Ki-67、P53在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移中的表达与意义

目的探讨Ki-67、P53在Her-2阴性乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移中的表达及临床意义。方法选取收治的60例Her-2阴性浸润性乳腺癌患者的临床资料,根据ER表达分为阴性组28例与阳性组32例,研究Ki-67、P53在Her-2阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达及与ER、腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性。结果 ER阳性组乳腺癌组织中Ki-67增殖指数、P53表达明显低于阴性组(P0.05),腋窝淋巴结阳性组中Ki-67增值指数、P53表达明显高于淋巴结阴性组(P0.05)。结论Ki-67增殖指数、P53表达在Her-2阴性乳腺癌组织中与ER阴性呈正相关,且Ki-67增殖指数与腋窝淋巴结转移可能性大,由此提示P53、Ki-67可是Her-2阴性乳腺癌不良预后的相关因素。     

乳腺癌伴神经内分泌分化的特点及患者预后的临床研究

目的 通过观察雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、原癌基因Her-2、细胞核增殖抗原Ki67在乳腺癌伴神经内分泌分化(NED)中的表达及癌组织分级和淋巴结转移情况,探讨乳腺癌伴NED的临床特点及预后.方法 2005年10月至2010年10月本院乳腺癌根治术或改良根治术确诊病例90例,通过观测CgA和Syn免疫组织化学染色结果,分为乳腺癌伴NED阳性和NED阴性两组.分析两组患者ER、PR、Her-2、Ki67的表达,组织学分级,淋巴结转移情况等指标的差异.结果 90例患者中NED阳性组33例,占36.67%.NED阳性组ER阳性和PR阳性表达分别为24例(占72.7%)、21例(占63.6%),明显高于阴性组(P＜0.05).NED阳性组Her-2、Ki67阳性表达分别为37例(占64.91%)、15例(占45.5%),与NED阴性组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).NED阳性组组织分级为Ⅰ级的患者比例为(21.21%),明显高于NED阴性组(7.02%,P＜0.01).NED阳性组淋巴结转移≥1枚的为7例(21.2%),明显低于阴性组24例(42.1%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 乳腺癌伴NED具有恶化程度低,组织分级高,淋巴结转移少的特点,与不伴NED的乳腺癌相比,其预后较好.     

探讨超声弹性成像参数与乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移及Ki-67表达的相关性

目的 探讨乳腺癌病灶超声弹性成像(UE)中的硬度评分、UE图和二维超声(2D-US)图两种成像模式中的面积比与腋窝淋巴结转移及Ki-67表达有无相关性.方法 收集经病理组织学证实的乳腺癌患者60例,共60个病灶.对所有患者手术前均行常规超声及UE检查,判断病灶硬度评分,分别测量病灶在UE图与2D-US中的面积,系统软件自动计算面积比值.术后采用免疫组织化学方法测定Ki-67的表达.分析乳腺癌病灶的UE硬度评分、UE图和2D-US图两种成像模式中的面积比与腋窝淋巴结转移及Ki-67表达的相关性.结果 乳腺癌病灶UE硬度评分与腋窝淋巴结转移和Ki-67表达均无相关性(P均＞0.05).乳腺癌病灶在UE与2D-US两种不同成像模式中测量的面积比与腋窝淋巴结转移无相关性(P＞0.05),与Ki-67表达呈正相关(r=0.368,P=0.004).结论 UE硬度评分不能作为乳腺癌预后判断的指标.UE与2D-US两种不同成像模式测量的乳腺癌病灶面积比不能预示乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结的转移情况,但有助于了解乳腺癌患者癌细胞增殖情况和判断患者预后.     

乳腺癌彩色多普勒血流成像及淋巴结转移与HIF-1α表达的相关性研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌彩色多普勒血流成像及腋窝淋巴结转移与缺氧诱导因子-1α (hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF 1α)表达的相关性.方法 病理证实为乳腺癌患者38例,伴同侧腋窝淋巴结转移18例,无转移20例.术前CDFI检测乳腺肿块内血流,并进行分级,术后应用免疫组织化学技术检测HIF-1α表达的光密度(optical density,OD)值,分析血流分级、组织学分级及腋窝淋巴结转移与HIF 1α表达的相关性.结果 HIF-1α表达在肿块内不同血流分级、不同组织学分级间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.001),HIF-1α在淋巴结转移阳性组中表达高于阴性组(P＜0.05).结论 乳腺癌肿块内血流分级可反映HIF 1α表达的程度,可作为判断肿块的组织学分级及腋窝淋巴结转移提供重要的影像学信息.     

