56例儿童颅咽管瘤的显微手术治疗及随访

目的:探讨儿童颅咽管瘤显微手术方法,术后并发症的防治及复发的因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2000年1月至2010年12月儿童颅咽管瘤手术病例56例。分别采用经翼点入路28例(50%)、经额下入路14例(25%)、经前额纵裂入路6例(10.7%),经胼胝体-透明隔间腔-穹隆间入路5例(8.9%),皮层造瘘入路3例(5.3%)。结果:全切除+次全切除38例(67.9%)、大部切除17例(30.4%),围手术期死亡1例(1.7%)。术后并发症主要为尿崩症、血电解质紊乱及癫痫。结论:恰当地选择手术入路、术中娴熟的显微神经外科操作、术后积极防治并发症,是影响颅咽管瘤复发及预后的关键因素。     

56例儿童颅咽管瘤的显微手术治疗及随访

目的：探讨儿童颅咽管瘤显微手术方法,术后并发症的防治及复发的因素。方法：回顾性分析我院2000年1月至2010年12月儿童颅咽管瘤手术病例56例。分别采用经翼点入路28例（50%）、经额下入路14例（25%）、经前额纵裂入路6例（10.7%）,经胼胝体-透明隔间腔-穹隆间入路5例（8.9%）,皮层造瘘入路3例（5.3%）。结果：全切除＋次全切除38例（67.9%）、大部切除17例（30.4%）,围手术期死亡1例（1.7%）。术后并发症主要为尿崩症、血电解质紊乱及癫痫。结论：恰当地选择手术入路、术中娴熟的显微神经外科操作、术后积极防治并发症,是影响颅咽管瘤复发及预后的关键因素。     

儿童颅咽管瘤的手术治疗27例体会

背景与目的：儿童颅咽管瘤是好发于鞍区的良性肿瘤,目前主要的治疗方法是手术切除肿瘤,选择适当的入路既可将肿瘤完整切除又能避免肿瘤周围重要的神经结构损伤,是减少肿瘤复发及术后并发症的关键。我们选择27例手术治疗儿童颅咽管瘤的临床资料以探讨治疗儿童颅咽管瘤的手术入路选择、手术技巧。方法：回顾分析27例儿童颅咽管瘤患者手术治疗的临床资料,总结治疗过程中的体会。结果：27例中肿瘤镜下全切22例,次全切3例,部分切除2例。手术经额硬膜下入路18例,经翼点入路4例,经蝶入路切除3例,经半球间-纵裂入路2例。24例获随访2个月至5年,效果良好者21例,生活需照顾者2例,死亡1例,最常见的术后并发症为垂体功能低下及尿崩。结论：显微外科手术全切颅咽管瘤,效果良好,额下入路能提供鞍上大颅咽管瘤手术切除良好的暴露。     

不同手术入路方式治疗第三脑室颅咽管瘤的疗效比较

目的探讨不同手术入路方式治疗第三脑室颅咽管瘤的临床治疗效果。方法选取2010年3月至2011年3月间收治的70例第三脑室颅咽管瘤患者,按照随机数字法分为A组和B组,每组35例。A组患者给予经皮质-侧脑室入路手术,B组患者给予经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路手术,观察两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果 A组患者肿瘤全切除率为77.1%,B组患者肿瘤全切除率为74.3%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组患者手术时间和术中出血量分别为(127.3±23.5)min和(24.2±7.4)ml,B组患者手术时间和术中出血量分别为(121.6±24.1)min和(23.3±7.2)ml,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组患者术后并发症发生率为20.0%,B组为17.1%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对第三脑室颅咽管瘤患者采取经皮质-侧脑室入路手术和经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路手术治疗均具有较好的应用效果,临床可以选取这两种入路方式进行手术治疗,提高患者的临床治疗效果。     

46例颅咽管瘤显微外科治疗及预后影响因素分析

目的：探讨颅咽管瘤手术入路,影响全切除的因素及术后并发症的防治。方法：回顾性分析本院1995年1月至2005年1月颅咽管瘤手术病例46例。主要临床表现为头痛、视力视野障碍、下丘脑功能障碍、尿崩症。分别采用经翼点20例（43.5%）、经额下12例（26.1%）、经胼胝体-透明隔间腔-穹隆间入路3例（6.5%）,经前额纵裂入路5例（10.9%）,经额叶皮层造瘘-侧脑室室间孔入路2例（4.3%）、翼点联合侧脑室室间孔入路4例（8.6%）切除肿瘤。结果：全切除＋次全切除31例（67.4%）、大部切除15例（32.6%）,围手术期死亡1例（2.2%）。术后并发症主要为尿崩症、血电解质紊乱及癫痫。结论：选择恰当的手术入路、术者娴熟的显微神经外科技术及术中对下丘脑及重要穿支血管的保护、术后并发症积极防治是影响颅咽管瘤预后的关键因素。     

