超声对胆石性肠梗阻的诊断价值

目的探讨胆石性肠梗阻的超声表现及诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析11例经手术病理证实的胆石性肠梗阻患者的临床资料与超声表现,并与X线平片、CT结果进行比较。结果 11例超声均显示肠腔内异位结石和肠梗阻征象,9例有胆道系统积气,8例可见胆囊变形、轮廓模糊,5例可见胆肠瘘直接征象,7例有少量腹水,5例可见局部肠壁增厚。结论超声检查胆石性肠梗阻有典型征象,对定位和定性诊断具有重要价值,可作为首选检查方法为临床选择治疗方案提供影像依据。     

胆石性肠梗阻的影像学诊断

目的探讨胆石性肠梗阻的影像诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析7例经手术或内镜证实的胆石性肠梗阻患者的影像资料及临床表现,影像检查包括立卧位腹部平片7例,消化道碘水造影1例,CT检查6例,MRI检查2例。结果7例患者皆有程度不等的肠梗阻表现。6例CT检查见肠腔内异位结石,7例腹部平片中2例显示肠腔内异位结石,MRI检查的2例均见肠腔内异位结石,1例消化道造影示十二指肠充盈缺损,误为肿瘤性病变。腹部平片2例见胆囊区积气,6例CT见胆囊积气、胆囊窝结构紊乱,其中2例胆囊与十二指肠内气体相通,1例MRI显示胆囊与十二指肠间有高信号液体相通。结论胆石性肠梗阻影像检查中腹部平片除明确肠梗阻外,仔细寻找肠内阳性结石会对诊断有帮助,CT与MRI均能明确诊断,价值相仿。     

多层螺旋CT在胆石性肠梗阻诊断中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT在胆石性肠梗阻诊断中的价值.方法 回顾分析15例经手术证实的胆石性肠梗阻病例的临床及影像资料.15例均行全腹部CT平扫、X线腹部平片和腹部超声检查.结果 多层螺旋CT显示肠梗阻共15例,不完全性小肠梗阻12例,完全性肠梗阻3例;异位结石15例,其中9例位于回肠,4例位于空肠, 1例于胆囊内及回肠内均可见结石,1例于胆囊-十二指肠瘘口及回肠内各见一结石;胆囊积气15例,胆道积气13例;胆囊窝结构紊乱15例,其中6例MPR图像清晰显示胆囊-十二指肠瘘.多层螺旋CT的诊断准确率可达100%.结论 多层螺旋CT在胆石性肠梗阻的定位和定性诊断中具有重要价值,为手术方案的制订提供影像学信息.     

胆石性肠梗阻的CT诊断

目的:评价CT对胆石性肠梗阻的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析5例经手术证实的胆石性肠梗阻患者的CT检查资料及临床表现。结果:所有病例CT表现均见肠腔内异位结石、肠梗阻、胆系积气及胆囊窝结构紊乱,1例显示腹腔游离积液,1例结石位于十二指肠降段,1例结石位于空肠,另3例结石位于回肠。结石呈圆形或椭圆形,直径2.5~5cm,梗阻以上肠管扩张,可见气液平,1例完全性肠梗阻病例梗阻以下肠管空虚。5例术前CT诊断准确率为100%。结论:胆石性肠梗阻有典型的CT表现,CT是胆石性肠梗阻的最佳方法。     

胆石性肠梗阻的X线诊断(附8例报告)

本文报道8例胆石性肠梗阻,并复习有关文献。较大的胆石常经胆肠瘘进入肠道。结石直径大于4cm,肠腔狭窄等因素都易导致结石在肠道内嵌顿。本病多见老年慢性胆囊炎胆石症患者,女性尤为好发,临床上小肠梗阻常为不完全性,症状呈间断变化为其特征。主要X 线表现有:(1)肠梗阻;(2)腹部直接或间接显示胆石影;(3)胆管积气或存在胆肠瘘。CT 和超声对诊断有帮助。胆石嵌顿于十二指肠球部造成胃出口梗阻为本病的罕见类型,称为Bouveret‘s 综合征。     

X线及CT联合应用对胆石性肠梗阻的诊断价值

目的：探讨X线及CT联合应用对胆石性肠梗的阻诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析10例胆石性肠梗阻患者的X线及CT表现。结果：10例患者中2例胆结石位于十二指肠,4例胆结石位于空肠,3例胆结石位于回肠,1例胆结石位于横结肠,结石直径2．5～6．5cn2,平均3．5cm;4例出现胆囊一十二指肠瘘,1例出现胆囊一结肠瘘,1例出现胆囊一十二指肠一结肠复合瘘,瘘口平均直径约1．5cm,其影像学表现包括肠管扩张积气积液、梗阻段肠腔内环形高密度结石影、胆囊积气及消化道造影剂外漏。结论：X线及CT联合应用可明确诊断胆石性肠梗阻,为临床治疗提供重要信息。     

