管窥黄元御运用柴胡经验

清代著名医家黄元御著有医书十一种,其中《四圣心源》乃扛鼎之作,黄氏遣方用药,精益求精,配伍合宜,辨证准确,多尊仲景,善于发挥,尊古不泥古。黄氏临床运用柴胡非常广泛,在《四圣心源》中包含柴胡方剂17首。柴胡行经于表里阴阳之间,奏效于寒热往来之会,入足少阳胆经,配伍精当,疗效卓著。黄氏运用柴胡与补虚、清热、滋阴等他药配伍,治疗各种疑难病症,如噎膈、颠狂、牝疟、瘰疬、月经病等。本文探讨黄元御运用柴胡的经验,为临床实践提供理论依据。     

黄元御运用何首乌的经验

清代名医黄元御辨证审慎,用药精简,配伍得宜,用药沿袭张仲景而多有发挥,善于将仲景未用之药融入经方之中。黄氏临床对何首乌的应用十分广泛,其著作《四圣心源》中运用何首乌组方15首。何首乌滋肝养血,润燥荣筋,入足厥阴肝经,与他药配伍得当,可扩大其治疗范围。黄氏运用何首乌与温补、酸敛、滋润等药配伍,治疗病证包括血瘀、中风、目病、须发不荣以及妇产科诸证。总结黄元御运用何首乌的经验,可为进一步研究何首乌的主治功效提供重要依据。     

从《四圣心源》解读黄元御的用药思路

《四圣心源》是清代名医黄元御的扛鼎之作,不但立论明确,阐释透彻,而且文笔精炼,风格独特,具有广博、深邃的学术思想,颇受后世医家尊崇与青睐.黄氏发四圣(黄帝、岐伯、越人、仲景)之微旨,一脉相承,前后融贯,理必《内经》,法必仲景,药必《本经》,其尊古崇圣之情怀,跃然纸上.尤其是书中自拟方颇多,然审其源流,悉宗四圣之旨,遣药简洁,配伍精当,施之临床,效如桴鼓,集中体现了黄氏独特的用药思路,堪为后学师法之楷模.笔者不揣浅陋,拟从六气治法、顾护中气、健脾调中、注重疏肝、扶阳抑阴5个方面,结合临床案例来解读黄元御的用药思路,为弘扬黄氏学术、提高中医疗效而阐述一己之见,抛砖引玉,仅供批评与指正.     

黄元御治疗腰痛理论探析

清朝医家黄元御以其"一气周流"理论在中国医学史上独树一帜,临床上特别重视中气、脾胃、阳气。他的著作《四圣心源》蕴含了他的诸多学术思想,其中《四圣心源·腰痛根源》一篇,对于腰痛病的治疗,见解独到,疗效显著。该文主要论述黄元御治疗腰痛的理法方药。     

黄元御重视中气思想初探

黄元御（约１７０５～１７５８年），一名玉路，字坤载，号研农，山东昌邑人。黄氏少负奇才，聪明过人，诸子百家，“过目冰消，入耳瓦解”，一生勤奋好学。约４０岁时，医名大著，山东一时有“南臧（诸城臧枚吉）北黄”之说。著有《四圣心源》、《四圣悬解》等１１种医书...     

黄元御《四圣心源》“阴阳五行”思想探析

“阴阳五行”是中医理论最重要的基本概念。清代医家黄元御在其著作《四圣心源》中,从“中气”及“升降沉浮”的角度诠释了中医理论,笔者以为其“阴阳”、“五行”思想不同于传统的观念,似能更圆融地表达中医内容。因此希冀对黄氏该思想探析以抛砖引玉,有助于中医研究。     

黄元御《四圣心源》"阴阳五行"思想探析

“阴阳五行”是中医理论最重要的基本概念。清代医家黄元御在其著作《四圣心源》中,从“中气”及“升降沉浮”的角度诠释了中医理论,笔者以为其“阴阳”、“五行”思想不同于传统的观念,似能更圆融地表达中医内容。因此希冀对黄氏该思想探析以抛砖引玉,有助于中医研究。     

黄元御治疗妇科病学术特色探析

[目的] 探析黄元御妇科学领域遣方用药特点,总结其治疗妇科经带胎产诸病的学术特色。[方法] 结合《四圣心源·妇人解》及《黄元御药解》,整理其所载方剂及药物,统计频数并进行分析。分别从月经病、带下病、妊娠病、产后病分析黄氏遣方特点,进而归纳总结其临证用药特点,并结合临床验案进一步阐述其遣方用药思路。[结果] 黄氏治疗妇科经带胎产诸病多从肝脾论治,病机多与“土虚木陷”相关。《四圣心源·妇人解》共11篇,方剂20首,用药频数最高者分别为甘草、桂枝、茯苓、芍药、丹皮等,体现了黄氏注重培土疏木、兼以行血化瘀、善用温阳之品的用药特点。其方药应用于临床中疗效显著,如以桂枝姜苓汤补中暖脾、疏肝调经治疗脾虚肝郁之月经先期者,以豆蔻苓砂汤开郁降浊、和胃止呕治疗脾虚湿盛之妊娠恶阻者。[结论] 黄氏在遣方用药上重视中气,贵阳贱阴,治疗妇科经带胎产诸病重视肝脾、扶阳为先,疗效确切。     

运用黄元御“一气周流”思想探析升阳益胃汤

黄元御在《四圣心源》中提出“一气周流,土枢四象”的理论,强调以脾胃为升降枢纽,调节其他脏腑气机,使五脏升降有序,百病不生。升阳益胃汤出自李杲的《内外伤辨惑论》,是调理脾胃的经典名方。通过运用“一气周流”理论解析升阳益胃汤的配伍思想,有利于灵活应用该方治疗肝、心、脾、肺、肾等多个脏腑疾病,以期为临床运用该方提供新思路。     

《四圣心源》述评

<正> 清·黄元御所著《四圣心源》,是一部以临床医学为主、结合基础理论的综合性医书。全书共十卷,初撰于1749年(乾隆14年),成书于1753年(乾隆18年)。黄氏十分推崇《内经》、《难经》、《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》等经典著作,并将黄帝、歧伯、秦越人、张仲景尊为医界“四圣”,他编写《四圣心源》从理论到实践,都是以上述典籍作为指导范本。今就其全书重点内容及我们读后的心得评述于后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.