细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗治疗结直肠癌腹膜转移癌病例对照研究

  目的  分析细胞减灭术（CRS）加术中腹腔热灌注化疗术（HIPEC）对结直肠癌腹膜转移癌的疗效及安全性。  方法  课题设计为回顾性病例对照研究, 收集结直肠癌腹膜转移癌（CRC PC）患者资料, 按临床病理参数匹配原则, 分为CRS组（CRS+术后全身化疗）29例, HIPEC组（CRS+HIPEC+术后全身化疗）33例。分析两组的总体生存期（OS）及严重不良事件（SAE）。  结果  两组患者临床病理学特征均衡可比, 术中PCI评分及器官/腹膜切除情况相似。两组中位随访时间分别为41.9个月（6.5~110.0个月）和32.0个月（10.5~95.9个月）, OS分别为8.5个月（95% CI: 4.9~12.1个月）和14.5个月（95% CI: 11.9~17.1月）（P=0.007）。术后30天内CRS组3例发生SAE, HIPEC组9例（P=0.126）。多因素分析显示, HIPEC、CC 0~1分、术后化疗周期≥6个周期为改善生存的独立预后因素。  结论  CRS+HIPEC可改善CRCPC患者生存期, SAE无显著增加, 安全性可接受。      

倾向性评分匹配评估肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗晚期卵巢癌的疗效

  目的  探讨传统减瘤术与肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery,CRS）联合术中腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitone-al chemotherapy,HIPEC）治疗上皮性卵巢癌腹膜转移（peritoneal carcinomatosis of epithelial ovarian cancer,EOCPC）的疗效。  方法  收集2004年5月至2019年5月186例于首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院行手术切除的卵巢癌患者的临床病理资料,采用倾向性评分匹配（propensity score matching,PSM）2:1匹配后,纳入133例EOCPC患者,分为行传统减瘤术80例为对照组、行CRS+HIPEC53例为研究组,并行亚组分析。比较两组中位生存期（median overall survival,mOS）。  结果  研究组患者mOS显著长于对照组（87.3个月vs.25.2个月,P=0.002）,5年生存率为对照组2.5倍（46.5% vs.18.3%,P=0.003）,3、4年生存率均为对照组1.9倍（70.0% vs.36.7%,P=0.016）。亚组分析显示,达到满意肿瘤细胞减灭研究组mOS较对照组显著延长（118.1个月vs.70.7个月,P=0.024）;未达到满意肿瘤细胞减灭研究组mOS显著长于对照组（87.3个月vs.23.1个月,P=0.028）。  结论  标准化、规范化CRS+HIPEC为治疗EOCPC的必要措施,可为患者带来显著的生存获益。      

肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注治疗恶性腹膜间皮瘤的并发症及危险因素分析

目的：分析肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery,CRS）联合腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC）治疗恶性腹膜间皮瘤（malignant peritoneal mesothelioma,MPM）的并发症及其影响因素，预防严重不良事件（serious adverse events,SAEs）发生。方法：收集2015年4月至2022年11月在首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院行CRS+HIPEC治疗的154例MPM患者临床病理资料，统计术后并发症发生情况，分析影响SAEs的危险因素。结果：共计154例MPM患者接受CRS+HIPEC治疗，1级不良事件10例（8.8%）,2级41例（36.3%）,3级53例（46.9%）,4级7例（6.2%）,5级2例（1.8%）。需要进行抢救的SAEs发生率为5.8%(9/154)，围手术期死亡率1.3%(2/154)。单因素分析表明，腹膜癌指数（peritoneal cancer index,PCI）(P=0.036)、肿瘤细胞减灭程度（completeness ...     