胆石性肠梗阻的X线表现（附8例报告）

胆系结石经胆肠瘘进入肠道所致的机械性肠梗阻称胆石性肠梗阻，有关本病的X线诊断国外文献已有不少报导（1－7），而国内报导尚少，本文根据四川医学院附属医院（例1－6），浙江宁波市第三医院（例7），江苏阜宁县人民医院（例8）8例胆石性肠梗阻病例的X线表现，对胆石性肠梗阻的X线征象，尤其着重对非钙化结石及并发症征象的判断进行探讨。     

胆囊十二指肠内瘘伴胆石性肠梗阻的CT诊断价值分析

目的:评价螺旋CT对胆囊-十二指肠内瘘伴胆石性肠梗阻的诊断价值。方法:对8例经手术证实为胆囊-十二指肠内瘘伴胆石性肠梗阻的螺旋CT表现及重建技术进行回顾性分析。结果:8例患者中,2例胆石位于十二指肠降段;2例位于空肠;1例位于空回肠交界处;另外3例位于回肠内。胆石短径为(4.70±1.20)cm,长径为(6.09±1.90)cm。胆囊-十二指肠内瘘伴胆石性肠梗阻的CT直接征象主要有瘘口的显示以及胆石位于梗阻段肠腔内;间接征象主要有胆囊及胆道积气;胆囊塌陷及胆囊与十二指肠分界模糊、结构紊乱;肠梗阻。以上两种直接征象若同时存在即可作出诊断,如一种直接征象同时伴有两种或两种以上间接征象亦可作出诊断。结论:胆囊-十二指肠内瘘伴胆石性肠梗阻具有典型的CT表现,螺旋CT能够对其作出明确诊断。     

CT平扫对Bouveret综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT平扫对Bouveret综合征的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析7例经手术证实的Bouveret综合征患者的CT表现及临床资料。结果 7例CT平扫均见肠腔内异位结石,结石上方肠梗阻,梗阻以下肠管空虚;胆道及胆囊积气2例,胆囊窝结构紊乱伴积气5例。结石位于空肠1例,位于回肠6例。1例随访可见胆石梗阻部位移动。结石呈圆形或类圆形,直径3～5 cm,高密度阳性结石4例,低密度阴性结石3例。7例术前CT平扫确诊为Bouveret综合征,准确率为100%。结论单纯CT平扫能对Bouveret综合征进行确诊,"肠袢扩张、胆系积气、异位结石"为Bouveret综合征三大重要的CT平扫表现。     

胆石性肠梗阻诊治体会

肠梗阻是外科常见急腹症之一 ,它的特点是肠内容物不能通过肠道而引起的病理生理变化及临床表现。胆石性肠梗阻是由于一个或多个胆石嵌顿肠腔引起机械性阻塞。本文收集本院 1987- 0 1～ 2 0 0 1- 12收治 6例胆石性肠梗阻资料 ,报道如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料 :本组男性 2例 ,女性 4例。年龄 5 6～ 81岁 ,平均 68.5岁。均以急腹症入院 ,发病时间最短 3ｄ ,最长 1周。入院时有典型机械肠梗阻表现。腹部平片均提示 :小肠积气、扩张、肠腔内液平面。有 1例腹部平片提示胆道内积气。Ｂ超提示胆囊图形异常 2例 ,胆囊萎缩 1例 ,胆囊图形显示不…     

Gallstone ileus analysis of radiological findings in 27 patients

PURPOSE: We retrospectively compared the clinical value of plain abdominal film, abdominal sonography and abdominal CT in diagnosing gallstone ileus in 27 patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 27 patients (23 women and 4 men, age range 58-96 years; mean age 71.5 years) with surgically proven gallstone ileus were submitted to plain film, sonography and CT of the abdomen. Abdominal plain films were performed in 19 cases in upright position (postero-anterior projection), in eight cases in supine position. Abdominal US were performed with 3.5 and/or 7.5 MHz probes. CT was performed with a helical unit (slice thickness 4mm, reconstruction interval 4mm, pitch 1.5), after intravenous contrast agent (120 ml) infusion (3 ml/s, 55 s acquisition delay from bolus starting) and using a power injector. The following findings were searched on: pneumobilia, air in gallbladder, cholecysto-digestive fistula, extraluminal fluid, bowel loops dilatation, intestinal air-fluid levels, ectopic stones. RESULTS: Plain abdominal films showed the following findings: air-fluid levels (77.78% of cases), bowel loops dilatation (88.89%), site of obstruction (44.4%), pneumobilia (37.04%), air in gallbladder (3.70%), ectopic stone (33.33%). Abdominal sonography demonstrated bowel loops dilatation (44.44%), extraluminal fluid (14.81%), ectopic stones (14.81%), gallbladder abnormalities, (37.04%), pneumobilia (55.56%). CT findings retrospectively observed were: bowel loops dilatation (92.59%), air-fluid levels (37.04%), bilio-digestive fistula (14.81%), pneumobilia (88.89%), ectopic stone (81.48%), extraluminal fluid (22.22%). The Rigler's triad, that is pneumobilia, bowel mechanical obstruction and ectopic stone detection was observed 4 times with RX (14.81%), 3 times with US (11.11%) and 21 times with CT (77.78%). CONCLUSIONS: Air-fluid levels and bowel loop dilatation were the radiological findings more frequently observed in our series. Plain abdominal film allowed us mainly to identify signs of obstruction, US were more effective in disclosing biliary pathology, CT allowed us to correctly diagnose biliary ileus with much higher accuracy.     

