胎儿脐静脉壁组织结构增龄性变化的定量分析

目的 :探讨胎儿脐带静脉随胎龄变化的形态学改变 ,为临床挑选适当的血管代用品提供科学的理论依据。方法 :3 3例新鲜脐带 ,常规石蜡包埋、切片、HE染组织结构 ,Weigert,AnilineBlue及桔黄G分染弹性纤维 ,胶原纤维和平滑肌 ,光镜观察及计算机图像分析。结果 :随胎龄随长 ,脐静脉管径、中膜厚度、中膜弹性纤维含量逐渐增多 ;平滑肌含量及细胞核的数密度和面密度在 3 7～ 40周最大 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,胶原纤维则最小 ,因而此时段顺应性最好。结论 :脐静脉管壁中各成分的含量随胎龄变化呈不等比增长 ,3 7～ 40周时血管顺应性最好。建议选用此时段胎龄的脐静脉作为移植材料。     

胎儿静脉壁组织结构增龄性变化的定量分析

目的：探讨胎儿脐带静脉随胎龄变化的形态学改变，为临床挑选适当的血管代用品提供科学的理论依据。方法：33例新鲜脐带，常规石蜡包埋、切片、HE染组织结构，Weigert,Aniline Blue及桔黄G分染弹性纤维，胶原纤维和平滑肌，光镜观察及计算机图像分析。结果：随胎龄随长，脐静脉管径、中膜厚度、中膜弹性纤维含量逐渐增多；平滑肌含量及细胞核的数密度和面密度在37－40周最大（P＜0．05），胶原纤维则最小，因而此时段顺应性最好。结论：脐静脉管壁中各成分的含量随胎龄变化呈不等比增长，37－40周时血管顺应性最好。建议选用此时段胎龄的脐静脉作为移植材料。     

妊高征患者胎儿脐静脉中膜平滑肌的形态变化

目的研究妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者胎儿不同段脐静脉中膜及其平滑肌形态的改变情况,探讨妊高征和脐静脉中膜平滑肌的关系。方法收集胎儿脐带36条,其中正常孕妇17例,妊高征患者19例(轻度子痫前期患者9例,重度子痫前期患者6例,子痫患者4例),取不同段(胎盘端,中间段,胎儿端)的脐带组织进行常规脱水、包埋、切片及染色。采用数码显微镜进行显微摄像,计算机图像分析软件测试不同段脐静脉的中膜厚度、平滑肌面积、平滑肌细胞核的数密度和面密度,并对测试结果进行分析比较。结果从胎盘端到胎儿端,脐静脉中膜厚度逐渐减小(P0.05),而平滑肌面积、平滑肌细胞核面密度和数密度的差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。与正常孕妇相比,妊高征患者胎儿的脐静脉中膜厚度、平滑肌细胞核面密度和数密度明显增大,并随病情严重程度逐步加剧(P0.05);而中膜平滑肌面积的差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论妊高征患者胎儿脐静脉平滑肌增殖导致中膜明显增厚,其原因可能是对高血压的一种适应性代偿反应。     

人脐静脉组织构筑及其临床应用价值

本研究旨在为脐带静脉作为小口径移植材料的临床应用提供理论依据。采用胎龄在 2 4～ 4 2周脐带静脉 5 0例 ,常规石蜡包埋、切片。用HE法、Weigert法、苯胺蓝法及桔黄G法分别染组织结构、弹性纤维 胶原纤维和平滑肌。光镜观察后 ,用计算机图像分析系统测量其中膜显微结构成分的相对含量。随胎龄增加 ,脐带静脉中膜弹性纤维含量逐渐增多 ,胶原纤维含量及C/E值逐渐减少 (P <0 0 1)。近段胶原纤维含量比远段少 (P <0 0 1) ,由近段到远段C/E值逐渐增大。脐带静脉具有与普通中等动脉相似的结构 ,作为小口径动脉移植的替代材料是可行的 ,建议选用胎龄在 37～ 4 0周之间的脐带静脉作为临床应用的移植材料。同时应注意选择不同段脐带静脉 ,使移植材料与宿主血管间的组织构筑尽可能相近 ,以提高移植血管的远期通畅率。     