肿瘤细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜假黏液瘤182例分析

  目的  腹膜假黏液瘤（pseudomyxoma peritonei,PMP）是一种主要来源于阑尾黏液性肿瘤的恶性肿瘤综合征,肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery,CRS）加腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC）是国际推荐的PMP标准治疗。本研究旨在评估CRS+HIPEC治疗PMP的疗效及围手术期安全性。  方法  研究首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院2001年1月至2008年5月采用CRS+HIPEC治疗182例PMP临床数据库,进行生存分析,通过单因素和多因素分析筛选独立预后因素,并分析围手术期安全性。  结果  182例PMP患者接受CRS+HIPEC治疗,低级别PMP 73例（40.1%）,部分低级别、部分高级别PMP 50例（27.5%）,高级别PMP 53例（29.1%）,PMP伴印戒细胞6例（3.3%）;中位腹膜癌指数（peritoneal cancer index,PCI）30分,PCI≥20分为134例（74.0%）;肿瘤细胞减灭程度（completeness of cytoreduction,CC）评分0~1分者为79例（44.1%）;死亡48例（26.4%）,生存134例（73.6%）,中位生存时间64.7个月（95%CI:43.1~84.3个月）。Cox多因素回归分析发现4个独立预后因素:年龄（HR=12.079,95%CI:1.605~90.916）、CC（HR=0.211,95%CI:0.069~0.641）、是否有吻合口（0个vs. >1个）（HR=5.519,95%CI:1.176~25.907）、吻合口数量（1个vs. >1个）（HR=7.543,95%CI:1.592~35.732）。围手术期死亡率、严重不良事件率分别为1.6%、19.8%。  结论  PMP患者在腹膜肿瘤专科单位接受CRS+HIPEC治疗,达到完全肿瘤细胞减灭,可延长生存,围手术期安全性可接受。      

CRS对比CRS+IP与CRS+HIPEC治疗上皮性卵巢癌辅助化疗时间及预后的前瞻性观察研究

  目的  完全肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery,CRS）及术后辅助化疗,是晚期原发性上皮性卵巢癌（epithelial ovarian cancer,EOC）的重要预后因素。然而,EOC患者接受辅助化疗开始时机及其与预后的关系尚不明确,值得深入探讨。  方法  本研究选取2010年1月至2017年12月在印度班加罗尔马尼帕尔综合癌症中心接受完全细胞减灭术的185例晚期原发性EOC患者,其中部分患者接受腹腔化疗或辅助化疗,部分患者未接受腹腔化疗和辅助化疗。分别记录并分析术后开始进行辅助化疗的时间及其对预后的影响。  结果  接受单纯CRS、CRS联合经腹腔港的腹腔内化疗（intraperitoneal chemotherapy,IP）或腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC）的患者分别为50例、60例和75例。CRS组术后开始接受辅助化疗的平均时间为32天,CRS+IP组为34天,CRS+HIPEC组为41天。CRS组中,术后化疗间隔时间>42天对无复发生存（relapse-free survival,RFS）期有显著影响（36个月 vs. 17个月:P=0.02）;在CRS+IP组中,患者RFS差异无统计学意义（35个月vs. 28个月;P=0.78）;CRS+HIPEC组,RFS差异无统计学意义（35个月 vs. 32个月;P=0.17）。如期行辅助化疗患者生存期较延迟化疗更好（88个月 vs. 71个月,P=0.49）。  结论  化疗时间延迟是单纯接受完全CRS患者RFS的不良预后因素。与非HIPEC组相比,化疗时间延迟对HIPEC组患者并未产生显著影响,其原因可能在于术中单次HIPEC弥补了化疗时间延迟带来的不利影响。      

34例非阑尾来源腹膜假黏液瘤诊治分析

  目的  探讨非阑尾来源腹膜假黏液瘤（pseudomyxoma peritonei，PMP）的临床病理特征和诊疗经验。  方法  回顾性分析2011年9月至2019年2月于航天中心医院采用肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreduction surgery，CRS）联合腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic inter-peritoneal chemotherapy，HIPEC）治疗的34例非阑尾来源PMP患者的临床资料，总结其临床表现及影像学特征，同时利用Log-rank检验对相关因素进行生存分析。  结果  本研究34例患者临床表现主要为腹胀（58.8%）和腹盆腔包块（52.9%）；CRS+HIPEC治疗后主要并发症发生率为14.7%，在随访中9例患者死亡，1、3年生存率分别为69.6%、53.5%；单因素分析中，腹膜癌指数（peritonealcancer index，PCI）>20、未行灌注化疗以及非根治性手术是预后不良的显著危险因素，而性别、年龄、组织来源、病理类型等未体现出显著相关性。  结论  非阑尾来源PMP无特异性临床表现，术前较难判断原发病灶，确诊需要依靠术后病理及免疫组织化学检测。但无论来源如何，均以腹腔内广泛肿瘤种植和局部浸润为主要临床表现，CRS+HIPEC是安全有效的治疗手段。      

