鄂尔多斯市无偿献血者抗-HIV检测结果分析

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)主要通过吸毒、性接触、血液及血液制品以及母婴垂直传播。为防止HIV经血液传播,提高血液质量,对献血者进行抗-HIV的检测是防范措施之一。笔者对鄂尔多斯市1999年5月~2004年12月无偿献血人群进行了抗-HIV检测,ELISA检测阳性标本,送内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心艾滋病确认实验室确认。现将结果报道如下。1对象与方法对象:鄂尔多斯市中心血站自1999年5月正式运行至2004年12月无偿献血者91113名,年龄18~55岁。试剂:抗-HIV检测试剂购自北京金豪制药有限公司及北京吉比爱公司生产的试剂盒,试剂均经批次检定合格,且…     

2006-2011年南京市无偿献血者HIV感染的调查分析

目的分析2006~2011年南京市无偿献血者人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染情况。方法对2006~2011年436 672名无偿献血者血液标本采用ELISA法进行抗-HIV/HIV-P24初筛检测,初筛有反应性标本送疾病预防控制中心进行确证检测。结果 436 672例无偿献血者中抗-HIV/HIV-24初筛有反应性543例,确证阳性43例;抗-HIV/HIV-P24与HBsAg、TP感染分别为1例和9例。结论南京地区无偿献血者HIV感染率较低,但呈上升趋势,且已从高危人群向普通人群扩散。     

输血前 ELISA 法检测 HBsAg 抗-HCV 抗-HIV 及抗-TP 的价值分析

目的：探讨输血前采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）进行乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙肝病毒抗体（抗-HCV）、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体（抗-HIV）以及梅毒螺旋体抗体（抗-TP）检测的价值意义。方法选取我院各科室收治的2400例门诊及住院申请受血患者,采用 ELISA 法对患者血清HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV 以及抗-TP 进行检测,并对检测结果进行分析。结果2400例患者中,HBsAg 检测阳性率约为14.7%,抗-HCV 阳性率约为5.2%,抗-HIV 阳性率约为0.1%,抗-TP 阳性率约为1.3%。患者在性别上的检测阳性率无显著差别;在年龄上,20岁及以下患者 HBsAg 阳性率明显低于20岁以上患者。结论输血前采用 ELISA 法进行 HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV 以及抗-TP 检测,不仅能够避免血源性感染,增强输血安全性,而且能够避免输血引起的医疗纠纷,具有突出的作用和意义。     

检测经血传播疾病的血清指标是控制院内感染的必要手段

目的:探索入院患者,尤其是术前、产前和输血前患者,检测经血清传播疾病指标在医院感染中的意义。对2890例术前、产前、输血前患者进行血清乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎抗体(抗-HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(1型、2型)抗体(抗-HIV),及丙氨基转移酶(ALT)的检测分析。结果:检出HbAg阳性288例,抗-HCV阳性25例,抗-HIV阳性1例,ALT阳性213例。结论:术前、产前及输血前患者检测经血传染疾病血清指标,对控制血源性院内感染、减少医疗纠纷,具有重要意义。     

塘沽区无偿献血者抗-HIV检测结果分析

目的:了解塘沽区无偿献血者人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染情况。方法:采用国产、进口两种试剂,ELISA方法对天津市塘沽区2004年1月至2007年9月无偿献血者血液标本进行抗-HIV检测。结果:共检测血液标本50442人份,其中国产试剂阳性标本66例,进口试剂阳性标本49例,两种试剂均为阳性的9例。抗-HIV确认阳性6例,感染人数占无偿献血总数的12/10万。结论:选择低危健康无偿献血者;选择灵敏度高、特异性好的试剂盒对无偿献血者的血液要进行严格的筛查,避免抗-HIV的漏检。     

患者输血及手术前相关传染性标志物的检测

目的研究患者输血及手术前相关传染性标志物检测的必要性。方法采用酶联免疫(ELISA)法,对输血及手术前患者15 743例进行人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV1/2)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)进行检测和分析。结果15 743例标本中,抗-HIV1/2阳性患者100例(0.63%),抗-HCV阳性患者156例(0.99%),HBsAg阳性患者1 917例(12.18%),抗-TP阳性患者420例(2.66%)。各指标均存在交叉阳性。结论输血及手术前患者各项血清传染性指标均有一定比例的阳性率,并呈逐年上升的趋势,各指标均有交叉阳性,应引起高度重视,对患者进行必要的传染性标志物检测应成为临床的一项常规检测项目。     

