超声刀处理胆囊动脉完成腹腔镜胆囊切除87例

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用超声刀处理胆囊动脉的安全性及处理方法。
方法：回顾性分析2009年3月—2010年11月单用超声刀处理胆囊动脉完成腹腔镜胆囊切除87例的临床资料。
结果：全组均成功完成手术,其中经脐单孔切除42例,二孔切除5例,三孔切除40例,手术时间20~110 min,平均37.5 min,术中出血5~20 mL,平均7.5 mL,术后无并发症发生,术后2~4 d出院。
结论：应用超声刀处理胆囊动脉完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全可靠的,可节省部分手术时间和费用。

     

浆膜下处理胆囊动脉的腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的 探讨浆膜下处理胆囊动脉的腹腔镜胆囊切除术在临床中的应用价值。 方法 回顾性分析2008年1月～2011年10月169例实施浆膜下处理胆囊动脉的腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料,术中离断胆囊管后紧贴胆囊壁肌层平面顺行分离,于胆囊浆膜下处理胆囊动脉进入胆囊壁的分支,游离切除胆囊。胆囊动脉的处理：电钩梯度电凝113例,超声刀处理39例,Ligasure处理8例,钛夹5例,4例胆囊动脉与胆囊管伴行,处理上胆囊动脉与胆囊管一并用Hem-O-Lok夹闭。 结果 全组病例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,其中8例继而行胆总管切开取石,T管引流术,手术时间25～205min,平均43min;术中出血量5～250ml,平均10ml,术中解剖Calot三角内胆囊动脉发自肝右动脉65例,余104例仅解剖其分支,未追求其来源。术后住院时间1～12d,平均4.3d,术后随访2～18个月,平均随访8月,全组无腹腔出血、胆管损伤等并发症。 结论 浆膜下处理胆囊动脉的腹腔镜胆囊切除术更符合安全、微创的理念,是一种合理的手术方式,值得在临床推广。     

超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的　探讨超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)中处理胆囊动脉及闭合胆囊管的可行性及优越性。　方法　回顾分析 2 0 0 1 1～ 2 0 0 1 6选择 4 6例LC手术中超声刀处理胆囊管、胆囊动脉。　结果　均在术后 3天治愈出院。 4 6例无胆漏、无术中出血。　结论　超声刀处理胆囊动脉、选择性闭合胆囊管是安全、可靠、有效的方法。     

超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨超声刀在胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法回顾分析1999年10月~2003年11采用超声刀腹腔镜胆囊切除术713例临床资料。结果713例胆囊切除术,除1例气腹针穿破腹主动脉,其余均获成功。手术时间10~75m in,平均出血量约7m l。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术中超声刀处理胆囊简单容易,安全可靠。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊动脉出血的原因及对策

为探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊动脉出血的原因及预防措施,提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术成功率。本文回顾分析了我院1991年9月至1998年8月6000例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中723例胆囊动脉出血病例,详细阐述了腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊动脉出血的原因、预防措施及处理方法。本组病人545例术中成功止血,174例中转开腹,4例术后胆囊动脉再出血,第二次开腹手术,全部患者均痊愈出院。本结果提示腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊动脉出血是中转开腹的重要原因之一,防止胆囊动脉出血是提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术成功率的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊动脉出血的处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中预防和处理胆囊动脉出血的临床经验。方法回顾性分析我院2002年1月至2007年12月收治的行腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中发生胆囊动脉出血138例的临床资料。结果本组腹腔镜下处理胆囊动脉出血83例,中转开腹7例,中转率为8．43％;发生胆道损伤3例,失血性休克1例。直接转开腹55例,无胆道损伤等严重并发症者。结论只要遵循耐心压迫止血、吸尽积血后再钳夹、电凝的处理原则,大部分胆囊动脉出血是能够在腹腔镜下得到控制的;及时中转开腹,能较好的避免血管和胆道损伤。     

胆囊外膜下处理胆囊动脉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨胆囊外膜下处理胆囊动脉在腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术中应用的临床意义。方法对2007年7月至2012年7月183例LC术中胆囊外膜下处理胆囊动脉的临床资料进行总结分析。胆囊动脉的处理:电钩电凝103例,钛夹60例,超声刀处理5例,15例胆囊动脉与胆囊管伴行处理上胆囊动脉与胆囊管一并用Hem-o-Lok夹闭。结果 183例LC成功180例(98.36%),中转剖腹手术3例(1.64%),2例(1.09%)术后残留胆总管远端小结石.术中解剖Calot三角内胆囊动脉至肝右动脉45例,余138例仅解剖其分支,未追求其来源。无胆管和血管损伤等严重并发症发生,无手术死亡病例,全组病人均恢复良好。结论 LC术中应胆囊外膜下处理胆囊动脉的方法可有效防止胆管和血管损伤,更符合安全、微创的理念,是一种合理的手术方式,值得在临床推广。     

