评论:桡骨小头骨折的手术治疗

桡骨小头为盘状，上面为桡骨小头凹，与肱骨小头构成肱桡关节，其周围镶有一层软骨，构成环状关节面，与尺骨的桡骨切迹对合，是前臂旋转活动的重要结构。桡骨小头骨折是关节内骨折，如果有移位，理应切开复位内固定，恢复解剖位置，早期活动，以恢复肘关节伸屈和前臂旋转功能。如果骨折粉碎无法复位和固定，只要有条件就应当行桡骨小头假体置换，维持桡骨长度，重建前臂旋转功能，因为切除桡骨小头会导致桡骨上移，尺骨小头相对过长，在腕关节尺侧发生撞击，引起疼痛和无力。不过，桡骨小头置换仅适用于较年轻的患，肱骨小头关节面损伤也不适宜行桡骨小头假体置换，如果合并肘关节内侧不稳，还必须同时修复损伤的内侧副韧带。     

肘关节的解剖结构与常用手术入路

肘关节包括：（1）肱骨滑车与尺骨滑车切迹组成的肱尺关节；（2）肱骨小头和桡骨关节凹组成的肱桡关节；（3）桡骨环状关节面与尺骨桡切迹组成的桡尺近侧关节。3个关节包在同一关节囊内，前二者司屈伸，后者司回旋，构成复合的车轴-屈戍关节。     

桡骨头骨折的治疗研究进展

<正>一、解剖及损伤机制桡骨头为盘状,其上面凹陷,覆盖软骨并与肱骨小头构成肱桡关节。横截面上桡骨头略呈椭圆形,其周围镶有一层软骨,构成环状关节面与尺骨的桡骨切迹对合,构成上尺桡关节,二者有严格的相适性,是前臂旋转活动的重要结构。研究表明,桡骨头具有作为杠杆传导肱桡关节所受的承载负荷和稳定肘关节的作用,在前臂旋转伸肘时,肱桡关节具有最大接触面积并传导最大负荷,即使将前臂骨间膜切断,肱     

冠突骨折行桡骨小头切除对肘关节稳定性的实验研究

[目的]桡骨小头粉碎骨折时往往行桡骨小头切除术。本研究目的是分析桡骨小头粉碎骨折伴尺骨冠突骨折时行桡骨小头切除前后肘关节的稳定性。[方法]选取骨密度值相近的上肢标本20对,经X线片证实无风湿、结核、肿瘤、骨折、畸形等。剥离上肢所有的皮肤、肌肉和筋膜,完整保留肘关节囊、内外侧副韧带、环状韧带及尺、桡骨骨间膜。调制好的牙托粉与标本两端固定后,将标本伸直侧位自由放置于生物力学机,关节轴与水平面垂直,肱骨外髁向上,于肱骨外髁处垂直向下载荷,记录肘外翻位移。将标本竖直固定于生物力学机,尺桡骨向下,肘关节伸直位,做肘外旋扭转,记录肘关节的转角。[结果]桡骨小头粉碎骨折伴冠突无骨折、Ⅰ型骨折、Ⅱ型骨折在桡骨小头切除后较切除前肘外翻位移及外旋角经统计学比较各组间并无显著性差异;伴冠突Ⅲ型骨折时在桡骨小头切除后较切除前肘外翻位移及外旋角显著增大。[结论]桡骨小头粉碎骨折伴冠突Ⅰ、Ⅱ型骨折行桡骨小头切除前后肘关节均稳定,可行桡骨小头切除术,Ⅲ型骨折不稳定,应修复桡骨小头或假体置换,并修复冠突及尺桡侧副韧带。     

