导学式教学模式在呼吸内科教学中的探索研究

导学式教学法是近年来国内兴起的一种启发式教学模式之一。是有利于教学质量提高的可行方法。它与美国当代心理学家杰罗姆．S．布鲁纳于本世纪60年代首先提出的发现式教学法一脉相承。所谓导学是指在坚持以教师为“引导”,以学生为“主体”的前提下,达到教学目标的教学活动程序。“导”是指教师的引导作用,“学”是指学生在教师引导下开展自学和探究,逐渐培养其分析问题、解决问题的能力。启发式教学模式能更好地发掘人的智慧潜力,调动学生思维的积极性,激发学生发现的兴奋感、自信心和学习的兴趣;让学生积极主动地参与教学过程,勇于提出问题、分析问题、解决问题,让学生掌握“会学”“怎么学”“终身学习”的技能。     

在课堂教学中优化学生的学习品质

江苏省南通中学持续了十四年的“导学式教学”研究结题后，作为其后续课题、并被列为省“九五教育科研规划”重点课题的“学习与学习品质研究”开题已经一年了。“导学式教学”研究最重要的成果一是确立了“以人为本的教学思想”，二是确立了学生在学习活动中的主人地位；“学习与学习品质研究”将以此为起点，继续深入探索教学改革新路，并将研究的重心由“教”转移到“学”上来，通过对学生学习活动特征和本质，对学生学习品质的形成、发展、擅变等规律的探求，建立并逐步完善既体现时代要求、又符合我们校请的素质教育的运行机制。我们以…     

医学心理学病案导学式教学法中教师角色的构建

病案导学式教学法以病例为先导、问题为基础,能充分调动教与学的积极性,发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用。文章介绍了病案导学式教学法,探讨了该教学方法在医学心理学教学中的应用,以及教师角色的构建。     

遗传学教学中课堂设问的合理性

课堂设问是遗传学教学中随时随地可用的一种教学方法。一个巧妙的课堂设问可以激发学生积极思维,使其主动投身于遗传学教学活动中,增强其学习内驱力。同时课堂设问也是教学信息反馈的主要途径之一,教师可据此来检查“教”的效果如何,即是否达到了教学目标,进而灵活调整教学结构。通过实际应用我们发现这种教学方法优于“灌注式”教法,可以充分发挥学生在教学过程中的主体作用。但并非任何方式的设问都能达到上述功效,本文就课堂设问的合理性进行分析。1遗传学教学中合理性设问的基本要求1．l明确性课堂设问必须题意清楚、条理分明、…     

病例导学式教学法有利于“实用型”人才的培养

病例导学式教学法与“学导式”教学法不同。当然“学导式”教学法也是一种行事有效的教学法。我们也曾多次试用，因中专的学生年龄较小，知识面狭窄，自学能力差等因素，效果不理想。病例导学式教学法强调以导为主，引导学生在接受知识的同时学会学习，适合中专学生年龄特点和知识结构，笔者多年试用，绝大多数学生认为优于传统式教学法。     

病案导学式教学法在血液科教学中的应用

目的 探讨病案导学式教学法在血液科教学中的应用.方法 以2004级和2005级医疗本科班学生分为对照组和试验组,试验组采取病案导学式教学法,对照组采取传统教学法.结果 考试成绩试验组高于对照组,P＜0.001,有极显著差异.问卷调查结果表明病案导学式教学法能激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生临床思维能力,提高学习效率.结论 病案导学式教学法在血液科教学中优于传统教学方法,值得进一步实践推广.     

实施素质教育改革教学方法

就实施“主体导学式教学法”,落实主体参与,教师相机导学,学生学会学习,加强能力培养,促进学生全面发展等方面进行了探讨。     

"导学式"教学方式对实验课教学效果的影响调查

在我校2002级中专卫生保健专业6个班中随机抽取学业成绩相近的2个班，分别进行病理学实验课传统教学方式和“导学式”教学方式带教，通过2个班期中、期末标本考核和理论考试成绩比较，结果表明“导学式”实验课带教方式优于传统的实验课带教方式。说明“导学式”实验课带教能更好地培养学生主动学习、善于学习的能力，增强学生的学习兴趣，从而提高教学效果。     

人体解剖学课程教学方法探索

教学质量是高等学校的生命线,是学校教学工作的核心,而课堂教学是教学质量监控的重点,对教学质量起决定作用。教师的讲课质量,直接影响整个教学质量。在人体解剖学课程教学中,教师应帮助学生在自主探索和合作交流的过程中真正理解和掌握基本的解剖知识和技能、解剖思想和方法．获得广泛的解剖操作活动的经验。把“以问题为中心”、“以器官系统为中心”的思想应用于实际教学中,广泛开展启发式、参与式、设问式、比喻式等教学方法,紧密联系临床,提高解剖课的吸引力和实效性。     

问题导学式教学法在内科临床见习中应用的探讨

临床见习是理论联系临床实践的桥梁,在医学教学中起着承前启后的作用。作者对河南省汝州市卫生职业中等专业学校95级一1班60名社区医学专业学生的内科临床见习采用了问题导学式教学法,取得显著成效。一、对象与方法问题导学式教学法是以问题为先导、病例为基础、教师为主导、学生为主体,充分调动教与学的积极性,全面培养学生素质的目标教学方法。程序是:接受问题——病例     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.