冠心病患者体内脂质过氧化损伤的临床研究

本文测定了３０例ＣＨＤ患者及２０例健康者血脂、ＬＰＯ、ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ—ＰＸ水平，发现ＣＨＤ患者血浆ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＢ、ＬＰＯ、ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平明显超过健康对照者，而其血浆ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡ１、ＡｐｏＡ１／ＡｐｏＢ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ水平均明显低于健康对照者，并发现ＣＨＤ患者血浆ＬＰＯ水平与ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ、ＡｐｏＢ水平呈明显正相关，与ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ、ＡｐｏＡ１／ＡｐｏＢ水平呈明显负相关。提示ＣＨＤ患者体内存在明显的脂质过氧化损伤，其损伤的严重程度与体内脂质代谢以及抗氧化酶活性水平有关     

尘肺患者血清β－胡萝卜素与抗氧化功能的研究

本研究测定了尘肺病人、慢性支气管炎（慢支）病人及健康成人的血清β－胡萝卜素（ＢＣ）和ＶｉｔＡ含量以及血清脂质过氧化酶（ＬＰＯ）含量，超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性。结果发现，尘肺组血清ＢＣ含量明显低于健康组和慢支组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而血清ＶｉｔＡ含量３个组相近（Ｐ＞０．０５）。与健康组和慢支组比较，尘肺组血ＬＰＯ含量明显升高，ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性则明显降低（Ｐ均＜０．０ｌ）。上述结果提示，尘肺病人抗氧化功能明显减弱可能与血清ＢＣ含量较低有关。     

亚急性一氧化碳中毒致小鼠迟发性学习记忆障碍机制研究

以亚急性ＣＯ中毒小鼠脑组织Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ、ＳＯＤ、ＭＡＯ－Ｂ活性，ＬＰＯ含量以及血皮质醇浓度的变化为观察指标，进行亚急性一氧化碳（ＣＯ）中毒致小鼠迟发性学习记忆障碍的机制研究。结果显示，亚急性ＣＯ中毒小鼠脑组织ＳＯＤ、Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性、ＬＰＯ含量以及血皮质醇浓度均无显著改变；而ＭＡＯ－Ｂ活性明显增加，地塞米松对皮质醇分泌的抑制率大为下降。提示，亚急性ＣＯ中     

微量元素硒对动脉粥样硬化家兔内皮素的影响

用放免分析方法，对服Ｓｅ的动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）家兔血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）水平进行测定。结果表明，Ｓｅ组家兔血浆ＥＴ水平明显低于对照组，同时血清胆固醇（Ｃｈ）、低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）及过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量降低，高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）明显增高，全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）和血清超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活力也明显提高。提示，Ｓｅ可通过抗氧化作用保护内皮细胞免遭过氧化损伤，减少ＥＴ释放，抑制ＡＳ形成和发展。     

矽肺患者含铜酶与血清铜关系的探讨

本文选择矽肺及其合并症患者为研究对象，测定了全血ＳＯＤ的活性、血清Ｃｕ含量、ＣＰ活性及ＬＰＯ水平。结果表明，矽肺及其合并症患者全血ＳＯＤ活性、血清Ｃｕ含量、血清ＣＰ活性及血清ＬＰＯ水平均有明显升高，初步提示了这些生物学指标之间的关系及变化规律。     

矽肺与NO、氧化及脂质过氧化关系的探讨

目的探讨矽肺与ＮＯ及氧化和脂质过氧化的关系。方法检测７３例矽肺患者和６０例健康对照者的血浆ＮＯ、ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、β胡萝卜素（βＣＡＲ）、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨＰｘ）活力和ＬＰＯ含量。结果与对照组比较,矽肺组的血浆ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ、βＣＡＲ含量及红细胞ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＧＳＨＰｘ活力显著降低,血浆ＮＯ、ＬＰＯ含量及红细胞ＬＰＯ含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;各检测值与病程均有相关;血浆ＮＯ、ＶｉｔＥ含量及红细胞ＳＯＤ活力、ＬＰＯ含量与病程相关最密切。结论矽肺患者体内的ＮＯ代谢异常,氧化和脂质过氧化反应病理性加剧。     

