甲壳胺胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨甲壳胺胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法免疫实验采用0.045、0.45、1.35g/kg剂量的甲壳胺胶囊,小鼠经口灌胃30d,分别测定免疫器官脏器/体质量比值、半数溶血值、抗体生成细胞数、ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化实验、迟发型变态反应和碳廓清实验、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验、NK细胞活性。结果与阴性对照组比较,1.35g/kg剂量能提高小鼠的半数溶血值(HC50)、小鼠抗体生成细胞数,1.35、0.45g/kg剂量能增强小鼠的迟发型变态反应能力。3个剂量对小鼠体质量增长、胸腺体质量比值、脾脏体质量比值、小鼠单核-巨噬细胞碳廓清能力、Co-nA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力、NK细胞活性均无影响。结论甲壳胺胶囊有增强免疫力的作用。     

合益胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 研究合益胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法 180只雌性昆明种小鼠随机分成5组。即低、中、高荆量组、阴性对照组和中剂量配料对照组,前3组分别给予333mg／（kg·bw）,667mg／（kg·bw）、1000mg／（kg·bw）的合益胶囊,阴性对照组和中剂量配料对照组给予蒸馏水,连续灌胃30天后分为3个亚组。分别进行以下试验：脏器／体重比值、迟发型变态反应试验（DTH）、抗体生成细胞检测、半数溶血值（HC50）测定、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验、NK细胞活性测定、小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验和小鼠碳廓清试验。结果 合益胶囊中剂量组能使SRBC所致的小鼠足跖肿胀度增加,高剂量组能明显增强小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖能力,低、高剂量组能使小鼠溶血空斑数目明显增加（P目〈0．05）;各剂量组对其它各组试验结果均无明显影响（P均〉O．05）。结论 合益胶囊对小鼠免疫功能有调节作用。     

雷公藤红素对小鼠的免疫抑制作用及其对IL-6mRNA表达影响的研究

目的：研究雷公藤红素对小鼠的免疫抑制作用及对细胞因子IL-6mRNA表达的影响。方法：采用碳粒廓清、迟发型变态反应、血清溶血素测定和T淋巴细胞转化实验，观察雷公藤红素对小鼠免疫功能的影响；运用RT—PCR半定量法研究雷公藤红素对小鼠肝脏IL-6mRNA表达影响。结果：雷公藤红素能抑制小鼠血清溶血素水平（400μg／kg），且与剂量呈依赖关系；小鼠耳廓肿胀度研究表明，雷公藤红素能使迟发型变态反应程度减轻（400μg／kg）；雷公藤红素剂量在0．25μg／mL时，可以明显抑制植物血凝素（PHA）诱导的细胞增殖；雷公藤红素800μg／kg能对抗CCl4引起的急性肝损伤小鼠肝脏IL-6mRNA含量的升高。结论：雷公藤红素在一定程度上能抑制小鼠的免疫功能，能抑制炎症细胞因子IL-6基因的过度表达．     

蜂王浆软胶囊增强免疫力功能试验研究

目的观察蜂王浆软胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法以小鼠连续灌胃30d为实验对象,检测蜂王浆软胶囊对小鼠碳廓清能力、迟发型变态反应、抗体生成细胞数、血清溶血素水平、巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力、NK细胞活性及刀豆蛋白A(Concanavalin,ConA)诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力等免疫指标。结果蜂王浆软胶囊对胸腺指数、碳廓清能力、迟发型变态反应、抗体生成细胞数、HC50、巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力、NK细胞活性及ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化均有显著作用。结论蜂王浆软胶囊能增强小鼠免疫力。     

全蝎酶解物增强小鼠免疫功能的研究

目的基于半仿生技术,探究全蝎酶解物是否能增强小鼠免疫力。方法通过小鼠迟发型反应、抗体生成细胞、血清溶血素、碳廓清实验、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验、NK细胞活性实验,考察其对小鼠免疫力的影响。结果与对照组相比,全蝎酶解物高、中、低剂量组均能显著增加小鼠迟发型变态反应(P<0.05),单核-巨噬细胞碳廓清中剂量组,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验高、低剂量组,NK细胞活性高剂量组,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3个剂量组对小鼠体质量、脾脏与胸腺系数、小鼠抗体生成细胞以及小鼠血清溶血素能力影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全蝎酶解物具有一定的增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

