孤独症谱系障碍行为与发展干预训练的研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍是一类早期脑神经发育障碍,具有两大核心症状,一是语言与交流障碍,二是重复刻板行为及狭窄的兴趣。针对孤独症谱系障碍不同方面的核心损伤进行行为与发展干预训练,是目前国际上公认的最有效的治疗方式。本文就孤独症谱系障碍的行为与发展干预训练的研究现状及未来方向作一综述。     

肠道菌群与孤独症谱系障碍免疫失衡的研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍是一种神经发育障碍性疾病，主要表现为缺乏社会交流和互动能力，同时伴有重复刻板行为。近年来研究发现孤独症谱系障碍患者常可伴有胃肠功能异常，同时国内外部分研究发现孤独症谱系障碍患者肠道菌群构成与健康儿童相比发生了显著变化。但其具体机制仍不明确，甚至出现了相反的结论。该文通过回顾相关文献资料，从微生物―肠―脑轴角度出发，着重从肠道代谢产物异常、免疫失衡及神经发育角度对肠道菌群介导的免疫失衡在孤独症谱系障碍发病机制中的作用进行综述。 [国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2023, 50(4): 65-70]     

孤独症病人脑大小的MRI研究

孤独症病人脑大小的ＭＲＩ研究【英】ＰｉｖｅｎＪ…ＡｍＪＰｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ－１９９５，１５２（８）；１１４５～１１４９孤独症是以明显的社会交往缺陷、刻板而重复的行为及特殊病程为特征的弥漫性发育障碍。其发病机理不清，但诸多研究均揭示本病存在某种神经生物...     

催产素在孤独症发病机制及治疗中的研究进展北大核心CSCD

孤独症又称自闭症,为孤独症谱系障碍的一种,临床表现从幼儿时期开始,主要表现为三大类核心症状,即:社会交往障碍、交流障碍、兴趣狭窄和刻板重复的行为方式[1]。1975年至2009年,孤独症患病率从1/5000上升至1/110,在世界范围内,几乎没有地区差异的流行。WHO指出,孤独症是目前全球患病人数增长最快的严重疾病之一。     

儿童孤独症康复治疗的研究进展

儿童孤独症起病早,以语言障碍、社会交往（人际关系）障碍、兴趣狭窄及行为重复刻板为主要临床表现,多数伴有智能落后。由于孤独症是一种全面的发育障碍,其不仅严重影响患者的生存质量,还给患者家庭带来沉重的心理和经济负担。由于孤独症致病因素众多,目前尚无特异的治愈手段,如何有效治疗孤独症仍是世界难题。多年来国内外学者探索性的治疗成果提示积极的康复治疗能有效提高孤独症儿童的生活质量。现将近年来康复治疗取得的进展综述如下。     

2～3岁孤独谱系障碍儿童尾状核体积与重复刻板行为的关系

目的:对比2～3岁孤独谱系障碍(ASD)与发育迟缓(DD)儿童尾状核体积的差异,并探讨尾状核体积与重复刻板行为严重程度的关系。方法:使用ITK-SNAP软件分别计算并比较66例ASD儿童(ASD组)和36例年龄、性别、智商与之相匹配的DD儿童(DD组)的尾状核体积,并与由孤独症诊断访谈量表-修订版(ADI-R)所得重复刻板行为分数进行相关分析。结果:ASD组尾状核左侧(P=0.005)、右侧(P0.001)以及总体积(P=0.001)较DD组显著增大;尾状核左侧(r=0.359,P=0.004)、总体积(r=0.317,P=0.013)与ADI-R低水平重复刻板行为分呈显著正相关。结论:2～3岁的ASD儿童已表现出尾状核体积的异常增大,且与低水平的重复刻板行为有相关。     

孤独症和强迫症在刻板性和重复性行为方面相关 基因的研究进展

孤独症和强迫症具有高度遗传性,同时在表型上都具有相似的刻板性行为和重复性行为, 现对两种疾病在刻板性和重复性行为方面的相似之处及共同的基因进行综述,以便为这两种疾病提供 有效的防治措施而打下理论基础。     

孤独谱系障碍患者的嗅觉功能

<正>孤独谱系障碍(autistic spectrum disorder,ASD)是一类以人际交往与沟通困难、兴趣狭窄和重复刻板行为模式为核心症状的神经发育性疾病,其病因和发病机制尚未明[1]。ASD包括孤独症(autism)、阿斯伯格综合征(Asperger syndrome,AS)及未分型广泛性发育障碍(pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified,PDD-NOS)。嗅觉     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童面部表情识别的认知神经机制

<正>孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD),包括孤独症、阿斯伯格综合征、儿童期瓦解性障碍以及非特定的广泛性发育障碍等[1]。ASD儿童核心症状表现为社会交往障碍、语言交流障碍以及重复刻板行为等。而面部表情识别能力(facial expression recognition,FER)对有效社会交往有着重要作用。因此,探讨ASD儿童面部表情识别的能     

慢性左旋多巴治疗对帕金森病大鼠行为及基底节Fos表达的影响

目的:研究帕金森病大鼠左旋多巴诱导异动症模型的行为学特征及其基底节区神经元活性的变化.方法:帕金森病大鼠给予左旋多巴治疗28 d,观察其行为学,并用免疫组织化学方法观察纹状体、苍白球区Fos表达情况.结果:慢性左旋多巴治疗后,帕金森病大鼠出现异常不自主运动,包括刻板运动和增加的对侧旋转行为.急性左旋多巴治疗帕金森病大鼠损毁侧尾壳核和苍白球区Fos表达均增加,慢性左旋多巴治疗与急性治疗组比较损毁侧尾壳核区Fos明显减少,而苍白球区表达增加.结论:慢性间断性左旋多巴治疗诱导帕金森病大鼠异常不自主运动是帕金森病患者左旋多巴诱导异动症的啮齿类动物模型,纹状体苍白球神经元活性增强可能参与其发生机制.     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。