支链氨基酸对大鼠心肌缺血损伤的防护作用

目的：观察支链氨基酸（ＢＣＡＡ）对大鼠心肌缺血损伤的预防作用。方法：选用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠３０只，随机分成三个组，每组１０只。Ａ组：正常对照组；Ｂ组：异丙肾上腺素（ＩＳＯ）对照组；Ｃ组：ＩＳＯ＋ＢＣＡＡ组，其中Ｂ、Ｃ组用ＩＳＯ造成大鼠心肌缺血性损伤。用酶试剂盒和原子吸收法测定了血清、心肌中ＬＤＨ、ＧＯＴ、α－ＨＢＤＨ、ＣＫ、ＰＫ的酶活力及心肌中Ｋ＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｃａ２＋离子的含量。结果：Ｂ组大鼠血清和心肌中ＬＤＨ、ＧＯＴ、α－ＨＢＤＨ、ＣＫ、ＰＫ的酶活力均明显升高，心肌中Ｃａ２＋的含量也显著升高，而Ｍｇ２＋的含量明显降低，Ｋ＋含量也有下降的趋势，但变化不显著。Ｃ组大鼠血清中ＬＤＨ、α－ＨＢＤＨ、ＣＫ、ＰＫ的酶活力明显低于Ｂ组，而且ＣＫ的活力接近正常水平；心肌中ＬＤＨ、ＧＯＴ、α－ＨＢＤＨ、ＣＫ的活力均低于Ｂ组并达到正常水平。补充ＢＣＡＡ后能有效地拮抗心肌细胞内钙的增加，使心肌内Ｃａ２＋含量明显低于Ｂ组，与正常对照组无显著差异，但ＢＣＡＡ不能升高受损心肌中Ｍｇ２＋的含量。结论：给予ＢＣＡＡ对心脏缺血性损伤具有一定的防护效果     

苯对作业工人血清中SOD活力及LPO含量影响的研究

９２名油漆工为观察组，５７名行政人员、教师和学生为对照组，观察其白细胞计数（ＷＢＣ）、血清过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的活力。结果；观察组ＷＢＣ异常［低于４０００／ｍｍ３（４×１０９／Ｌ）］检出率高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＳＯＤ活力高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且与ＷＢＣ呈负相关。观察组中ＷＢＣ低于４０００／ｍｍ３（４×１０９／Ｌ）的人群，其血清ＳＯＤ活力高于ＷＢＣ４０００／ｍｍ３以上的人群。在ＷＢＣ高于４０００／ｍｍ３（４×１０９／Ｌ）的人群中，血清ＳＯＤ活力观察组也高于对照组。说明苯对作业工人血清中ＳＯＤ水平有影响，且比较敏感，其意义有待进一步研究。ＬＰＯ两组无差别。Ｐ＜０．０１２．３ＬＰＯ及ＳＯＤ测定结果观察组ＬＰＯ值低于对照组，但统计学处理差异无显著意义。ＳＯＤ活性观察组高于对照组，差异具有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。观察组按工龄及吸烟与否分组，各组间ＳＯＤ活性无显著性差异（表３）。表３观察组与对照组血清ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ测定结果比较＊ｐ＜０．０５２．４ＷＢＣ、ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ之间相关性分析ＳＯＤ与ＬＰＯ之间、ＷＢＣ与ＬＰＯ之间相关关系不明显（ｐ＞０．０５），而ＷＢＣ与ＳＯＤ之间呈负相     

妊娠期脂质过氧化作用与围产儿预后的关系

目的 探讨脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）作用与围产儿预后的关系。方法 选择正常晚期妊娠妇女１０２例和妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症（ＩＣＰ）患者１２６例。分别测定ＬＰＯ和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ）活性；比较新生儿出体重、Ａｐｇａｒ评分和羊水状况。结果 ＩＣＰ组母血ＬＰＯ和ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ均明显高于对照组，二者呈显著正相关。在ＩＣＰ组，宫内生长受限（ＩＵＧＲ），新生儿窒息和羊水异常时，脐血ＬＰＯ浓度均明显增高     

纤维蛋白降解产物、D-二聚体等生化指标用于矽肺早期诊断的探讨

目的 探讨纤维蛋白降解产物（ＦＤＰ）、Ｄ－二聚体（Ｄ－ｄｉｍｅｒ）等指标用于矽肺早期诊断的意义和价值。方法 对无矽肺０＾＋者,Ⅰ期矽肺患者进行六项指标的测定。结果 经方差分析,０＾＋组中铜蓝蛋白（ＣＰ）、血清羟脯氨酸（ＨＹＰ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及ＦＤＰ均高于正常对照组,Ⅰ期组的ＣＰ、ＭＤＡ、ＨＹＰ、Ｄ－ｄｉｍｅｒ水平均高于０＾＋组。判别分析表明,ＣＰ、ＭＤＡ、ＨＹＰ、Ｄ－     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.