社区精神分裂症的发病率和患病率连续十年调查研究

连续十年逐年对曲溪镇进行精神分裂症发病率和患病率的前瞻性研究,发现该社区1978～1987年精神分裂症发病率为0.09～0.22‰,年均0.16‰,男性高于女性。病例数积累总患病率逐年增高,从2.15‰上升到2.78‰;但由于社区精神病防治工作开展,缓解病例逐年增多,现患病率从1.98‰下降至1.52‰。文中还对患病率有关问题进行分析和讨论。     

精神分裂症残疾的流行病学调查

采用国内12地区精神疾病流行学调查的程序和方法,对精神分裂症残疾进行流行病学调查。结果表明,精神分裂症的患病率为5.80‰,精神分裂症残疾患病率为3.99‰。其中城市5.28‰,农村2.77‰;男性4.04‰,女性5.46‰,调查还发现精神分裂症的致残率为67.86％,精神分裂症的残疾与其社会支持系统有非常明显的关系,并提出了今后精神分裂症残疾康复的建议.     

淄博市精神分裂症残疾的流行学调查

采用国内十二地区精神疾病流调协作组制定的调查程序和方法,对我市精神疾病进行了流行学抽样调查,并重点对精神分裂症残疾进行了调查。结果表明:精神分裂症患病率为4.7‰,残疾患病率为3.55‰,其中男性为4.39‰,女性为2.69‰。男女之间无明显差异(X~2=2.14,P>0.05),精神分裂症致残率为75.50％。残疾与婚姻、经济状况及家庭和睦情况有明显的关系,提出了今后精神分裂症残疾康复的措施。     

保定市精神分裂症性别差异的流行病学调查

目的了解保定市精神分裂症的患病率及其性别分布特点。方法2004年10月~2005年3月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取≥18岁的人群,共10073例,用扩展的一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）将调查对象分为高、中、低危险组,采用美国精神障碍诊断标准（DSM-Ⅳ）,以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版（DSM-Ⅳ）轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查患者版对调查对象进行精神分裂症的诊断。功能状况评价采用大体功能评定量表（Global Assessment Function,GAF）。结果9021人完成调查,精神分裂症的终生及时点患病率分别为6.20‰、5.42‰,男性3.93‰、3.28‰,女性8.45‰、7.55‰,女性均高于男性（P〈0.01）;女性已婚率显著高于男性（P〈0.01）,而受教育年数女性显著低于男性（P〈0.01）;精神分裂症的临床症状、发病年龄与诊断分型性别比较无显著性差异;女性心理、社会及职业功能受损程度较男性为重（P〈0.05）。精神卫生服务利用的性别间均无显著性差异。结论精神分裂症患者在患病率、婚姻、教育及心理、社会、职业功能均存在性别差异,提示在制定治疗康复方案时,应有所区别。     

基诺族精神病,精神发育迟滞和癫痫的10年随访调查

对基诺族精神病、精神发育迟滞和癫痫进行１０年随访。精神病终身患病率前后为４．０３‰，３．８５‰，现患病率为２．８８‰，２．８８‰。精神病平均年发病率为９．６１／１０万人口。精神分裂症的现患病率前后为２．４２‰，２．４０‰，男性明显高于女性。随访表明，精神分裂症在自然状态下预后很差，社会性结局不好。精神发育迟滞现患病率前后为１．８４‰，２．９８‰，平均年发病率为１５．３８／１０万人口。癫痫（大发作）     

基诺族精神病、精神发育迟滞和癫痫的10年随访调查

对基诺族精神病、精神发育迟滞和癫痫进行１０年随访。精神病终身患病率前后为４．０３‰，３．８５‰，现患病率为２．８８‰，２．８８‰。精神病平均年发病率为９．６１／１０万人口。精神分裂症的现患病率前后为２．４２‰，２．４０‰，男性明显高于女性。随访表明，精神分裂症在自然状态下预后很差，社会性结局不好。精神发育迟滞现患病率前后为１．８４‰，２．９８‰，平均年发病率为１５．３８／１０万人口。癫痫（大发作）现患病率前后为１．６１‰，１．３５‰。结果提示，在自然状态下癫痫的预后很差。     

桂林市农村地区精神疾病流行病学调查

目的:了解桂林市15岁以上农村居民各类精神疾病的患病水平和分布特征。方法:2007年7月至12月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取桂林市3个县2800名15岁以上农村居民为对象进行入户调查。以中国疾病预防控制中心精神卫生中心提供的中文版复合性国际诊断问卷为筛查工具,以国际疾病及相关健康问题分类第10版为诊断标准。结果:完成调查2628人,调查完成率93.9%。桂林农村15岁以上人群精神疾病的总时点患病率23.59‰,总终生患病率29.30‰。终生患病率前3位病种为酒依赖(11.42‰)、精神分裂症(8.37‰)和抑郁症(7.61‰)。农村地区女性终生患病率为20.56‰,低于男性的38.70‰(χ2MH=6.969,P=0.008)。酒依赖终身患病率在55～74岁年龄段和壮族人群中患病率较高结论:酒依赖、精神分裂症和抑郁症是桂林市农村地区精神疾病防治重点。     