细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗治疗胃癌腹膜转移癌的临床研究

  目的   分析细胞减灭术（Cytoreductive surgery,CRS）加腹腔热灌注化疗（Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC）治疗胃癌腹膜癌（Peritoneal carcinomatosis,PC）的疗效和安全性。   方法  对106例胃癌PC患者随机分为CRS组或CRS+ HIPEC组,前者行常规手术治疗,后者行CRS+HIPEC,药物为羟基喜素碱（HTPC）20 mg加丝裂霉素（MMC）30 mg,或多西他赛120 mg加顺铂120 mg,溶于生理盐水12 L,温度（43±0.5）℃,时间60~90 min。主要终点指标为总体生存期,次要终点指标为安全性。   结果  入组患者106例,CRS组45例,CRS+HIPEC组61例,两组的主要临床病理指标平衡。至患者的中位随访期30个月时,胃癌PC相关死亡率在CRS组为93.3%（42/45）,CRS+HIPEC组为77.0%（47/61,P < 0.05）。两组患者的中位生存期在CRS组是7.0个月（95%CI:5.8~8.2个月）,CRS+HIPEC组是11.1个月（95% CI:8.3~13.9个月,P=0.003）。治疗相关的严重不良事件在CRS组为6例,CRS+HIPEC组为8例（P>0.05）。多因素分析显示CRS+HIPEC治疗、胃癌同时性PC患者、肉眼可见完全肿瘤细胞减灭、不发生严重不良事件、系统性化疗6个周期以上为影响预后的独立参数。   结论  对于胃癌同时性PC患者,CRS+HIPEC可延长生存期,并不明显增加严重不良事件。      

基于真实世界数据的腹膜假黏液瘤诊治现状分析

  目的  基于真实世界数据分析腹膜假黏液瘤患者的诊治现状、自然病程及预后因素。  方法  回顾性分析2009年2月至2020年7月在首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院就诊的具有完整自然病程的腹膜假黏液瘤患者的相关资料,包括临床病理特征、非规范化治疗情况（误诊时间、误治时间、既往抗肿瘤治疗情况）、肿瘤细胞减灭术+腹腔热灌注化疗（cytoreductive surgery+hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,CRS+HIPEC）治疗情况[手术时间、术中输血情况、腹膜癌指数（peritoneal cancer index,PCI）评分、细胞减灭程度（completeness of cytoreduction,CC）评分、脏器切除数量、腹膜切除区域数量、严重不良事件（serious adverse event,SAE）等]、随访生存时间,随访终点为患者死亡。采用Kaplan -Meier法绘制生存曲线,组间比较采用Log-rank检验。影响5年生存的预后因素采用Cox比例风险回归模型进行单因素和多因素分析。  结果  共纳入94例患者,其中男性57例（60.6%）,女性37例（39.4%）, 中位年龄54（24～76）岁,既往抗肿瘤治疗者59例（62.8%）,中位误诊时间0.8（0～62.5）个月,中位误治时间15.3（0～214.8）个月。所有患者均行CRS+HIPEC治疗,中位手术时间10.1（4.8～16.5）h,中位脏器切除数2（0～8）个,中位腹膜切除区域数5（0～9）个,中位PCI评分32（3～39）分,CC评分2～3分者达80.9%（76/94）,SAE发生率35.1%（33/94）。94例患者中位总生存期30.8（2.4～218.4）个月,1、2、3、5年生存率分别为96.8%、63.8%、44.7%和23.4%。分层分析显示,既往腹腔化疗（46.5 个月vs. 26.3个月）、PSS 1～3分（39.0个月 vs. 21.9个月）、低/高级别病理类型（41.5/40.9 个月vs. 20.1个月）、KPS≥80分（41.5 个月vs. 23.9个月）、无淋巴结转移（35.5 个月vs. 17.1个月）、Ki-67<50%（46.4 个月vs. 20.8个月）的患者中位生存时间延长（P<0.05）。5年生存预后分析中,单因素分析显示以下5个因素与5年生存率有关:PSS评分（P=0.021）、既往腹腔化疗（P=0.008）、病理类型（P=0.004）、淋巴结转移（P=0.008）和Ki-67表达程度（P=0.003）。多因素分析显示出以下3个影响5年生存的独立预后因素:既往腹腔化疗（HR=0.458,95%CI:0.253～0.827,P=0.010）、淋巴结转移（HR=2.879,95%CI:1.345～6.163,P=0.006）、Ki-67≥50%（HR=2.502,95%CI:1.418～4.417,P=0.002）。  结论  PMP非规范化治疗现象较普遍,误治时间长,淋巴结转移及Ki-67高表达是独立不良预后因素,CRS+HIPEC术前腹腔灌注化疗可能为PMP的治疗提供新的方向。      

