侧方入路单孔腹腔镜完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术 (附37例报告)

目的:总结采用侧方入路行单孔腹腔镜完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术的可行性.方法:回顾分析2021年6月至8月完成的37例侧方入路单孔腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术的临床资料,患者平均(51.21±18.0)岁,BMI平均(22.68±2.52)kg/m2.总结分析患者病历资料、疝类型、手术细节及术后情况,归纳手术经验,建立规范六步...     

腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术后再次手术原因探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术后再次手术的原因。方法:总结2007年1月以来798例行腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术患者的临床资料,回顾分析导致腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术后二次手术的原因。结果:798例腹股沟疝患者于全麻下行腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术,术后随访3~36个月,共27例患者因术后复发或手术并发症行二次手术,再手术率3.38%。其中12例术后复发,复发率1.50%;11例为腹股沟斜疝疝囊残端血肿或积液(1.38%);2例腹股沟斜疝于钉合处疼痛(0.25%);直疝术后疝外被盖突出与脂肪瘤各1例(0.13%)。27例患者再次手术后随访6~36个月,恢复良好。结论:腹股沟疝行腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术后并发症(如巨大阴囊疝腔镜下结扎横断疝囊导致的残端血肿或积液)及术后疝复发是再次手术的主要原因。     

单孔腹腔镜完全腹膜外补片修补术治疗成人脐疝13例报告

背景与目的 单孔腹腔镜技术（SILS）目前已被广泛应用于腹部手术中，但在脐疝修补术中的应用鲜见报道。笔者科室在前期成熟开展单孔腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补（TEP）手术的基础上，尝试使用单孔腹腔镜完全腹膜外补片修补术（SIL-TES）治疗成人脐疝并取得一定经验。本文探讨SIL-TES治疗成人脐疝的可行性与疗效。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年8月福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院疝外科13例行SIL-TES治疗的成人脐疝患者资料，其中，男性9例，女性4例，平均年龄为（38.9±6.1）岁，疝环平均直径（2.4±0.6）cm。SIL-TES的基本要求包括：以三孔腹腔镜完全腹膜外补片修补术为基础，配合单孔腹腔镜的操作技巧，扶镜手与主刀的默契配合，合理放置腹腔镜及器械，尽可能减少操作过程中出现的“筷子”效应；需熟练掌握腹壁的多层解剖，避免术中解剖层次错误、腹膜破损，导致补片不能放置于正确层面。结果 13例均顺利完成手术，无中转开放。手术时间平均（138.5±20.9）min，术后3 d疼痛评分2.5±0.9，术后留置引流管平均（4.1±1.1）d。术后平均住院时间3~6 d，中位时间4.1 d，无术区血清肿、出血、切口裂开、切口感染、脐部皮肤坏死、肠梗阻、肠瘘等并发症。平均随访时间（14.7±6.3）个月，无复发及慢性疼痛等。结论 采用SIL-TES治疗成人脐疝是可行的，可作为成人脐疝的补充手术方式，但碍于病例数少、随访时间短，远期疗效需进一步明确。     

免气囊分离器完全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的初步体会（附21例报告）

目的：探讨免气囊分离器完全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术（totally extraperitoneal repair，TEP）的可行性、手术技巧和临床经验。方法：2005年6月至2007年5月为21例患者（23侧）行腹股沟疝免气囊分离器TEP，其中斜疝21侧，直疝、股疝各1侧。结果：所有患者均顺利完成手术，平均手术时间70min，术中平均出血16ml，术后平均住院5d。发生腹壁下血管游离5例次，腹壁气肿5例次，血肿或血清肿4例次，腹膜破损与神经感觉异常各3例次，膀胱损伤1例次。随访2—24个月，无复发。结论：免气囊分离器TEP安全可行，手术难点是正确分离腹膜外置入网片的腔隙。     

改良Kugel 补片修补腹股沟疝106 例临床诊治分析

目的：总结改良式Kugel 补片法前、后入路行腹膜前修补腹股沟疝的临床操作体会及疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2008 年9 月—2010 年6 月采用改良式 Kugel 补片前、后入路腹膜前修补腹股 沟疝106 例临床资料。其中采用局部麻醉30 例, 连续硬膜外麻醉手术76 例。前入路42 例,后入 路64 例。 结果：平均手术时间(50±12) min,切口全部一期愈合,平均住院时间(4.3±1.5)d。手术后随访 1~12 个月, 无复发。 结论：采用改良式 Kugel 补片前后入路行腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术安全有效、术后恢复快、并发症少, 复发率低。并且开放式后入路较前入路方法更优。该手术方法较腹腔镜经腹腔途径腹膜前补片置 入术及全腹膜外补片修补术更具有推广意义。     