广西城市居民精神分裂症患病率调查

目的：了解广西壮族自治区≥15岁城市居民精神分裂症患病率的分布特征和影响因素。方法：采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取6个城市7380名≥15岁城市居民为调查对象进行入户调查。以中文版复合性国际诊断问卷为筛查工具;以国际疾病分类第10版为诊断标准。结果：在实际完成调查的7028人中,精神分裂症时点患病率为8.68‰,终生患病率为10.67‰。终生患病率以女性（7.08‰）显著低于男性（14.60‰）;以15～24岁（4.67‰）显著低于25～44岁（14.01‰）及35～44岁（19.17‰）;以初中文化水平（15.35‰）显著高于大专以上（3.07‰）;以未婚（13.71‰）及离婚/丧偶者（31.14‰）显著高于现婚者（8.34‰）;差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.001）。多因素非条件Lo-gistic回归分析显示：性别、年龄、教育水平、婚姻状况4个因素进入回归模型。结论：性别、年龄、教育水平、婚姻状况是影响广西城市居民精神分裂症患病率的主要因素。     

沈阳战区精神疾病流行学调查资料分析

应用全国统一调查工具，对沈阳战区陆海空三军进行精神疾病流行学调查，结果表明精神疾病总患病率１．９８７‰，现患病率为１．５２０‰；精神分裂症总患病率１．３６０‰，现患病率１．１２０‰；神经症患病率３．１９７‰。     

安徽阜阳市精神分裂症流行病学调查

目的：了解安徽阜阳市精神分裂症的患病率，探讨其危害程度及发病危险因素。方法：选3县1市为框架，对≥15岁33332人进行流行病学调查，采取线索调查和逐户筛选相结合。结果：共检出精神分裂症159例，现患137例，总患病率4．77‰，时点患病率4．11‰，其中发生社会危害事件87例次。结论：精神分裂症对社区造成的危害十分严重，应予高度警觉。     

Variations in the incidence of schizophrenia: data versus dogma

The schizophrenia research community has shared a belief that the incidence of schizophrenia shows little variation. This belief is related to the dogma that schizophrenia affects all individuals equally, regardless of sex, race, or nationality. However, there is now robust evidence that the incidence of schizophrenia is characterized by substantial variability. There is prominent variation in the incidence of schizophrenia between sites. The incidence of schizophrenia is significantly higher in males than in females (male:female ratio = 1.4). Migrants and those living in urban areas have a higher incidence of schizophrenia. The incidence of schizophrenia has fluctuations across time. In addition, the prevalence of schizophrenia is also characterized by prominent variation. The realization that schizophrenia is characterized by rich and informative gradients will serve as a catalyst for future research.     

Point prevalence of schizophrenia in immigrant groups in Rotterdam: data from outpatient facilities.

OBJECTIVE: Reports of an increased incidence of schizophrenia in some immigrant groups to The Netherlands are based exclusively on hospital data. The aims of our study were: 1) to determine the treated point prevalence of schizophrenia at outpatient mental health services in Rotterdam and to compare the results for immigrants to those for natives; and 2) to compare groups born in The Netherlands and immigrant groups in terms of the proportions of patients with a previous hospital admission. METHOD: We included all patients aged between 20 and 64 who were treated for a non-affective psychosis at any of the outpatient mental health services in Rotterdam on October 1, 1994. The mental health professionals responsible reported on the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of each patient. RESULTS: Seven hundred and thirteen patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (DSM-III-R) were identified (rate: 2.1 per 1000). The (treated) prevalence of schizophrenia in male immigrants from Surinam and Morocco and in female immigrants from Surinam, the Netherlands Antilles and Cape Verde was significantly higher than that in their native-born counterparts (odds ratios between 2 and 3). The (treated) prevalence was not significantly higher in immigrants from Turkey, female immigrants from Morocco or male immigrants from the Antilles. Proportions of patients with a previous hospital admission were similar in each ethnic group (81-93%). CONCLUSION: These findings are generally in line with earlier studies, based on the Dutch psychiatric registry, which has reported an increase in the (treated) incidence of schizophrenia in immigrants from Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles and in male immigrants from Morocco, and no increase in the (treated) incidence in immigrants from Turkey or female immigrants from Morocco.     