阑尾源性腹膜假黏液瘤单中心诊疗经验

  目的   总结细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗（cytoreductive surgery & hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy，CRS+HIPEC）治疗阑尾源性腹膜假黏液瘤（pseudomyxoma peritonei，PMP）的单中心诊疗经验。   方法   回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年12月于航天中心医院收治，病理证实为阑尾源性PMP并经CRS+HIPEC治疗604例患者的临床数据，进行统计学分析。   结果   604例患者经历621次CRS+HIPEC治疗，平均年龄56.7岁，其中女性364例（60.3%），男性240例（39.7%），平均腹膜癌指数（peritoneal cancer index，PCI）为25.7。28.5%（172/604）的患者完全减瘤（CCR 0/1）。3~4级不良事件发生率为21.7%（131/604），围手术期死亡率为0.7%（4/604），术后5年生存率为53.6%。高级别病理类型、不完全减瘤（CCR 2/3）、PCI>20、3~4级不良事件是PMP患者预后不良的独立危险因素。   结论   阑尾源性PMP临床罕见，治疗方法特殊，对于怀疑或确诊PMP的患者，尽早行规范CRS+HIPEC治疗，有望取得良好的预后。      

完全肿瘤细胞减灭术加全盆腔切除加腹腔热灌注化疗在腹膜癌合并盆腔肿瘤中的应用

  目的  肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery,CRS）+全盆腔切除术（total pelvic exenteraction,TPE）+腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC）整合治疗策略,是目前唯一可能治愈腹膜癌合并晚期盆腔肿瘤的疗法。本研究探讨CRS+TPE+HIPEC适应证、手术方式和技巧,尤其是避免功能性造瘘的重建方法。  方法  数据来源于本中心前瞻性数据库,选取2006年9月至2021年1月,共1 172例腹膜癌患者,累计接受CRS+HIPEC治疗1 314例次,其中14例接受TPE且无造瘘功能重建,纳入研究对象。  结果  14例患者均通过腹膜切除术实现了腹部肿瘤细胞减灭程度（completeness of cytoreduction,CC）评分0（CC 0）切除,通过TPE实现了盆腔R0切除,且无任何形式造瘘。无消化道吻合口病发症,术后尿漏5例,其中3例无需有创修补,1例行肾造瘘术,1例二次手术修补。无术后90天内死亡。  结论  CRS+HIPEC手术中,TPE非绝对禁忌。在高度专业化的腹膜癌中心,肿瘤病理学家和专业手术团队联合,可提高CRS+TPE+HIPEC整合治疗策略的安全性和有效性,促进术后恢复,提高患者生活质量。CRS+TPE+HIPEC整合治疗策略的应用仍有待进一步深入研究。      