超声刀处理胆囊血管的应用研究

目的　探讨超声刀处理胆囊血管的可行性。　方法　应用超声刀对 2条犬腹腔内血管采用 2档输出功率、低张力、弱抓持力、钝刀头的条件 ,沿血管滑动封合、离断管径 (1～ 11)mm的动、静脉血管。在此基础上应用于腹腔镜胆囊、胆道手术的胆囊血管处理。　结果　对犬腹腔内管径≤ 9mm的血管封合、离断效果良好 140 / 15 0 (93.3% ) ,术中及术后无血管断端出血。应用于临床腹腔镜胆囊、胆道手术 70 6例 ,术中及术后无血管断端出血。　结论　腹腔镜手术中可直接使用超声刀封合、离断胆囊动脉。     

超声刀在腹腔镜逆行胆囊切除术中的应用

目的:探讨超声刀在腹腔镜逆行胆囊切除术中的应用价值.方法:38例胆囊急性炎症、胆囊充满结石并萎缩、Calot三角严重粘连等患者腹腔镜下行超声刀逆行胆囊切除术.结果:手术时间35～135 min,平均60 min.术中出血5～40mL.无中转开腹,无肝外胆管损伤.结论:腹腔镜下应用超声刀逆行胆囊切除术能够提高手术治疗的安全性,降低胆管损伤的发生率,扩大了腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术适应证.     

腹腔内单钳打结法在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

我院自2003年初在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用超声刀后,基本免夹使用腔内两钳打结法处理胆囊管或少数胆囊动脉。为了进一步发展微创技术——二孔法免夹腹腔镜胆囊切除术,笔者设计了腔内单钳打结法,并更进一步实施了一孔法免夹腹腔镜胆囊切除术。该方法同样在三孔法、四孔法中有其优越性,自2008年7月初至2009年4月下旬采用此法实施LC术284例,现报告如下。     

临时心脏起搏器在腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期中的应用

目的探讨伴有缓慢型心律失常患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中应用临时心脏起搏器的安全性. 方法 34例伴缓慢型心律失常的老年拟行LC患者,于术前安置临时心脏起搏器.LC术中应用超声刀切开、止血,不使用电刀. 结果 34例LC均获成功,无手术并发症,围手术期无严重心血管并发症发生. 结论围手术期安置临时心脏起搏器,术中使用超声刀可有效提高伴缓慢型心律失常的老年患者LC围手术期的安全性,减少严重心血管系统并发症的发生.     

Clipless cholecystectomy: broadening the role of the harmonic scalpel.

BACKGROUND: The ultrasonically activated (Harmonic) scalpel has proven to be an effective, efficient, and safe instrument for dissection and hemostasis in both open and laparoscopic surgical procedures. To date, the primary use of the Harmonic scalpel in laparoscopic cholecystectomies has been for the division of the cystic artery and liver bed dissection. Advancements in the Harmonic scalpel blade tip now provide for the reliable ultrasonic division and closure of the cystic duct. METHODS: In a personal, prospective series involving 100 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomies, the Harmonic scalpel was used as the sole instrument for division of the cystic duct and artery as well as dissection of the liver bed. Two patients with large cystic ducts (over 5 mm) received an additional ductal ligature. RESULTS: No patients developed postoperative hemorrhage or bile leakage. CONCLUSION: The Harmonic scalpel provides complete hemobiliary stasis for most patients and is a safe alternative to standard clip or ligature closure of the cystic duct. Furthermore, there may be a cost savings inherent in a procedure utilizing a single disposable instrument.     

三孔法超声刀腔镜胆囊切除术体会

目的 探讨使用超声刀行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的方法和体会.方法 对430例急、慢性胆囊良性疾病使用超声刀行三孔法LC病例进行回顾性分析,经脐部10 mm孔、剑突下10 mm孔及右上腹5 mm孔实施手术.结果 420例成功施行三孔法LC,6例中转四孔法LC,4例中转开腹胆囊切除手术;全组患者均痊愈出院,无严重并发症发生,仅2例剑突下切口感染,换药引流后痊愈.结论 在四孔法LC操作熟练的基础上选择恰当病例开展三孔法超声刀LC安全可行,更加微创美观.     

