. Primary and permanent dentitions were studied for decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft [primary teeth], DMFT [permanent teeth]).

Results:

The overall prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth was almost 73% (n=711). Among the 6-9-year-old, the prevalence of caries was approximately 78% (n=397) whereas, among the 10-12-year-old children, it was approximately 68% (n=314). Mean dmft value among the 6-9-year-olds was 3.66±3.13 with decayed (d) component of 3.28±2.92, missing (m) component of 0.11±0.69, and filled (f) component of 0.26±0.9. Mean DMFT value among the 10-12-year-old children was 1.94±2.0 with decayed (D) component of 1.76±1.85, missing (M) component of 0.03±0.22, and filled (F) of component 0.15±0.73. Daily tooth brushing had a positive effect on caries prevention, and this effect was statistically significant for caries in primary teeth.

Conclusion:

Although the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth was not found to be as high as other researchers reported from different cities of KSA, still the prevalence was high considering the World Health Organization future oral health goals. Awareness should be provided to students, as well as, teachers and parents regarding the importance of good brushing habits and regular dental visits.Dental caries is one of the most common cause of extraction of primary teeth in Saudi Arabia.1 In the past few decades, an increase in the prevalence of dental caries has been observed, which can be attributed to a change in lifestyle of Saudis, involving increased consumption of sugary food, carbonated drinks, and lack of awareness towards proper oral health maintenance.2,3 Generally, the prevalence of dental caries in developed countries is decreasing, while in underdeveloped and developing countries, the prevalence is on the rise.4 According to the statistics available from the World Health Organization (WHO), caries prevalence among the 12-year-old children from many European Union states (EU) has decreased considerably from 1970’s to 2006.5 This decline in the caries’ prevalence among EU countries over a period of 35 years could be attributed to an increased awareness of oral hygiene maintenance, and use of fluoridated toothpaste.6 However, among underdeveloped countries where fluoridated toothpaste is not easily available, or not affordable in some cases, caries prevalence is still high.7 The area of dental caries prevalence is of great interest to local and international researchers, which can be indicated by a number of studies that have been performed in developed and developing countries regarding caries’ prevalence.8-10 A study conducted in the urban and rural areas of Lahore, Pakistan to determine whether urbanization and family earnings are related to dental caries reported caries prevalence of 40.5%, and decayed (d), missing (m), and filled (f) teeth (dmft [primary teeth]) score of 1.85 ± 3.26 in preschool children aged 3-5 years,11 while another cross-sectional study performed in Chikar, Pakistan with convenience sampling of 311 schoolchildren revealed an overall DMFT (permanent teeth) score of 3.3 in 5-20-year-olds.12 Several studies have been conducted in different parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to report the prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren. A study performed in Riyadh reported a dmft score of 6.1, decayed factor of 4.6, and no significant difference in the prevalence of caries in relation to gender among 789 pre-school children.13 Farsi14 conducted a study to develop an association between enamel defects and caries occurrence in Jeddah, KSA, and reported a dmft score of 3.9, and a strong association between enamel defects and caries prevalence among 4-5-year-olds.14 In 2012, caries prevalence in the maxillary and mandibular first molar in the age group of 7-10 years schoolchildren was determined in Abha city, and a mean DMFT of 2.74 was reported.15 It was also concluded in the same study that caries prevalence in the first permanent molars from this region is higher than the recommended standards of the WHO.15 Extensive literature search was carried out to find studies regarding caries’ prevalence from Dammam, KSA. The search resulted in only one study, which was conducted in 2008 on children with cleft lip and palate aged 1-6 years, and it reported a high dmft of 10.54 from Dammam region.16 Since Dammam is one of the largest cities of the Eastern province of KSA, it would be interesting to observe caries’ prevalence among schoolchildren from this city. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years in Dammam, KSA using the dmft/DMFT index of dental caries.     

南通市崇川区7-9岁儿童第一恒磨牙萌出、患龋及防治情况调查

目的对南通市崇川区7-9岁儿童第一恒磨牙（以下简称六龄齿）萌出情况、龋齿、龋齿治疗及窝沟封闭进行调查分析。方法采用整群、等比、分层抽样方法,对崇川区城郊14所小学,2369例儿童（7—9岁）的六龄齿进行龋病流行病学调查。结果总患龋率为19．00％,女生（21．52％）明显高于男生（16．63％）（X2=9．19,P〈0．05）,城市儿童（18．75％）低于郊区儿童（22．44％）,女生第一恒磨牙萌出率（97．76％）稍高于男生（97．60％）,充填率（6．04％）很低,窝沟封闭率（O．86％）更低。结论儿童第一恒磨牙龋坏率高,建议对六龄齿进行早期防龋治疗,实施窝沟封闭,最佳时期为7-9岁。