经纵裂经终板入路切除颅咽管瘤：附14例临床分析

背景与目的：颅咽管瘤位置深在,毗邻重要的结构,手术全切肿瘤往往比较困难。本研究探讨经纵裂经终板入路切除颅咽管瘤的手术技巧。方法：回顾性分析了经纵裂经终板入路切除的14例颅咽管瘤的手术经过与疗效,重点讨论了手术入路技术、肿瘤切除技术和垂体柄的保护技术。结果：肿瘤全切除13例（92．8％）,次全切除1例,无手术死亡,术后视力症状（6例）均较术前好转,术后出现的尿量增多与低钠血症持续3—35天,给予垂体后叶素和常效尿崩停（弥凝）均可控制。结论：经纵裂经终板入路是切除颅咽管瘤的有效手术途径。     

21例儿童颅咽管瘤的显微手术治疗

目的总结儿童颅咽管瘤的临床特点及显微手术术后并发症的防治方法。方法回顾性分析21例儿童颅咽管瘤的临床表现、手术方法和术后并发症。结果肿瘤全切除13例（61．9％）,次全切除4例（19．1％）,大部分切除4例（19．1％）。术后尿崩症16例（76．1％）,其中2例为长期性尿崩;7例（33．3％）出现下丘脑损伤症状;意识障碍10例（47．6％）;垂体功能低下15例（71．4％）;癫痫2例（9．5％）。全组无死亡病例。随访32．5个月,3例（14．2％）复发。结论显微手术切除肿瘤是儿童颅咽管瘤的有效治疗措施,术前影像学的详细检查,合适手术入路的选择,术后并发症的及时防治有助于患儿预后的改善。     

儿童颅咽管瘤术后放射治疗临床分析

为探讨儿童颅咽管瘤术后放疗的疗效 ,回顾性分析 1976年 1月至 1992年 8月间收治的儿童颅咽管瘤 48例。 5、10年生存率分别为 89.6 %、5 1.7%。术后放疗剂量 45～ 5 5 Gy组与 5 6～ 6 3Gy组比较 5、10年生存率无差别 ,但疗后生存质量 - 级的比例及并发症方面后者明显增加。 Karnofsky≥ 80者疗效优于≤ 70者 (P<0 .0 1) ,肉眼全切及部分切除加放疗的疗效较分流术加放疗为好。我们建议对儿童颅咽管瘤行术后补充放疗剂量以 45～ 5 5 Gy/ 5～ 6周为宜     

颅咽管瘤24例临床分析

目的：研究颅咽管瘤常见症状及不同的治疗方法与预后的关系。方法：回顾性分析24例颅咽管瘤患者手术切除后放射治疗的结果。结果：24例颅咽管瘤患者全切术后放疗6例，复发1例，5a生存率100％。次全切除术后放疗10例，复发2例，5a生存率90％。部分切除加放疗8例，复发4例，5a生存率62．5％。结论：颅咽管瘤手术加放疗是综合治疗的主要手段，患者的预后与手术切除的程度及放疗剂量有关。     

儿童期颅咽管瘤的诊断与经蝶显微手术治疗

 目的　提高儿童期颅咽管瘤的诊断水平与手术治疗效果。方法　回顾性总结 2 5例颅咽管瘤的诊断措施 ,手术技巧和治疗结果。本组均经 CT或 MRI扫描确诊。手术采取经蝶入路行肿瘤切除术。结果　 1 3例肿瘤获全切除 ;8例次全切除 ;余 4例为部分切除 ,术后无死亡。2 0例获长期随访 (平均 3.6年 ) ,其中 1 7例 (85.0 % )恢复良好 ,3例 (1 5.0 % )肿瘤复发 ,需行再次手术治疗。结论　对儿童期颅咽管瘤采用 CT或 MRI进行诊断并选择合适病例经蝶入路显微手术切除 ,是一种安全、有效的方法。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.