细胞减灭术+腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜假黏液瘤—单中心854例经验总结

目的:腹膜假黏液瘤(pseudomyxoma peritonei,PMP)是一种罕见的临床综合征,细胞减灭术(cytoreductive surgery,CRS)联合腹腔热灌注化疗(hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC)因其良好的治疗效果已经成为各中心公认的标准治疗方案,航天中心医院从2008年开始致力于PMP患者诊治工作,2016年开始将全腹膜切除应用于临床,本研究通过对既往资料进行收集整理,对PMP治疗经验进行总结。方法:回顾分析2008年1月到2019年1月航天中心医院腹膜假黏液瘤中心收治并接受手术治疗的PMP患者临床资料及随访结果。对所有患者的手术方式、根治程度及并发症发生情况等临床资料进行搜集整理,并通过随访结果对相关因素进行生存分析,了解CRS+HIPEC在PMP治疗中的临床价值,同时对腹膜切除技术治疗效果进行评价。结果:共纳入854例患者,平均年龄50岁,中位改良腹膜肿瘤指数(peritoneal cancer index,PCI)为29,其中25.5%的患者接受了根治性手术切除,细胞减灭程度(completeness of cytoreduction,CC)达到0或1。总体并发症发生率为21.7%,围术期死亡率为1.1%。自2016年引进腹膜切除技术后,本中心达CC-0/1的比例由14.3%升至36.5%,且并发症发生率显著下降(16.8%vs.28.8%,P<0.001)。总体而言,CC-0/1的患者5年和10年生存率分别为77%、64.3%,显著优于CC-2/3患者的45.8%、39.4%。在未达根治的患者中,CC-2和CC-3患者10年生存率也存在明显差异(45.5%vs.34.5%,P=0.006)。对总体生存进行分析,改良腹膜肿瘤指数、手术方式、术中是否行热灌注治疗、病理级别、CA125水平均为影响术后生存的独立危险因素。结论:细胞减灭术+腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜假黏液瘤安全有效,腹膜切除技术可显著提高根治程度并降低并发症风险;对于无法达到根治切除的患者,最大限度的减瘤亦可延长远期生存。     

Peritoneal carcinomatosis in colorectal cancer: Defining predictive factors for successful cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy – A pilot study

Background

Peritoneal carcinomatosis originating from colorectal cancer (PC-CRC) carries a dismal prognosis. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been offered to those patients with substantial health and economic burden, nevertheless not all patients are fitting this treatment modality and outcome is generally still poor.

Intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy after cytoreduction in patients with peritoneal metastases from endometrial cancer. The next frontier?

BackgroundEndometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. For cancers detected at an advanced stage or intraperitoneal relapse, the prognosis is poor. Optimal cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is the most accepted treatment; however, patients with advanced intraperitoneal disease might benefit from hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).The aim of this study was to analyze recurrence-free survival (RFS) after CRS and HIPEC in a large series of patients with peritoneal metastases from endometrial cancer.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of endometrial cancer with primary or recurrent peritoneal dissemination were included. All patients underwent CRS plus HIPEC. Data were prospectively collected in the Spanish Group of Peritoneal Oncological Surgery (GECOP) database.ResultsForty-three patients with endometrial cancer and peritoneal metastasis were included. Fifteen patients (35%) were diagnosed with G3 endometrioid carcinomas and 28 (65%) with other non-endometroid histologies. A completeness of cytoreduction score of CC-0 was achieved in 41 patients (95%). RFS at 5 years was 23%, being factors related to worse RFS: treatment with preoperative chemotherapy (p = 0.027), resection of more than three peritoneal areas (p = 0.010), cytoreduction of the upper abdominal space (p = 0.023), HIPEC treatment with paclitaxel (p = 0.013), and the presence of metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.029).ConclusionsBetter RFS rates after CRS and HIPEC were observed for patients with the following characteristics: cytoreductive surgery without preoperative chemotherapy, complete surgery performed with limited surgical maneuvers, treated with cisplatin, and no lymph node metastases.SynopsisEndometrial cancer has a poor prognosis when diagnosed at advance stage. Patients with intraperitoneal metastases from endometrial cancer may benefit from CRS plus HIPEC with improvement in the recurrence-free survival results.     

Peritoneal cancer index (PCI) based patient selecting strategy for complete cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis: A single-center retrospective analysis of 125 patients