八宝颗粒剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究康姜牌八宝颗粒剂对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法将小鼠随机分为两组比较疗效。治疗组口服给予不同剂量的八宝颗粒剂（分别为2000mg／（kg·bw）、4000mg／（kg·bw）和12000mg／（kg·bw）），对照组采用生理盐水灌服。观察八宝颗粒剂对小鼠刀豆球蛋白（ConA）诱导的脾淋巴细胞转化、抗体生成细胞（溶血空斑数）、NK细胞的作用。结果康美牌八宝颗粒剂可促进ConA诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖．促进小鼠抗体生成细胞的形成，提高NK细胞的活性。结论康美牌八宝颗粒剂可明显增强小鼠免疫能力。     

破壁松花粉对调节免疫功能的影响

目的：观察破壁松花粉在小鼠体内的调节免疫作用．方法：将小鼠随机分为阴性对照组（纯化水）和低、中、高三个剂量组，分别给予0．25，0．5．1．5g^-1起“体重，相当于人体临床用量的5，10，30倍。结果：与阴性对照组比较，松花粉中、高两个剂量组小鼠血清溶血素抗体积数水平、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力、小鼠NK细胞活性、小鼠抗体生成（溶血空斑数）和ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化，高剂量组二硝基氟苯诱导小鼠迟发型变态反应中小鼠左右耳的差值，差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）；而小鼠胸腺指数、牌指数和阴性对照组比较，差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：破壁松花粉有调节免疫功能的作用。     

灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:研究灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液对环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制小鼠的非特异性免疫功能、体液免疫功能、细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:小鼠腹腔注射80mg/kg环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制小鼠模型,灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液连续供应30d,每天1次。测定小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞功能、外周血白细胞数目、NK细胞活性、白介素-1(IL-1)活性、白介素-2(IL-2)活性、TNF-α活性、半数血清溶血素、抗体生成细胞、T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力、迟发型变态反应。结果:灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液各剂量组(低剂量组:灵芝多糖2.5mg/kg+硒5μg/kg;中剂量组:灵芝多糖5mg/kg+硒10μg/kg;高剂量组:灵芝多糖15mg/kg+硒30μg/kg)均可提高外周血白细胞数目、提高半数溶血素值,低剂量组增强IL-1活性,中剂量组增强IL-2活性,高剂量组和中剂量组增强T、B淋巴细胞的增殖能力、NK细胞活性、TNF-α活性,高剂量组增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、碳粒廓清值、提高抗体生成细胞、增强迟发型变态反应。结论:灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能具有改善作用。     

贻贝多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

目的探讨贻贝多糖对小鼠的免疫调节功能的影响。方法贻贝多糖67、133和400 mg.kg-1灌胃给药,通过小鼠免疫器官重量测定、碳廓清实验、血清溶血素测定、迟发型变态反应(DTH)和NK细胞活性测定,研究贻贝多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果贻贝多糖可增强小鼠迟发型变态反应及吞噬作用,血清半数溶血值(HC50)显著升高。NK细胞活性却无显著变化。结论贻贝多糖能增强小鼠的免疫调节功能。     

调理冲剂免疫调节作用研究

目的　 观察某调理冲剂的免疫调节作用。 方法　体重、脏器 /体重比值 (脾脏 /体重、胸腺 /体重 )、小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验、迟发型变态反应 (足跖增厚法 )、血清凝血素实验、抗体生成细胞数、碳廓清实验、巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验、NK细胞活性测定。 结果　经口连续给予小鼠不同剂量的调理冲剂 30d ,对小鼠的体重、脏器 /体重比值、碳廓清能力、ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化无明显作用 (P >0 0 5 ) ;对小鼠的半数凝血值、迟发型变态反应、抗体生成细胞数、巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力、NK细胞活性有明显作用 (P <0 0 5 )。 结论　提示该调理冲剂具有免疫调节作用     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.