人脐动脉平滑肌细胞培养及转染TFPI基因的实验研究

目的 探讨组织因子途径抑制因子（TFPI）基因对人脐动脉血管平滑肌细胞生长的影响,为TFPI基因用于血管再狭窄的治疗提供理论依据和实验基础.方法 从人脐动脉分离平滑肌细胞,通过免疫组化方法进行细胞鉴定;用不同剂量pIRES-TFPI基因（分别为1,2,3 μg/mL）转染血管平滑肌细胞,采用RT-PCR测定细胞内TFPI表达以优化基因转染条件;通过MTT法测定TFPI基因对人脐动脉血管平滑肌细胞生长的影响.结果 分离得到的血管平滑肌细胞的纯度高于90%;3个剂量的基因转染后,细胞内TFPI基因的表达水平无明显差异.采用2 μg/mL转染剂量时,TFPI基因转染后第5天,脐动脉血管平滑肌的生长受到明显抑制.结论 通过基因转染的方式将TFPI基因导入细胞对人脐动脉平滑肌的增殖具有抑制作用.     

米非司酮对人脐静脉平滑肌雌、孕激素受体的影响

目的:探讨米非司酮对脐静脉平滑肌组织雌、孕激素受体(ER、PR)的影响。方法:将有终止妊娠指征的中孕病例随机分为米非司酮组(n=10)与对照组(n=5)。米非司酮组在水囊引产术前6h服用米非司酮150mg,对照组只行水囊引产术。胎盘娩出后,即取脐带组织制备样品。应用免疫组化法检测脐静脉平滑肌组织的ER与PR,并结合图像分析技术进行定量分析,用阳性单位(PU)值表示免疫组化阳性反应程度。结果:ER、PR的阳性染色部位为脐静脉平滑肌细胞核。米非司酮组脐静脉平滑肌ER含量(13.87±1.42)明显多于对照组(10.31±0.76),PR含量(3.84±0.48)则明显少于对照组(6.55±0.36),P值均小于0.01。结论:米非司酮可减少脐静脉平滑肌PR含量,因而造成的血管收缩可能危及胎儿的成长和生存。     

肝门静脉高压症猪肝门静脉的结构重建

目的:建立猪肝门静脉高压症模型,探讨肝门静脉高压症时肝门静脉的结构重建.方法:猪以四氯化碳、苯巴比妥、乙醇配合高脂、低蛋白、低胆碱饮食进行混合饲养.通过脾静脉插管测压,取门静脉常规石蜡包埋、切片,用H-E 染色法、Weigert法、Aniline blue法、Organge G法分别染组织结构、弹性纤维、胶原纤维和平滑肌,用计算机图像分析系统定量分析肝门静脉的几何形态及显微成分.结果:实验组肝门静脉压为(4.17±1.03)kPa,而正常组为(1.51±0.79)kPa,实验组门静脉的内膜与中膜增厚,管壁增厚,管径增粗,平滑肌、胶原纤维的百分含量增加,平滑肌细胞核的数密度和面密度也在增加,C/E值增加.结论:肝门静脉高压症时,与血液动力学改变相适应,肝门静脉的几何形态与显微结构成分均发生了改变.     

伴有高血压的糖尿病大鼠主动脉的结构重建

目的 :观察伴有高血压的糖尿病 (SHRDM)主动脉结构重建的规律 ,并探讨高血糖、高血压对其影响。方法 :STZ诱导SHR大鼠建立SHRDM实验动物模型 ,。观测主动脉血管壁中膜结构成分的改变。结果 :SDDM(有高血压的糖尿病 )大鼠自 4周始主动脉中膜平滑肌相对含量和核密度、胶原纤维相对含量均大于SD组 ,弹性纤维相对含量少于SD组。SHRDM组主动脉平滑肌相对面积、C/E值大于SD和SHR组 ,但SMC核数少于SDDM ,多于SHR。结论 :糖尿病早期已出现主动脉结构重建 ,以平滑肌增生为主 ;高血压使平滑肌细胞肥大为主 ,因而SHRDM增生、肥大共存。高血压、高血糖均显著影响主动脉结构重建 ,高血压影响大于高血糖。     