浸润性三阴性乳腺癌的超声征象与Ki-67表达的关系研究

目的分析浸润性三阴性乳腺癌的超声征象与癌组织Ki-67表达的关系。方法通过肿瘤基因图谱数据库分析浸润性三阴性乳腺癌组织中Ki-67的编码基因MKI67的表达及其与生存时间的关系。回顾性分析我院经病理确诊的72例浸润性三阴性乳腺癌患者的超声征象与Ki-67的免疫组织化学染色结果,分析其超声征象与Ki-67表达的关系。结果浸润性三阴性乳腺癌组织中MKI67 mRNA水平较浸润性非三阴性乳腺癌高(11.80±0.11 vs. 10.70±0.05);浸润性三阴性乳腺癌组织中Ki-67高表达者,其总生存时间较Ki-67低表达者短[(34.9±5.1)个月vs.(40.3±4.5)个月],差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。浸润性三阴性乳腺癌超声征象中,血流分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级者Ki-67高表达的比例高于0～Ⅰ级者(63.2%vs.26.5%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);腋窝淋巴结转移者Ki-67高表达的比例高于无转移者(58.8%vs. 34.2%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论浸润性三阴性乳腺癌超声征象中血流分级及腋窝淋巴结与Ki-67表达水平有关。     

结直肠癌中的HER-2、EGFR和Ki-67的蛋白表达及其临床病理学意义

目的 探讨结直肠癌的生物标记物HER-2、EGFR和Ki-67蛋白的表达与临床病理特征之间的关系.方法 采用免疫组化的方法检测244例结直肠癌中HER-2、EGFR和Ki-67的蛋白表达情况,并分析这些指标与临床病理特征的相关性.结果 EGFR蛋白阳性表达率是31.5%,其中有淋巴结转移组阳性率显著高于无淋巴结转移组(36.4% vs.19.7%,P=0.011),有远处转移组阳性率显著高于无远处转移组(45% vs.28.9%,P=0.045);HER-2蛋白阳性表达率是50.8%,有淋巴结转移组阳性率显著高于无淋巴结转移组(54.9% vs.40.8%,P=0.046);Ki-67蛋白阳性表达率是89.7%,有淋巴结转移者比无淋巴结转移的阳性表达率明显增高(92.5% vs.83.1%,P=0.028),肿瘤大体类型中,隆起型、溃疡型和浸润型的阳性表达率分别为89.4%、92.5%和77.8%,其差异具有显著意义(P=0.03).HER-2阳性率在EGFR阳性组(67.5%)高于在EGFR阴性组(43.1%),HER-2和EGFR的蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.227,P<0.001).结论 HER-2、EGFR和Ki-67的表达水平增高与结直肠癌患者转移增强和预后较差相关.     

乳腺癌组织转移相关蛋白-3表达与腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性

目的探讨乳腺癌患者转移相关蛋白(MTA)-3的表达情况及其与腋窝淋巴结转移的关系。方法收集122例乳腺癌(浸润性导管癌)患者的癌组织和20例乳腺增生症患者的乳腺组织(对照),采用免疫组化法检测组织样本中MTA-3的表达情况,并结合相关临床资料分析MTA-3与临床病理特征、Ki-67和上皮细胞钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)的关系。按是否合并腋窝淋巴结转移将乳腺癌患者分为转移组(55例)和非转移组(67例)。结果乳腺癌组织中MTA-3的阳性表达率为32.8%,明显低于对照乳腺组织(85.0%)(P=0.000)。MTA-3阳性表达与组织学分级、临床分期、原发肿瘤大小、有无腋窝淋巴结转移及分子分型有关(P0.05),与年龄、月经状态及体质量指数无关(P0.05)。转移组组织学分级、临床分期及分子分型与非转移组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而年龄、月经状态、体质量指数、原发肿瘤大小2个组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示乳腺癌组织MTA-3阳性表达是乳腺癌患者合并腋窝淋巴结转移的保护性因素[比值比(OR)=0.662,95%可信区间(CI) 0.246～0.891]。MTA-3阳性表达与腋窝淋巴结转移数目、Ki-67阳性表达呈负相关(r=-0.197,P=0.030;r=-0.358,P=0.000),与E-cadherin阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.237,P=0.009)。结论乳腺癌组织中MTA-3表达显著降低,可能与乳腺癌的发生和腋窝淋巴结转移有关。     