尺骨截骨及外固定架联合治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨小头前脱位

[目的]探讨儿童桡骨小头陈旧性脱位的手术方法。[方法]对13例陈旧性桡骨小头前脱位病人采用尺骨上段截骨及外固定支架固定、桡骨小头闭合或切开复位、但不修复环状韧带进行治疗,平均年龄5.5岁(2~11岁),从受伤到手术时间为4个月~5 a,平均19个月。所有病人均无桡神经损伤,无桡骨小头变形。[结果]术后平均随访时间14个月(2个月~3 a),所有桡骨小头均维持良好复位,12例病人术后关节活动较术前改善,或与术前一致;1例术后旋后功能较术前减小10°。1例术后浅部钉眼感染。[结论]利用外固定支架固定尺骨截骨端可调整到使桡骨小头在任意方向的稳定性,该方法具有手术简单、并发症少、术后关节功能恢复快等优点,是一种可推荐的治疗方法。     

桡骨头MasonⅢ型骨折切开复位内固定治疗

目的 探讨通过切开复位内固定术保留Mason Ⅲ型骨折中桡骨头的方法。方法 以肱骨小头及尺骨桡切迹为参照，复位骨折的桡骨头，用克氏针经其安全区或环形关节面下方暂固定于尺骨近端，头下骨缺损以自体三层皮质髂骨填充，小T型接骨板固定。结果 经2～4年随访，7例患者中6例肘关节功能均达到优或良，1例骨不连。结论 MasonⅢ型桡骨头骨折以该方法治疗，可减少行桡骨头切除或假体置换的病例。     

肘关节造影在儿童陈旧性桡骨头脱位治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨和分析肘关节造影在儿童陈旧性桡骨头脱位治疗中的应用价值。方法 2014年1月至2017年1月,共收治15例陈旧性桡骨头脱位儿童,男11例,女4例;年龄3~11岁,平均9岁。术中行肘关节造影来观察桡骨头与关节囊的位置。通过手术打开关节囊,来证实桡骨头的脱位性质。采用尺骨近端截骨复位桡骨头,钢板螺钉固定截骨断端治疗。结果通过肘关节造影,12例桡骨头位于关节囊内,3例桡骨头位于关节囊外。打开关节囊,先天性桡骨头脱位的桡骨头与肱骨小头之间没有瘢痕组织,桡骨头凹浅平;而创伤性脱位的桡骨头与肱骨小头之间有明显的瘢痕组织,桡骨头凹明显。其中8例先天性桡骨头脱位病例桡骨头均位于关节囊内。7例创伤性脱位中4例桡骨头位于关节囊内,3例位于关节囊外。经过9个月至3年8个月,平均2年4个月的随访,术后没有桡骨头再脱位或半脱位情况发生。结论肘关节造影对于鉴别诊断桡骨头脱位有一定的辅助价值。尺骨近端截骨是治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨头脱位的一种有效方式。     

桡骨头的应力传导作用及其临床意义

目的明确桡骨头在肘关节中的应力传导作用。方法利用 SWD－ 10型材料试验机测量桡骨头的应力传导作用和桡骨头切除后经尺骨鹰嘴的应力分布变化。结果经桡骨头传导的应力大小约占所施加应力的 55％,桡骨头切除后,所施加的应力完全由肱尺关节承受,肱尺关节外侧关节面应力增加的幅度明显较内侧关节面大。结论桡骨头在肘关节应力传导和维持肘关节的稳定中起重要作用。     

切开复位环状韧带重建治疗单纯桡骨小头脱位3例

病例1:男,12岁。跌倒躯干后仰,右前臂旋前掌心触地致右肘关节过伸位损伤12h,检查见右前臂旋前位,右肘窝前侧可触及骨性隆起。X线片见右桡骨小头前脱位,尺骨轴线正常,未见尺骨骨折。手法复位感觉桡骨小头后侧有硬性组织阻碍,复位失败。臂丛麻醉下右肘关节后外侧入路,见桡骨小头脱于肱骨外髁前上方,环状韧带下半部分撕裂,残存坚韧的上半部分卡于桡骨小头后侧。术中牵开环状韧带,复位桡骨小头,修补撕裂的环状韧带,术后桡骨小头原位固定,肘屈90°石膏外固定,3周后解除外固定,功能正常,无脱位复发。病例2:男,9岁。跌倒双上肢伸直位掌心触地致伤,…     