超声刀和内给氧在老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨超声刀及注射内给氧在老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopiccholecystectomy,LC)中的应用效果。方法1999年4月～2005年2月运用超声刀及注射用内给氧行老年人(>60岁)LC357例。手术时间<2h者术后常规静脉输注注射用内给氧(过氧化碳酰胺)1g,根据血氧饱和度调整用量,<95%时予1g,<90%时予2g,必要时重复给药。手术时间>2h者,术中也可内给氧1～2g。结果351例成功完成LC,6例中转开腹。术后胆漏2例,分别经保守治疗、内镜鼻胆管引流治愈,死亡1例。317例予内给氧,平均用量1.4(1～6)g。随访274例,时间3个月～3年,未发现胆道并发症。结论对老年人LC应加强围手术期处理,灵活采取各种不同的处理方法。应用超声刀、低压气腹及内给氧有利于降低手术风险,提高手术安全性。     

Use of the ultrasonic dissecting scalpel in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: We evaluated the use of the ultrasonically activated (harmonic) scalpel (HS) in the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: A total of 282 consecutive patients, 64 of whom had acute cholecystitis at the time of surgery, underwent LC using HS dissection. Indications for surgery included chronic pain (180 cases), episodes of acute cholecystitis (89 cases), pancreatitis (five cases), and jaundice (seven cases). Twenty-seven patients had preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Results: The mean operating time was 29 ± 9 mins. Eleven procedures were converted to open surgery, (four due to bleeding, six due to unclear anatomy, and one due to an inflammatory mass caused by gangrene/perforation). Complications occurred in 14 patients. They included minor port site infection (four cases), pulmonary atelectasis (three cases), urinary retention (two cases), intraoperative cathetherization not routinely performed, bile leak (two cases, both from cystic duct; one of the cystic duct leaks occurred because of dislodgement of the occluding clip, the other may have been due to duct injury from the clip), pulmonary embolus (one case), and myocardial infarction (one case). Neither of the latter complications were fatal. One patient required a postoperative transfusion due to a fall in hematocrit of 3.2 gr/dl. Conclusions: LC performed with the HS is feasible and effective. Operating time and blood loss were minimal, and the conversion rate was low (3.9%). There were no bile duct injuries. Use of the HS makes dissection easier, thereby helping to reduce operative time and lower the need for conversion to open surgery. Received: 30 April 1999/Accepted: 22 November 1999/Online publication: 4 August 2000     

Laparoscopic "Dome-down" cholecystectomy with the LCS-5 Harmonic scalpel.

OBJECTIVE: Misidentification of ductal anatomy and electrocautery injuries are complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Dome-down LC creates a 360-degree view of the gallbladder-cystic duct junction, reducing the risk for anatomy misidentification. In addition, ultrasonic instrumentation eliminates the risk for electrocautery injuries. This study assessed the feasibility and safety of dome-down LC combined with ultrasound technology. METHODS: Patients with noncancerous gallbladder disease were enrolled consecutively. Gallbladders were classified by clarity (Class I to IV) of anatomy and pathology (acute, chronic, or acalculous). The gallbladder was dissected from the gallbladder bed using a dome-down technique, and the cystic artery was coagulated and transected with the LCS-5 Harmonic scalpel (Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio). The cystic duct was ligated with 2-polydioxanone Endoloops size 2-0 and sharply divided, leaving one Endoloop on the cystic duct stump. RESULTS: LC was successfully completed in 105 patients (mean age, 44 years; range, 18 to 91 years) in whom the anatomy was classified as Class I in 30 (29%) patients, Class II in 42 (38%), Class III in 25 (24%), and Class IV in 8 (8%). Gallbladder dissection time ranged from 8 to 42 minutes (mean, 18 min). The operating room time ranged from 32 to 128 minutes (mean, 55 min). Two gallbladder perforations occurred, but no complications were associated with the extrahepatic biliary tree, viscera, or major blood vessels. Elective conversion occurred in 8 (7.6%) patients due to poor visualization of anatomy because of inflammation and adhesions. Patient blood loss was minimal in all cases. No postoperative complications were observed after a 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Dome-down laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the LCS-5 Harmonic scalpel decreases the potential for misidentification of ductal anatomy, has minimal complications, and eliminates electrocautery risks. Conversion is related to poor visualization of anatomy due to inflammation and adhesions.     