RNA干扰内皮细胞分泌白细胞介素6影响平滑肌细胞的迁移

背景：血管支架置入后靶血管部位易发生炎症反应。 目的：利用siRNA技术抑制内皮细胞白细胞介素6的生成,观察其对平滑肌细胞迁移的影响。 方法：采用RT-PCR测定脂多糖刺激EA.HY926细胞表达白细胞介素6 mRNA的时间梯度与浓度梯度,针对白细胞介素6构建短发卡状siRNA真核表达载体pGensil-1.1-白细胞介素6,通过lipofectamine 2000转染EA.HY926,抑制其白细胞介素6的产生。 结果与结论：pGensil-1.1-白细胞介素6转染EA.HY926细胞后,脂多糖刺激下EA.HY926细胞表达的白细胞介素6 mRNA及蛋白明显减少。共培养模型中,转染pGensil-1.1-白细胞介素6的EA.HY926细胞作用下,人脐静脉平滑肌细胞表达的基质金属蛋白酶9 mRNA及蛋白明显降低,结晶紫染色显示人脐静脉平滑肌细胞迁移数量减少。说明siRNA技术可抑制内皮细胞白细胞介素6的生成,并通过降低平滑肌细胞基质金属蛋白酶9的表达减弱平滑肌细胞的迁移能力。     

大白鼠颈总动脉内弹性膜的年龄变化

本文应用光镜、透射电镜对内弹性膜的年龄变化进行定性分析,结果发现:随增龄,内弹性膜变薄,管腔面出现放射状变性,内弹性膜断裂、复制;其内弹性纤维的周围部减少甚至消失;内皮细胞、中膜平滑肌细胞穿过内弹性膜的现象增多。     

The histology and histomorphometry of umbilical cord cross section in preeclampsia and normal pregnancies: a comparative study

ABSTRACT

The umbilical cord is the connecting link between the mother and the fetus and its morphology is an indicator of fetal well-being. Preeclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy associated with new-onset hypertension, which occurs most often after 20 weeks of gestation. There are structural differences in the umbilical cord of normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women. This research aimed to study the histology and histomorphometry of umbilical cord areas in preeclampsia and compare the parameters with normal uncomplicated pregnancies of gestational age 37–40 weeks. A total of 70 umbilical cords were studied from preeclampsia (n = 35) and normal (n = 35) pregnancies. The parameters studied included cross-sectional areas (CSA) of umbilical cord, umbilical vein lumen, umbilical vein wall, umbilical artery lumen, umbilical artery wall, and Wharton’s jelly, including the presence of edema in the vessel walls and Wharton’s jelly and basement membrane thickening. The mean umbilical cord CSA was significantly higher in preeclampsia (p = 0.014). The mean umbilical artery lumen CSA was significantly lower than the normal pregnancy cords (p = 0.006). The mean Wharton’s jelly CSA in preeclampsia was significantly higher than the normal pregnancy cords (p = 0.004). The parameters for umbilical vein lumen CSA, umbilical vein wall CSA, and umbilical artery wall CSA did not show any significant difference. Histological findings were edema (p < 0.001) and thickened basement membranes (p < 0.0001) were considered significant.     

不同段脐带静脉组织结构的定量分析及其临床意义

目的：对不同段脐带静脉的几何形态和显微结构成分的比较，为脐带静脉移植的临床应用提供形态学依据。方法：采用自然分娩正常胎儿脐带静脉20例，常规石蜡包埋、切片。用HE法、weigert法、苯胺蓝法及桔黄G法分别染组织结构、弹性纤维胶原纤维和平滑肌。用计算机图像分析系统测量脐带静脉的几何形态及显微结构成分的含量。结果：从近段到远段，脐带静脉中膜厚度及外径值逐渐减小。胶原纤维的相对含量近段比远段少，由近段到远段C／E值逐渐增大。结论：脐带静脉可作为小口径动脉移植的替代材料。但移植时，应注意选择不同段脐带静脉，使之与宿主血管匹配。     