阔筋膜重建环状韧带治疗陈旧性桡骨小头脱位的疗效评价

[目的] 评价阔筋膜重建环状韧带治疗陈旧性桡骨小头脱位的疗效.[方法] 回顾性研究了采用阔筋膜重建环状韧带治疗陈旧性桡骨小头脱位的24例患者,手术时年龄5-14岁,从受伤到接受手术治疗的时间间隔为6个月～5年,所有病例的治疗方法均应用阔筋膜替代环状韧带重建肱桡关节,术时并未行尺骨截骨,术后应用钢针固定肱桡关节.[结果] 获随访11例,随访时间5～7年,平均随访5年9个月.其中6例有不同程度的旋转功能受限.平均旋转受限69°,旋前平均受限33°,旋后平均受限36°.屈伸受限4例,其中伸直平均受限21°,屈曲受限不明显.半脱位2例,桡骨颈明显变细2例,肱桡关节钢针断裂4例.暂时性桡神经损伤1例.[结论] 大龄儿童13岁以上的桡骨小头脱位,脱位时间2年以上,应慎行阔筋膜重建环状韧带手术;取阔筋膜重建环状韧带,效果可靠,但增加了创伤.可考虑应用肱三头肌腱膜或前臂深筋膜替代环状韧带.     

"Osteoporosis and orthopods" incidences of osteoporosis in distal radius fracture from low energy trauma

Fracture of the distal radius from low energy trauma is a common presentation to orthopaedic trauma services. This fragility type fracture is associated with underlying osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a 'silent disease' where fragility fracture is a common presentation. Orthopaedic surgeons may be the only physician that these patients encounter. We found a high percentage of female patients who sustained a fragility fracture of the distal radius have an underlying osteoporosis. Further management of osteoporosis is important to prevent future fragility fractures.     

DVR解剖型接骨板结合注射型人工骨治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折

<正>2012年3月~2014年1月,我们采用DVR(distal volaris radius)解剖型桡骨远端锁定接骨板治疗38例桡骨远端不稳定性骨折,同时植入注射型人工骨填充骨缺损,术后早期功能锻炼,获得了较好的治疗效果,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组38例,男21例,女17例,年龄28~72岁。按AO分类:B2型4例,B3型7例,C1型11例,C2型9例,C3型7例。     

T形锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的 探讨T形锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折的方法,并评价临床效果.方法 对25例桡骨远端骨折,采用腕掌侧入路T形锁定加压接骨板于桡骨掌侧固定,术后早期功能锻炼.结果 所有病例均获得随访,临床疗效根据Dinest评分标准进行评定:优20例,良3例,可2例.结论 T形锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折,方法简单,疗效可靠.     

桡骨远端关节内骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨桡骨远端关节内骨折的手术治疗及临床效果。方法手术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折患者35例。按AO／ASIF分类,根据不同类型分别采用“T”钢板内固定、闭合复位外支架及闭合复位外支架克氏针联合固定术。结果35例经5～16个月随访,按照Dinest腕关节功能评估,总优良率84．2％,其中钢板内同定组15／17,单纯外支架组11／13,外支架联合克氏针组4／5。结论依据桡骨远端关节内不同类型骨折,分别采用相应手术固定方法,对恢复桡骨相对长度、掌倾度、尺偏角、关节面的平整以及腕关节的功能极为重要。     

桡骨远端骨折的手术治疗

目的总结桡骨远端骨折的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法采用背侧接骨板内固定、掌侧T形接骨板内固定或外固定架治疗桡骨远端骨折73例,其中植骨9例。结果73例全部获得随访,时间6-41个月。所有病例骨折愈合良好,无不愈合或延迟愈合。采用改良Mcbride评分和纽约骨科医院腕关节评估标准：优49例,良18例,可6例,优良率为91.78%。结论选择合适的手术方法治疗不同类型的桡骨远端骨折,使内固定稳妥可靠,可早期功能锻炼。     