浸润性乳腺癌超声表现特点与免疫组织化学指标关系分析

目的探讨浸润性乳腺癌超声表现特点与雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesteronereceptor,PR)、Ki-67、P53表达的关系。方法 98例浸润型乳腺癌患者,均完成超声检查,采用免疫组织化学检查检测乳腺癌组织ER、PR、Ki-67、P53阳性表达率,分析超声表现特点与ER、PR、Ki-67、P53阳性表达的关系。结果 98例患者中ER阳性表达率为65.31%,PR阳性表达率为58.16%,Ki-67阳性表达率为67.35%,P53阳性表达率为52.04%;肿瘤边缘有毛刺者ER和PR阳性表达率(77.19%、68.42%)高于无毛刺者(48.78%、43.90%)(P0.05),肿瘤边界强回声晕者ER阳性表达率(75.47%)高于边界清晰者(53.33%)(P0.05),有微小钙化者Ki-67阳性表达率(79.25%)高于无微小钙化者(53.33%)(P0.05),血供分级2～3级者Ki-67、P53阳性表达率(75.44%、63.16%)高于0～1级者(56.10%、36.59%)(P0.05),后方回声衰减者Ki-67、P53阳性表达率(80.95%、66.67%)高于无衰减者(57.14%、41.07%)(P0.05),有淋巴结转移者ER、PR阳性表达率(52.17%、43.49%)低于无淋巴结转移者(76.92%、71.15%),Ki-67、P53阳性表达率(80.43%、67.39%)高于无淋巴结转移者(55.77%、38.46%)(P0.05);ER、PR、Ki-67、P53阳性表达率在肿瘤直径、肿瘤形态、纵横比、内部回声情况上差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论浸润性乳腺癌超声表现特点与ER、PR、Ki-67、P53表达有关,有恶性超声征象者常提示ER、PR低表达,Ki-67、P53高表达,可为乳腺癌诊疗及预后判断提供指导。     

甲状腺癌患者CXCR4和Ki-67表达及其与预后的相关性

目的探讨甲状腺癌患者趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)和增殖细胞核抗原Ki-67表达及其与预后的相关性。方法收集该院甲状腺癌组织标本82例(甲状腺癌组)、甲状腺癌旁组织标本82例(癌旁组织组)及甲状腺良性病变标本82例(对照组),采用免疫组化染色法检测各组标本中CXCR4、Ki-67的阳性表达情况,并分析甲状腺癌组织CXCR4、Ki-67表达与临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果甲状腺癌组CXCR4、Ki-67蛋白的阳性表达率显著高于癌旁组织组、对照组(P0.05)。甲状腺癌组织中CXCR4阳性率与病理分期、淋巴结转移有关(P0.05);Ki-67阳性率与病理分期、淋巴结转移、包膜侵犯有关(P0.05)。甲状腺癌患者的中位疾病进展时间(TTP)为37.92个月(95%CI:27.89～43.31),CXCR4、Ki-67阳性者的TTP显著高于阴性表达者(P0.05)。结论甲状腺癌患者CXCR4、Ki-67呈高表达状态,且表达水平与其临床病理特征相关,共同影响患者术后复发转移。     

Ki-67和pAKT在结肠癌组织中的表达

目的 探讨Ki-67、磷酸化丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(pAKT)在结肠癌组织中的表达及与侵袭转移的关系.方法 结肠癌患者72例,癌旁异型增生组织(n=72)及癌旁5 cm正常黏膜组织(n=72),应用免疫组织化学链霉菌抗生物素蛋白过氧化物酶连结(SP)法检测Ki-67、pAKT的表达.结果 Ki-67、pAKT在正常结肠黏膜组织(9.7%、9.7%)、癌旁组织(34.7%、25.0%)和结肠癌(73.6%、77.8%)组织中的阳性表达率逐渐上升(P＜0.05).晚期结肠癌组织中Ki-67、pAKT的表达明显高于早期结肠癌组织(80.3% vs 45.5%、83.6% vs 54.5%)(P＜0.05),Ki-67、pAKT的表达与结肠癌在低分化组织中表达水平最高(88.9%、88.9%),高分化组织中最低(36.4%、45.5%)(P＜0.05).Ki-67、pAKT在淋巴结转移组中的表达明显高于无转移组(80.0% vs 18.5%、86.7% vs 33.3%)(P＜0.05 ).结论 Ki-67、pAKT异常表达与结肠癌的发生、发展密切相关,可作为临床参考指标.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.