不同段脐带静脉的生物力学特性及其临床应用价值

目的 :为脐带静脉作为小口径移植材料的临床应用提供理论依据。方法 :采用胎龄在 3 7～ 40周自然分娩正常胎儿脐带静脉 2 0例 ,在生物软组织力学试验机上测定不同段脐带静脉的压力 -直径关系 ,计算出弹性模量。横断取材 ,冰冻切片 ,HE法染色 ,用计算机图像分析系统测量其几何形态学指标。结果 :近、中、远段脐带静脉的Einc、Ep和Ev均随压力的上升而增大 ,近段 3种弹性模量均低于远段 (P <0 .0 1) ,由近段到远段呈增大趋势。中膜厚度及外径值从近段到远段逐渐减小。结论 :脐带静脉作为小口径动脉移植的替代材料是可行的 ,在血管移植时 ,应注意选择不同段脐带静脉 ,使作为移植材料的脐带静脉与宿主血管材料间的生物力学特性尽量相近 ,以提高移植血管的远期通畅率     

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of the endothelia of human umbilical vein and arteries and assessment for the adherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes

Infection with Plasmodium falciparum during pregnancy leads to chondroitin 4-sulfate-mediated adhesion of the infected red blood cells (IRBCs) in the placenta, causing severe health complications to fetus and the mother. The IRBCs are also frequently found in low density in the umbilical cord of infected placentas. In this study, the CSPGs of umbilical vein and arteries were purified, characterized, and their localization and IRBC-binding abilities were studied. While a versican type CSPG was found both in the vein and arteries, a serglycin type CSPG was present exclusively in the vein. The CSPGs were present at significant level on the endothelial surface of the umbilical vein but not on that of arteries. Although the purified versican and serglycin type CSPGs could bind IRBCs, their binding abilities were significantly less compared to the low sulfated CSPGs of the placenta because of the predominance of 6-sulfated disaccharide moieties in the CS chains. Therefore, IRBCs were unable to bind efficiently onto the umbilical cord endothelial surface. Unexpectedly, however, the IRBCs adhered densely in the blood vessels of fetal villi in the placental tissue sections and sparingly in the blood spaces of the umbilical cord vein, presumably because the CSPG that can efficiently bind IRBCs is present at high levels in the fetal blood vessels and at very low levels in the umbilical cord blood vessels. Since the C4S-adherent IRBCs that enter the fetal blood vessels cannot adhere to the cord endothelial surface and parasites cannot efficiently grow due to fetal hemoglobin toxicity and protection by maternal antibodies, transplacental infection may be quickly cleared without clinical episodes.     

不同细胞接种浓度影响人脐带间充质干细胞生长及多向分化

背景：在干细胞培养过程中寻找合理的细胞接种浓度,从而得到能稳定、高效生长的干细胞非常重要。 目的：观察不同接种浓度对人脐带间充质干细胞原代培养及分化为神经元样、胰岛样、脂肪样细胞的影响。 方法：分离人脐静脉内皮及内皮下层细胞,按不同接种浓度分组进行原代培养,记录原代培养时间并进行传代。取第1代人脐带间充质干细胞,体外诱导其向神经元样、胰岛样、脂肪样细胞分化。 结果与结论：原代培养发现以5×105~1×106/cm2细胞浓度接种的人脐带间充质干细胞生长状态最佳。经β-巯基乙醇诱导6 h,细胞即表达Nestin、神经丝蛋白及胶质纤维酸性蛋白;经尼克酰胺,活化素A,胰高血糖素样肽1诱导21 d可见明显的胰岛样细胞团,双硫腙染色呈砖红色;经成脂诱导培养基诱导后细胞油红O染色阳性,有明显脂滴出现。可见选取合适的细胞浓度可以快速获得大量的人脐带间充质干细胞,且该细胞经体外诱导可向神经元样、胰岛样及脂肪样细胞分化。关键词：细胞浓度;脐带间充质干细胞;原代培养;分化;神经元样细胞;胰岛样细胞;脂肪样细胞 缩略语注释：MSCs：mesenchymal stem cells,间充质干细胞 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.14.016     

Pregnancy‐Induced Hypertension is Associated With Altered Anatomical Patterns of Hyrtl's Anastomosis