Computer-assisted distal radius osteotomy

PURPOSE: To establish the accuracy, precision, and clinical feasibility of a novel technique of computer-assisted distal radius osteotomy for the correction of symptomatic distal radius malunion. METHODS: Six patients underwent a computer-assisted distal radius osteotomy and were followed-up for an average of 25 months. Objective radiographic measurements and functional outcomes, as measured by clinical examination including grip strength and range of motion, and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaires, were used. RESULTS: The mean radiographic parameters included an increase of radial inclination to 21 degrees from 12 degrees (normal, 23 degrees ). Dorsal and volar tilt (malunion) were corrected to 9 degrees from -30 degrees and 21 degrees, respectively (normal, 10 degrees ). Ulnar variance was corrected to 1.9 mm from 7.5 mm (normal, +1.5 mm). Normal is defined as the average of the contralateral limb radiographs. The mean clinical outcome measures at an average of 25 months included a DASH global score of 14, a DASH individual item average score of 1.6, and an average affected side grip strength of 79% when compared with the unaffected side. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the computer-assisted technique were comparable with published results of traditional non-computer-assisted opening wedge osteotomy techniques. This technique allows a surgeon to accurately and precisely recognize and correct 3-dimensional deformities of the distal radius including axial malalignment (supination). The technique has the added benefit of reducing radiation exposure to the patient and surgical team because fluoroscopy is not used during the procedure. Additional benefits of the computer-assisted technique include the ability to perform multiple surgical simulations to optimize the alignment plan, and it serves as an excellent teaching tool for less-experienced surgeons.     

桡骨远端关节内骨折的手术治疗(附12例临床报告)

目的 探讨桡骨远端关节内骨折手术治疗的效果。方法 对12例桡骨远端关节内骨折按通用分类法分类，Ⅲ型1例，ⅣA型3例，ⅣB型2例，ⅣC型5例，ⅣD型1例，5例术前行螺旋CT和三维重建检查。手术治疗的方法：外固定支架，外固定支架加克氏针，掌侧或背侧支持钢板，或支持钢板加克氏针，以及以单纯克氏针固定。结果 随访8-20个月，平均12个月，优9例，良2例，优良率为91.7％。结论 桡骨远端的关节内骨折在闭合复位欠佳时，应该考虑手术治疗，螺旋CT和三维重建技术在术前准备中可提供充分的骨折资料，术式的选择对不同类型的骨折应有所选择。     

Arthroscopic management of distal radius fractures

Arthroscopy has the advantage of providing a direct and accurate assessment of the articular surfaces and detecting the presence of injuries associated with distal radius fractures. Current indications, although numerous and potentially expanding, also are controversial. This report presents a global view of the current status of arthroscopy in the management of distal radius fractures. The rationale of arthroscopic treatment, the available evidence, and finally the diagnosis and treatment are discussed.     

Arthroscopic-assisted reduction of distal radius fractures

The outcomes of seven patients with severe comminuted intraarticular fractures of the distal radius treated by arthroscopic reduction and percutaneous external fixation (ARPEF) were retrospectively reviewed. All of the fractures were classified as C3 types using the AO classification scheme. Outcomes were evaluated using the Gartland and Werley functional criteria, an objective wrist examination a radiographic analysis, and a self-assessment outcome form at an average follow-up of 27 months (range, 12 to 45 months). All patients were free of pain and had returned to their prior occupations. No patient had articular incongruency of greater than 1 mm, and there was no evidence of radiocarpal degenerative change. Active range of motion and maximal grip strength averaged 92% and 98%, respectively, of the uninjured wrist. The technique of arthroscope-assisted reduction and percutaneous external fixation yielded excellent results in a small group of patients, with minimal complications.