Use of imaging procedures in gallstone ileus

Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of cholecystolithiasis with a high mortality and a high rate of postoperative complications caused by the advanced age of the patients and the often delayed diagnosis. The article shows that the consistent use of conventional radiological methods helps to reduce the high incidence of undetected gallstone ileus. A plain film of the abdomen is mandatory because it yields important information on the presence of an ileus and allows to diagnose gallstone ileus if air in the biliary tree and an aberrantly located gallstone is visible. Signs of an ileus are a frequent finding on abdominal scout films (9 of 9 cases) while the additional signs are often absent (5 of 9 cases). Contrast x-ray studies of the intestine, especially the upper gastrointestinal series with water-soluble contrast media, are of importance because they can help in detecting biliary enteric fistulas or gallstones located in the intestine. Hence, the consistent use of this roentgenologic routine methods can promote the accuracy of correct preoperative diagnosis (4 of 7 cases).     

胆石性肠梗阻的CT诊断

目的探讨CT对胆石性肠梗阻的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析8例经手术证实的胆石性肠梗阻患者的CT检查资料。所有病例均有胆囊结石、胆囊炎病史1～10年,并经B超和临床证实,其中5例有明确胆囊炎反复发作病史。发病时患者出现持续性中上腹痛,腹胀,恶心,呕吐,3例患者出现停止肛门排气排便典型肠梗阻症状,5例患者表现为不全性肠梗阻症状。结果所有病例CT图像上均可见胆囊窝结构紊乱,邻近胃窦或十二指肠降段壁增厚,胆囊空虚,胆囊及肝内胆管积气。1例胆石位于十二指肠降段;4例结石位于空肠段,其中2例结石位于屈氏韧带处;另3例结石位于回肠末段。结石呈圆形或椭圆形,直径2．7～5．0cm,梗阻以上肠管扩张,积气积液明显,可见液平面。3例完全性梗阻病例梗阻以下肠管空虚,5例不全梗阻病例梗阻以下肠管内仍可见少量气体及液体,结肠内可见粪便气体混合影。8例均在术前经CT得到正确诊断,准确率为100％。结论CT对胆石性肠梗阻的诊断准确性高。凡65岁以上老年人出现间歇性不完全性机械性肠梗阻,特别是既往有胆道病史而无腹部手术史者,应考虑胆石性肠梗阻的可能,应行CT检查明确诊断。     

Gallstone ileus diagnosed by computed tomography

We report a case of gallstone ileus in which CT was the first study to suggest the diagnosis by demonstrating an ectopic gallstone and biliary gas not visible on abdominal plain radiography. Radiologists should be aware of the CT findings in gallstone ileus, so that a more rapid preoperative diagnosis may lead to decreased morbidity and mortality in these patients.     

Atypical cases of gallstone ileus evaluated with multidetector computed tomography

OBJECTIVE: To describe the multidetector computed tomography (CT) findings in 3 patients with atypical gallstone ileus. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated computed radiography and CT images from three cases of surgically proven gallstone ileus. Two radiologists evaluated by consensus all images for the presence of ectopic gallstone, small bowel obstruction, intrahepatic pneumobilia, cholecystic pneumobilia. One author recorded whether diagnosis of gallstone ileus was made prospectively on radiologic reports and correlated findings to pathology. RESULTS: All cases of gallstone ileus were atypical in that one patient had porcelain gallbladder, one had recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, and one was only 35 years of age. Prospective clinical diagnosis of gallstone ileus was made in only 1 patient at computed radiography and all 3 patients at CT. Retrospectively, small bowel obstruction and cholecystic pneumobilia were identified retrospectively in all 3 patients at both computed radiography and MDCT, and an ectopic gallstone, intrahepatic pneumobilia, and choledochoduodenal fistula was seen in 2, 1, and 0 patients at computed radiography and 3, 2, and 3 patients at CT respectively. CONCLUSION: Multidetector CT is an accurate means to diagnose gallstone ileus, even in patients with atypical features. In particular, multidetector CT is useful for identifying the ectopic gallstone at the transition point between dilated and decompressed bowel.     

Air in gallbladder: a frequent finding in gallstone ileus.

A retrospective assessment of the presence of air in the biliary tract is presented, based on plain film findings in 16 proven cases of gallstone ileus. In addition to five cases that demonstrated air in the biliary radicles, four cases exhibited air exclusively in the gallbladder and duodenal bulb. A clearly identifiable radiographic appearance composed of two adjacent small air-fluid levels in the right upper quadrant is described. This radiographic feature represents the air- and fluid-filled duodenal cap adjacent to the visualized shrunken gallbladder. Recognition of this combination of findings helps in establishing a prompt preoperative diagnosis in cases of gallstone ileus.