ObjectiveThe role of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis (GCPM) is still controversial, mainly due to the limited survival benefit and uncertain patient selection. This study aims to construct a selecting strategy in GCPM for CRS + HIPEC.MethodsFrom a prospective established database, 125 patients were enrolled. All these patients were pathologically confirmed as GCPM and treated with CRS + HIPEC with or without preoperative or postoperative chemotherapy. The clinical documents and follow-up results were collected and analyzed with the primary endpoint of overall survival (OS) and the secondary endpoint of perioperative serious adverse events (SAEs).ResultsThe median OS of 125 GCPM patients treated with CRS + HIPEC was 10.7 months, with 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 43.8%, 24.7%, 18.6%, and 15.7%, respectively. The multivariate analysis identified completeness of cytoreduction (CC), SAEs, HIPEC drugs, and adjuvant chemotherapy as independent prognostic factors on OS. The median OS was 30.0 (95%CI: 16.8–43.3) months in CC-0 group, significantly better than 7.3 (95%CI: 5.8–8.8) months in CC1-3 group (P < 0.001). The median OS showed no significant difference among CC-1 (8.5, 95%CI: 6.7–10.2, months), CC-2 (5.6, 95%CI: 3.0–8.2, months) and CC-3 (6.5, 95%CI: 5.2–7.7, months) groups (P > 0.05 for all pairwise comparations). The nomogram based on peritoneal metastasis timing, preoperative tumor marker (TM), and peritoneal cancer index (PCI), with AUC of 0.985, showed a good accuracy and consistency between actual observation and prediction of the probability of complete CRS. The cutoffs of PCI were 16 for synchronous GCPM with normal TM, 12 for synchronous GCPM with abnormal TM, 10 for metachronous GCPM with normal TM, and 5 for metachronous GCPM with abnormal TM, setting the probability to achieve complete CRS as 50%.ConclusionsOnly complete CRS + HIPEC (CC-0) could improve survival for high selected GCPM patients with acceptable safety. An incomplete CRS (CC1-3) should be avoided for GCPM patients. Synchronous GCPM with PCI ≤16 and normal TM, synchronous GCPM with PCI ≤12 and abnormal TM, metachronous GCPM with PCI ≤10 and normal TM, or metachronous GCPM with PCI ≤5 and abnormal TM maybe potential indications for complete CRS + HIPEC treatment.     

Clinical efficacy of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic chemotherapy in peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer

Evaluation of: Yang XJ, Huang CQ, Suo T et al. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy improves survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer: final results of a Phase III randomized clinical trial. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 18(6), 1575–15781 (2011).

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is the most common pattern of metastasis and recurrence in patients with gastric cancer and is associated with poor clinical outcome and survival. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) was recently established as a new treatment option for PC of gastrointestinal cancer. However, the role of cytoreductive surgery in gastric cancer and the intrinsic role of HIPEC remains unclear. The evaluated article presented a single center Phase III study, randomizing 68 patients with PC from gastric cancer to surgical cytoreduction only (CRS; n = 34) versus cytoreduction plus HIPEC with cisplatin and mitomycin (CRS+HIPEC; n = 34). Median overall was 6.5 months in the CRS group and 11.0 months in the CRS+HIPEC group (p = 0.046). Serious adverse events were acceptable in both groups. Multivariate analysis found CRS+HIPEC, synchronous PC, complete cytoreduction, systemic chemotherapy >6 cycles and no incidence of severe adverse events independent predictive factors for survival. This was the first study to show the positive effects of HIPEC in addition to CRS in PC independently of the tumor entity. In patients with gastric cancer, multimodal treatment concepts combining surgical cytoreduction and HIPEC may provide a new option in carefully selected patients.     

Treatment of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis by cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC: a systematic review of survival, mortality, and morbidity

Gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis has an extremely poor prognosis, which may be improved with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). We systematically reviewed the literature regarding the efficacy of CRS + HIPEC in these patients. Electronic databases were searched from 2000 to 2010. Following CRS + HIPEC, overall median survival was 7.9 months and improved to 15 months for patients with completeness of cytoreduction scores of 0/1, however with a 30‐day mortality rate of 4.8%. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:692–698. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A novel treatment protocol with 6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in stage III primary ovarian cancer