Comparison of harmonic scalpel and high-frequency electrocautery in radial artery harvesting

AIM: We evaluated the effects of the radial artery on the functional outcomes and endothelium when the harvest was made either by harmonic scalpel or by high-frequency electrocautery. METHODS: Between 2002 and 2007, 982 patients with coronary artery diseases were operated for coronary artery revascularization. The radial arteries were harvested for 101 of these patients and divided into two groups depending on the use of the harmonic scalpel (Group A; N=51) and the high-frequency electrocautery (Group B; N=50). Harvesting time, use of hemostatic clips, frequency of spasm, in situ free flow, and endothelial damage were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Conventional high-frequency electrocautery technique used 8.7+/-3.9 hemostatic clips versus 1.5+/-1 clips (P<0.001). In situ free blood flow was 85+/-5.5 mL/min for Group B versus 114+/-21.7 mL/min for Group A (P<0.006). The endothelial damage of the radial arteries taken down with the harmonic scalpel was significantly less than when taken down with the high-frequency electrocautery (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of harvesting time and spasm between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic dissection with harmonic scalpel of the radial artery is associated with a decreased use of hemostatic clips. Moreover, the harmonic scalpel has a positive effect on endothelial preservation and it was associated with increased free blood flow of the radial artery.     

钝性冷分离结合Calot后三角解剖入路防止腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的胆管损伤

目的:探讨钝性冷分离结合Calot后三角解剖入路在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中防止胆管损伤的临床效果及应用价值。方法:LC术中切断胆囊管前常规先钝性冷分离处理Calot三角,明确胆囊壶腹、胆囊管、胆囊动脉后再切断胆囊管。结果:全组959例(98.5%)顺利完成手术,无一例胆道损伤;15例(1.5%)中转开腹,其中8例Calot三角致密粘连,3例因术中冰冻病理报告提示胆囊癌中转开腹行胆囊癌根治术,2例为Mirizzi综合征,2例为胆囊十二指肠内瘘。手术时间20~105 min,平均(50.07±16.2)min;术中出血量5~120 ml,平均(55.11±28.37)ml;术后随访3~24个月,无发热、腹痛、黄疸、胆囊窝血肿、积液及胆道狭窄等并发症发生。结论:LC术中采用钝性冷分离结合Calot后三角解剖入路,可有效防止术中胆管损伤,进一步提高LC的安全性。     

腹腔镜下胆囊三角解剖困难的处理

目的总结腹腔镜下对胆囊三角解剖困难情况的处理方法及体会。方法回顾性分析2001年3月至2006年1月我院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术中遇到的胆囊三角解剖困难68例,其中胆囊三角严重粘连者29例,胆囊管结石嵌顿17例,胆囊管过短(≤1cm)6例,胆囊动脉变异16例。根据情况分别采取逆行切除胆囊、胆囊切开取石、胆囊大部分切除、中转开腹术。结果全组中61例完成LC,中转开腹7例。26例置腹腔引流管,1~5d后拔管。胆总管轻微刺伤2例,采用无损伤线缝合;伤口感染3例,经换药后治愈;膈下积液6例,经B超引导穿刺抽液(2例)和延长抗感染治疗(4例)痊愈。无胆漏、大出血等严重并发症。结论根据胆囊三角解剖困难的具体情况作相应处理,有利于提高LC的成功率,减少LC并发症。但解剖极困难时,需果断中转开腹。     

RAVECAB: improving outcome in off-pump minimal access surgery with robotic assistance and video enhancement.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of using the harmonic scalpel and robotic assistance to facilitate thoracoscopic harvest of the internal thoracic artery (ITA). DESIGN: A case series. SETTING: London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients requiring harvest of the ITA for coronary artery bypass grafting. INTERVENTION: Robot-assisted, video-enhanced coronary artery bypass (RAVECAB) through limited-access incisions, using the harmonic scalpel and a voice-activated robotic assistant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ease and duration of the harvesting technique, complications of the procedure, graft flow and patency, and duration of postoperative hospitalization. RESULTS: RAVECAB facilitated thoracoscopic dissection of the ITA with the harmonic scalpel in all cases. There were no conversions to a standard approach and no reoperations for bleeding. The mean (and standard deviation) ITA harvest time was 64.1 (22.9) minutes (range from 40 to 118 minutes). Robotic voice command capture rate was greater than 95%. Mean (and SD) intraoperative graft flows were 33.1 (26.8) mL/min (range from 14 to 126 mL/min). There was 100% graft patency on postoperative angiography. There were no deaths, perioperaive myocardial infarction or arrhythmias. Mean (and SD) postoperative hospitalization was 3.3 (0.8) days. CONCLUSIONS: RAVECAB is a demanding procedure that addresses many of the disadvantages of the "conventional" minimally invasive coronary artery bypass. It allows complete pedicle dissection with minimal ITA manipulation and assures sufficient conduit length and a tension-free coronary artery anastomosis. All anastomoses were performed under direct vision through a 5- to 8-cm inferior mammary incision.