青海高原精神残疾抽样调查及阳性病例的12年随访

目的 了解青海高原地区精神残疾情况及阳性病例的转归。方法 按照国务院、民政部的全国残疾人抽样调查方案,青海省于1987年4月1日零时对精神疾病进行逐家庭户抽样调查,共调查了15105人,并于12年后进行了阳性病例的随访。结果①青海省精神疾病患病率、残疾率较低;②精神分裂症为首要病因,其次为情感性精神病、脑外伤及精神发育不全;⑧女性患病率高于男性;④汉族患病率高于少数民族;⑤12年随访结果表明,由于治疗的严重滞后导致残疾率升高,症状明显者比例较大。结论青海高原地区的精神残疾有其自身特点,阳性病例的预后较差。 810007 青海省人民医院     

Obesity in schizophrenic outpatients receiving antipsychotics in Taiwan

This investigation estimates and compares, for the first time, the distribution of body mass index (BMI: kg/m(2)) and the prevalence of obesity among Chinese outpatients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics. The BMI of 201 outpatients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders was studied via a cross-sectional naturalistic study. This investigation also compared the BMI of the subjects with a Taiwanese reference population. This investigation found no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between male and female subjects. The prevalence of obesity among male and female patients in this investigation was, respectively, 2.74- and 2.51-fold greater than the Taiwanese reference population, and the prevalence of severe obesity among male and female patients was 4.66- and 3.53-fold greater than that in the Taiwanese reference population, respectively. The rate of severe obesity was especially high in patients treated with olanzapine. Atypical antipsychotics other than olanzapine did not seem to be more closely associated with obesity or severe obesity compared to typical antipsychotics.     

山东省癫癎流行病学调查研究

目的 了解中国山东省的癫癎）病流行现况及其危险因素.方法 以调查问卷为基础,运用国际统一癫癎诊断标准,采用多级分层随机整群抽样方法,逐户进行调查.结果 调查人数251 492名,癫癎患者335例,癫（痫）患病率为1.33‰;男性患病率为1.35‰o,女性患病率为1.31‰;城市患病率为1.20‰,农村患病率为1.39‰,均差异无统计学意义.癫癎发病率为18.69/10万.发作类型以全面性发作为主为60.90％;部分性发作为34.33％;发作不能分类为4.78％.首次发病平均年龄为（15.37±15.77）岁.特发性癫癎为60.90％,症状性癫（痫）为39.10％.大部分患者未进行正规治疗,治疗缺口为54.33％.结论 山东省癫癎患病率、发病率处于全国较低水平,治疗缺口与国内文献报道一致.癫癎发作类型以全面性发作为主;癫癎发病以特发性癫（痫）为主,症状性癫癎病因中以脑炎为主.     

Sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of insomnia in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia

Objective

It is generally recognized that there are sex differences in many aspects of schizophrenia. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the sex differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of insomnia in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Methods

A total of 957 patients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were recruited in this cross-sectional study (male/female = 630/327). Demographic, clinical, and insomnia data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Fasting blood samples were collected to evaluate the status of blood lipids. Psychopathological symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

Results

The prevalence rate of insomnia in female patients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than that in male patients (17.3% for males and 26.3% for females; χ² = 10.74, p = 0.001). Regression analysis showed that in male patients, insomnia was independently associated with severe PANSS positive symptoms, severe PANSS depressive factor, and high levels of low-density lipoprotein levels, while in female patients, insomnia was associated with low education level, high PANSS depressive factor, and high levels of apolipoprotein B levels.

Conclusion

This study illustrates that insomnia is more frequent in female than male schizophrenia patients, and that there are differences in the clinical correlates of insomnia by sex, suggesting that sex differences should be considered in prevention and treatment strategies for coexisting insomnia in schizophrenia patients.

     

Myasthenia gravis in the county of Viborg, Denmark

The epidemiology of myasthenia gravis was studied in a Danish countryside county with 230,760 inhabitants. The incidence rate was 10.4 per million per year and the prevalence rate, 125 per million. The female to male ratio was 1.4 to 1. The diagnoses were delayed from a few hours to 6 years, most frequently on behalf of ophthalmologic diagnoses. A high incidence rate and a considerable diagnostic delay indicate that a number of patients suffering from myasthenia gravis are misdiagnosed, leading to unfortunate psychologic events.     

住院精神分裂症患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的初步筛查

目的 调查住院精神分裂症患者中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的患病情况.方法 对825例住院精神分裂症患者进行有关体重指数、打鼾、嗜睡情况等问卷调查,运用体重指数、打鼾程度评价及嗜睡评价量表评分进行OSAHS的初步筛查,并对OSAHS可能的危险因素进行分析.结果 初步筛查OSAHS患者61例（男性53例,女性8例）,患病率为7.39%（男性8.6%,女性3.8%）,男性患病率显著高于女性患病率（χ2=5.462,P＜0.05）.OSAHS患者中伴发高血压、糖尿病、高血脂的发生率（分别为36.1%,41.0%,44.3%）高于住院精神分裂症患者伴发高血压、糖尿病、高血脂的发生率（分别为21.6%,18.5%,25.4%）,存在统计学差异（χ2=6.746,17.837,10.256;均P＜0.01）.结论 住院精神分裂症患者中具有较高的OSAHS患病率,高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症可能是OSAHS危险因素.