BackgroundFew prospective studies investigated neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), interval cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in advanced ovarian cancer. We report the results of a phase II study where 6 rather than 3 cycles of NAC, followed by CRS and HIPEC, were adopted (HIPEC_ovaio, EudraCT number 2007-005674-31).Materials and methodsBetween 2007 and 2014, 56 patients with stage III primary ovarian cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis were assigned to 6 cycles of platinum and taxane-based NAC. Of these, two had progression, 8 underwent palliative surgery, and 46 had CRS and HIPEC.ResultsA complete pathological response was observed in 9 patients. Of 46 patients who completed the treatment protocol, 29 had no macroscopic residual tumor. Postoperative grade III morbidity rate was 28.2%; no grade IV complications or mortality events were observed. Five-year overall survival (OS) of the entire series was 36 ± 7% (median: 36, 95% CI: 26–45 months). In 46 patients treated by CRS and HIPEC, 5-year OS was 42 ± 8% (median: 53, 95% CI: 29–76 months), and 5-year progression-free survival was 26 ± 7% (median: 23, 95% CI: 19–27 months). Completeness of cytoreduction, peritoneal cancer index and FIGO stage resulted as significant prognostic factors.ConclusionsA novel protocol consisting of 6 cycles of NAC, followed by CRS and HIPEC, is associated with notable improvement in peritoneal carcinomatosis, limited postoperative morbidity risk and high survival rates in responders, and could deserve further investigations in randomized clinical trials.     

完全肿瘤细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗治疗胃癌腹膜转移的病例筛选策略

目的:构建肿瘤细胞减灭程度(completeness of cytoreduction,CC)预测模型,为肿瘤细胞减灭术(cytoreductive surgery,CRS)加腹腔热灌注化疗(hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC)治疗胃癌腹膜转移(gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis,GCPM)提供病例筛选方法。方法:比较完全CRS(complete CRS,CCRS)组和不完全CRS(incomplete CRS,ICRS)组患者基本临床病理特征和治疗参数,通过逻辑回归模型筛选CC独立预测因子,精准预测CCRS可能性。结果:125例患者纳入本研究,其中CC0组52例(41.6%),中位总生存期为30.0(95%CI:16.8~43.3)个月;CC1-3组73例,中位总生存期7.3(95%CI:5.7~8.8)个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),而CC1、CC2和CC3组间中位总生存期差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。因此,CC0定义为CCRS组,CC1-3定义为ICRS组,构建并优化了以腹膜转移时相(OR=14,95%CI:2.0~97.9,P=0.008)、术前肿瘤标志物(OR=6.5,95%CI:2.1~37.8,P=0.037)和腹膜癌指数(OR=1.5,95%CI:1.3~1.8,P<0.001)预测ICRS的多因素回归模型和预测列线图,内部验证显示,ROC曲线下面积为0.985,列线图显示预测准确度、一致性良好。根据列线图结果将患者分为4个亚组,设定CCRS预测概率≥50%,同时性且术前肿瘤标志物正常组、同时性且术前肿瘤标志物异常组、异时性且术前肿瘤标志物正常组、异时性且术前肿瘤标志物异常组腹膜癌指数界值点分别为:≤16、≤12、≤10和≤5。结论:CCRS+HIPEC可延长部分经选择的GCPM患者生存期,以腹膜癌指数为核心,联合腹膜转移时相和术前肿瘤标志物的病例筛选策略,可有效选择高概率实现CCRS的患者接受CCRS+HIPEC治疗。     

Outcomes of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal mesothelioma and predictors of survival

Background: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) benefits selected patients with peritoneal mesothelioma. We present the outcomes of this treatment strategy in a UK peritoneal malignancy national referral centre.

Methods: Observational retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected in a dedicated peritoneal malignancy database between March 1998 and January 2016.

Results: Of 1586 patients treated for peritoneal malignancy, 76 (4.8%) underwent surgery for peritoneal mesothelioma. Median age was 49?years (range 21–73?years). 34 patients (45%) were female. Of the 76 patients, 39 (51%) had low grade histological subtypes (mostly multicystic mesothelioma), and 37 (49%) had diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM; mostly epithelioid mesothelioma). Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 52 patients (68%) and maximal tumour debulking (MTD) was performed in 20 patients (26%); the remaining 4 patients (5%) underwent a laparotomy with biopsy only. HIPEC was administered in 67 patients (88%). Median overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after CRS was 97.8 (80.2–115.4) and 58.8 (47.4–70.3) months, respectively. After complete cytoreduction, 100% overall survival was observed amongst patients with low-grade disease. Ki-67 proliferation index was significantly associated with survival outcomes after complete cytoreduction for DMPM and was an independent predictor of decreased survival.

Conclusion: With adequate patient selection (guided by histological classification and Ki-67 proliferation index) and complete cytoreduction with HIPEC, satisfactory outcomes can be achieved in selected patients with peritoneal mesothelioma.