Umbilical arteries carry the blood from the fetus to the placenta and are typically connected by Hyrtl's anastomosis, a connection that is located near where the umbilical cord meets the placenta. The investigation of the anastomosis in pathological conditions, including pregnancy‐induced hypertension is limited. Hence, 200 placenta and umbilical cords, 100 from normotensive and 100 from pregnancy‐induced hypertensive subjects, were dissected and measurements were recorded. A single anastomosis between the umbilical arteries was observed in167 specimens. In 16 cases, the two umbilical arteries were fused, in 15 cases there was no anastomosis, and in two cases there was a single umbilical artery. In one specimen from a normotensive case, a double anastomosis was observed. To our knowledge this is only the second report of this rare anatomical variant. When an anastomosis is present, the connecting vessel can be transverse to or form an oblique angle with the umbilical arteries. We observed a striking increase in the number of artery pairs connected by a transverse vessel in specimens from hypertensive subjects relative to those from normotensive subjects. Moreover, placentas from hypertensive donors were small if the umbilical arteries were connected by an oblique anastomosis. In addition, the length of the anastomosis and its distance from the cord insertion was shorter in specimens from hypertensive compared to normotensive subjects. We conclude that pregnancy‐induced hypertension alters the anatomy of Hyrtl's anastomosis, and in some circumstances, the placenta. Anat Rec, 297:819–825, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Localization of glycogen in the human placenta

Summary Glycogen was determined by the Bauer-Feulgen method in the chorion and placenta of 4- to 40-weeks-pregnant women. It could be detected through the whole pregnancy in the ectodermal epithelium of the amnion and mesenchymal cells of the chorion laeve, extraplacental chorion, and amnion. Glycogen was also found throughout the entire cross section of the umbilical cord up to the 16th week inclusive; at the 20th week of pregnancy glycogen was determined only in the wall of the umbilical vessels with an insignificant spread beyond the muscular layer of the umbilical vein. With the progress of pregnancy the amount of glycogen in the cellular nodules increased, but in the last third of pregnancy, with the rise of the fibrinoid content, the amount of glycogen in the cellular nodules began to drop; at the 40th week of pregnancy it could be detected only in small amounts between the cells. The glycogen level in the stroma of the villi was low at first, but rose later; large amounts of glycogen were found in the stroma of the larger and stem villi during the last half of pregnancy; it was almost entirely absent in the stroma of smaller villi. Glycogen was revealed in the Langhans' cells throughout the whole period of pregnancy, whereas in the syncitial layer of the trophoblast it was absent altogether.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR N. A. Kraevskii) Translated from Byullenten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 50, No. 9, pp. 112–116, September, 1960.     

人脐静脉来源的间质干细胞体外分离扩增及多向分化的研究

目的： 探讨人脐静脉来源的间质干细胞(MSCs) 的体外分离、纯化、扩增和多向分化条件。 方法： 无菌条件下取正常人脐静脉,1%胶原酶Ⅱ消化脐静脉细胞，以IMDM作为培养基进行培养和纯化细胞，瑞氏染色和电镜观察形态；FACS检测其免疫表型和细胞周期；体外诱导成骨细胞、脂肪细胞分化，von Kossa染色、油红O染色和RT-PCR检测骨钙蛋白、脂蛋白脂酶mRNA的表达以检测细胞向成骨、成脂肪细胞分化情况。 结果： 脐静脉来源的细胞呈纤维样贴壁生长，瑞氏染色和电镜观察具有MSCs特征；FACS检测结果显示, 表达MSCs相关的抗原CD29、CD44、CD105，而CD31、CD13、CD34、CD45、HLA-DR为阴性；体外诱导成骨细胞、脂肪细胞分化成功。 结论： 人脐静脉来源的MSCs的细胞形态、生长特性、免疫表型、多向分化能力与骨髓来源的MSCs相似，可作为满足实验和临床需要的MSCs来源。     

过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体激活物对ox-LDL诱导内皮细胞c-fos表达的影响

目的 观察过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体α激活物K877对氧化型低密度脂蛋白所诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞c-fos基因表达的影响及机制。方法 体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,采取氧化型低密度脂蛋白刺激,应用K877干预,逆转录聚合酶链反应检测c-fos基因的表达。结果 与对照组比较,氧化型低密度脂蛋白组c-fos基因表达增加（P＜0.05）;与氧化型低密度脂蛋白组比较,K877组c-fos基因表达减少（P＜0.05）;与K877组比较,K877联合多聚肌甘酸c-fos基因表达进一步下降（P＜0.05）。结论 氧化低密度脂蛋白促进了人脐静脉内皮细胞c-fos基因的表达,过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体α激活物K877可抑制c-fos基因的表达,血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体1参与了该过程。