腔镜辅助下腹正中小切口完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术临床应用研究

目的:探讨腔镜辅助下腹正中小切口完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2012年2月至2014年2月收治的130例腹股沟疝患者的临床资料,其中斜疝92例,直疝38例;单侧疝110例,双侧疝20例,复发疝12例;均行腹腔镜辅助下腹正中小切口完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术。结果:130例手术均获成功。手术时间平均(33.4±14.2)min,单侧疝手术时间平均(31.4±10.2)min,双侧疝平均(36.4±9.2)min;术后6 h下床活动;术后平均住院(3.96±1.14)d;无切口感染、髂腹股沟神经痛发生,术后切口轻微疼痛,2~3 d消失;3例术后发生切口下积液,经局部穿刺抽取积液后治愈。术后随访0.5~2.0年,均无复发及异物感。结论:腔镜辅助下腹正中小切口完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术操作简单、学习曲线短、费用低、安全性高、术后复发率低、并发症发生率低,效果良好,尤其适合双侧疝、复发疝及基层医院。     

剑脐入路内镜全腹膜外腹膜前修补术在上腹中线腹壁疝中的应用

目的内镜完全腹膜外Sublay(totally extraperitoneal Sublay,TES)修补是近年治疗腹壁疝的新进展,腹膜前层面修补有助于进一步减轻腹壁创伤。笔者描述了剑脐入路内镜下全腹膜外途径的腹膜前修补上腹中线腹壁疝的初步尝试。 方法回顾2019年10月至2020年4月采用该项手术的9例患者,记录与分析患者资料、疝与手术情况、术后情况与短期随访结果。 结果9例患者均完成修补,手术时间(128±54)min,术后恢复快,无患者因并发症再次入院。无术中、术后严重并发症发生,仅1例术后发生血清肿。短期随访期间(2～6个月)无术区感染、疼痛、穿刺孔疝与复发等。 结论腹膜前修补有助于进一步降低TES修补对腹壁的创伤;与耻骨上入路比较,剑脐入路能更方便进行中、上腹小型腹壁疝的腹膜前修补。     

头侧入路的内镜下全腹膜外疝修补术治疗原发性腹壁疝的临床研究

目的探讨治疗原发性腹壁疝的微创新方法——头侧入路的内镜下全腹膜外疝修补术（TEA）的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2019年11月至2020年1月,南方医科大学附属何贤纪念医院患者2例,河南中医药大学第一附属医院患者1例,河南省商丘市睢县中医院患者2例,郑州市第七人民医院患者1例,共6例接受头侧入路的TEA手术的原发性脐疝患者的临床资料。阐述手术操作流程及技术细节,分析其可行性和有效性。 结果6例患者术中均成功分离中上腹腹膜外空间并置入大张网片加强修复脐疝缺损,手术均获得成功,无中转开放手术。平均手术时间164 min（120～240 min）。术后伤口疼痛较轻,且术后第1天平均疼痛视觉模拟评分2.2分（2～3分）。术后平均住院时间2.2 d（2～3 d）。术后1例出现脐部少量血清肿,观察后自愈,未影响手术效果。术后随访时间6～15周,未发现复发患者。 结论头侧入路的TEA术式是安全可行的,可作为治疗中线原发性腹壁疝的一个选择,同时也是对TEA术式的一个补充。此术式扩大了TEA技术的适应证,避免了腹腔内置片修补术的弊端,值得向经验丰富的腔镜疝外科医师有限度推广。     

完全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术中出血的原因分析及处理

目的 探讨完全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术(total extraperitoneal,TEP)术中出血的原因及处理.方法 回顾性分析我院2010年10月～2012年12月5例TEP术中出血的临床资料.结果 1例“死亡冠”出血中转开放手术止血,2例腹壁下动脉、1例耻骨梳韧带、1例耻骨后静脉丛出血,均成功腔镜下止血成功完成手术.5例术后3个月随访,疝无复发.结论 TEP术中出血主要是外科医生相对不熟悉腔镜修补腹股沟疝的肌耻骨孔后入路的解剖致误操作所致;手术医生应熟悉解剖,手术发生血管并发症时,应冷静、及时分析原因并正确处理,才能确切止血,保证手术成功.     

开放手术治疗中小型腹壁切口疝的临床研究

目的:探讨开放手术在治疗中小型腹壁切口疝手术中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月—2018年1月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的110例中小型腹壁切口疝行疝修补术患者的临床资料,按手术方式不同分为开放组( n＝57),腔镜组( n＝53),开放组采用前入路腹膜外补片置入术行切口疝修补,腔镜组采...     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.