输血前对受血者四项感染性疾病指标的检测及临床意义探讨

目的:探讨输血前对受血者四项感染性疾病指标的检测及临床意义。方法:本院2011年1月~2012年12月需要输血治疗的患者820例,分别在受血前进行梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV1/2)、乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBSAg)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)四项感染性疾病指标检测,探讨受血前上述指标检测的临床意义。结果:抗-TP阳性9例,阳性率为1.10%;抗-HIV1/2阳性1例,阳性率为0.12%;HBSAg阳性65例,阳性率为7.93%;抗-HCV阳性5例,阳性率为0.61%;其中男性阳性患者56例,阳性率为13.59%;女性阳性患者24例,阳性率为5.97%;男性感染性疾病患者明显高于女性,两种性别比较差异具有显著性,有统计学意义P<0.05。结论:输血前对受血者抗-TP、抗-HIV1/2、HBSAg、抗-HCV四项感染性疾病指标的检测可以确定患者受血前是否患有以上四种与输血相关的传染性疾病,避免输血后不必要的医疗纠纷,同时可及时发现潜在的感染源,并进行预见性的管理,对降低医院感染率具有重要意义。     

HIV抗体阳性检测结果分析

目的 了解医院术前及待娩产妇、需输血或介入治疗、需内窥镜检查及治疗等患者外周血中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染状况。方法 对患者血清采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）进行初筛，初筛阳性者再复检（初筛试剂加另外一种试剂），其检测结果如为一阴一阳或两阳者送宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心（CDC）采用免疫印记法（WB）确证。结果 25976患者中HIV感染者6例，均为30—46岁青壮年，以农民及流动人员为主，均非本市籍人；以血液传播为主要途径，其次是性传播。2004年检出抗-HIV阳性者1例（检出率为0．1‰），而2005年检出抗-HIV阳性者5例（检出率为0．3‰）。结论 医院所有科室都应对有可疑AIDS症状、有相关危险因素的就诊者予以高度重视，将其列入HIV抗体筛查对象，同时要做好AIDS患者及高危人群的宣传教育工作。     

41 298例住院患者血液感染性指标检测结果分析及临床意义

目的通过对住院患者乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎抗体(抗-HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV)及苍白密螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)血液感染性指标进行检测,为预防和避免医院交叉感染及医疗纠纷的发生提供依据。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对2014年1月‐2016年12月本院41 298例住院患者进行HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV及抗-TP检测,以了解患者的感染状况。结果在41 298例患者中ELISA法检出HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP、抗-HIV阳性样本3 862例(9.35%),各年度感染性指标总阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);男性患者感染性指标总阳性率高于女性,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且男性HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP、抗-HIV各单项指标阳性率高于女性;随年龄增长,3组年龄段患者感染性指标总阳性率呈增加趋势,三组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在合并多项感染患者中,以乙型肝炎+丙型肝炎最多。结论住院患者治疗前感染性指标存在一定比例的阳性率,HBsAg阳性率最高,抗-HCV、抗-HIV及抗-TP较低,男性感染性指标总阳性率高于女性,年龄≥60岁患者感染指标阳性率较高。     

普外科急诊手术患者术前感染性指标的临床诊断及分析

目的探讨普外科急诊手术术前感染性指标的临床诊断和意义,以期提高医疗安全性。方法随机选取14380例普外科急诊手术患者,在术前均予以感染性指标乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒型抗体(抗-HIV)及梅毒螺旋体抗体(TPAb)检测,分析各项临床意义。结果 HBsAg阳性率为15.22%;抗-HCV阳性率为0.68%;抗-HIV阳性率为0.097%;抗-TP阳性率为1.06%。其中HBsAg和抗-TP阳性以20~40岁的男性居多,抗-HIV呈现平稳中升高趋势。结论普外科急诊手术做好感染性指标可探查患者的体质和手术适应证,另外一方面可防止医疗纠纷。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.