阻挡钉结合交锁髓内钉固定治疗胫骨远端骨折疗效分析

目的对胫骨远端骨折行阻挡钉结合交锁髓内钉固定治疗的手术疗效进行评价。方法对15例胫骨远端骨折行阻挡钉结合交锁髓内钉固定手术治疗。结果本组15例均获随访8~16个月,平均12个月。末次随访时AOFAS评分75~98分,平均85.7分。未出现骨折延迟愈合、骨不连、内固定断裂、皮肤坏死等严重并发症。结论阻挡钉结合交锁髓内钉固定治疗胫骨远端骨折具有创伤小、固定稳定、对局部软组织血供破坏小、骨折愈合快等优点。     

交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的探讨交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效及注意事项。方法自2011-01—2013-06采用交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折12例,通过影像学资料和临床检查评估其治疗效果。结果 12例均获得随访3-15个月。骨折均愈合,愈合时间3-10个月,平均5个月。术后踝关节功能参照Baird-Jackson踝关节评分系统评价：优10例,良2例。结论交锁髓内钉尤其是改进型髓内钉治疗胫骨远端骨折增加了阻挡螺钉定位框使阻挡螺钉置入简单化,扩大了手术适应证且增加了骨折固定的稳定性,对于骨折线距离踝关节面5cm以内的骨折也能得到很好的固定。     

阻挡钉加强交锁髓内钉与锁定钢板在治疗胫骨远端骨折中的对比研究

[目的]比较阻挡钉加强交锁髓内钉和锁定钢板固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效.[方法]采用微创内固定技术治疗32例胫骨远端骨折,根据内固定方式分成髓内钉组(n=17)和锁定钢板组(n=15),比较两组的手术时间,骨折愈合时间,踝关节最大背伸度,并采用Olerud-Molander踝关节评分评价结果.[结果]所有患者获得55～81周(平均60.3周)的随访,两组患者在手术时间、踝关节最大背伸度方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有骨折均获得愈合,平均愈合时间髓内钉组为20.5周,锁定钢板组为21.2周.Olerud-Molander踝关节评分结果均为优良.[结论]对于胫骨远端骨折,阻挡钉加强交锁髓内钉和微创锁定钢板都是有效的固定方式,根据损伤具体情况,选择合适的固定方式.     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折

目的探讨交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折疗效。方法26例胫骨远端开放性骨折患者,先清创或牵引复位外固定,再闭合或小切口切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定。结果患者均获随访,时间7～22(15.2±3.3)个月。骨性愈合时间3.5～15.5(7.3±2.8)个月。术后功能恢复按Johner-Wruhs标准:优16例,良8例,可2例。可2例中1例出现骨折延迟愈合、断钉,经更换髓内钉并植骨后5个月获骨性愈合;1例皮肤坏死,经清创后Ⅱ期植皮愈合,遗留踝关节功能障碍。结论交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折是一种有效方法。     

极远端胫骨交锁髓内钉结合阻挡螺钉技术微创治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的 介绍极远端胫骨交锁髓内钉结合阻挡螺钉(blocking screw)技术治疗胫骨远端骨折的手术方法 ,并评估初步临床疗效.方法 2007年3月至2007年9月,采用极远端胫骨交锁髓内钉结合阻挡螺钉技术治疗胫骨远端骨折患者5例,男4例,女1例;年龄21～45岁,平均31.8岁.对其临床资料进行分析,并评估其临床疗效.结果 所有患者术后随访时间3～43周,平均22.2周,均达到解剖复位并获得稳定固定,术后伤口均顺利愈合,未发生软组织并发症.结论 与常规切开复位、支撑钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折比较,极远端胫骨交锁髓内钉结合阻挡螺钉技术具有微创、手术时间短、固定可靠、术后软组织恢复好等优点.     

交锁髓内钉和经皮钢板固定治疗胫骨远端干骺端骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较交锁髓内钉和经皮钢板固定治疗胫骨远端干骺端骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2004年5月～2005年8月采用交锁髓内钉或经皮钢板固定的51例胫骨远端干骺端骨折的治疗效果，根据内固定方式分成髓内钉组（n=27）和钢板组（n=24），比较两组的手术时间，出血量，透视次数，骨折愈合时间，踝关节前后向、内外翻成角，踝关节最大背伸度及并发症，并采用Olerud-Molander踝关节评分评价结果。结果 所有患者获得12—27个月（21．2个月）随访，两组患者在手术时间、透视次数、踝关节最大背伸度方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。所有骨折均获得愈合，平均愈合时间髓内钉组为20．0周，钢板组为18．6周。Olerud-Molander踝关节评分结果均为优良。髓内钉组具有较少的手术出血量，钢板组具有更好的骨折对线；髓内钉组有5例发生畸形愈合，钢板组有4例发生局部软组织并发症。结论 对于胫骨远端骨折，交锁髓内钉和经皮钢板固定都是有效的固定方式，经皮钢板能够提供更好的骨折端稳定性，而交锁髓内钉有利于处理伴有局部软组织损伤的骨折。     

阻挡钉结合交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨远端骨折的生物力学研究

目的比较交锁髓内钉在治疗胫骨远端骨折时不使用阻挡钉、使用1枚阻挡钉、使用2枚阻挡钉3种条件下的生物力学稳定性。方法将8具国人新鲜尸体的双侧胫骨制成胫骨远端骨折模型,每具尸体的左右侧胫骨随机分成A、B2组。其中A组截骨平面位于踝关节平面上方7cm,用以模拟低位胫骨远端骨折,能使用2枚冠状面锁钉的骨折类型;B组截骨平面位于踝关节平面上方5cm,用以模拟极低位胫骨远端骨折,仅能使用1枚冠状面锁钉的骨折类型。A、B2组均在不使用阻挡钉、使用1枚阻挡钉、使用2枚阻挡钉3种条件下进行生物力学稳定性测试。结果在A组实验中,不使用阻挡钉、使用1枚阻挡钉、使用2枚阻挡钉之间位移明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;在B组测试中,不使用阻挡钉与使用1枚阻挡钉时位移差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但使用1枚和2枚阻挡钉时位移差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在A组类型骨折中使用交锁髓内钉,可以结合阻挡钉以显著提高内固定的稳定性;在B组类型骨折中使用交锁髓内钉,必须使用2枚阻挡钉方可在一定程度上改善内固定的稳定性,但与A组相比,总体稳定性明显变差,如在临床中确需使用,需加用恰当的外固定或采用改良型交锁髓内钉。     

交锁髓内钉远端锁入可吸收螺钉治疗胫骨骨折

目的比较交锁髓内钉远端锁入可吸收螺钉与锁入金属锁钉静力型固定在治疗胫骨骨折中的临床效果。方法采用交锁髓内钉远端锁入可吸收螺钉固定治疗25例胫骨骨折患者（试验组）,检测骨折愈合及并发症情况,并与同期锁入金属锁钉静力型固定28例胫骨骨折（对照组）的随访结果进行比较。结果患者均获得随访,时间4~13个月。骨折愈合时间：试验组为13~16（14.28±0.94）周,对照组为14~18（15.89±1.13）周,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论交锁髓内钉远端锁入可吸收螺钉比锁入金属锁钉静力型固定更有利于胫骨骨折愈合。     

急诊交锁髓内钉内固定加锁钉开口处取骨植骨治疗胫骨中下段闭合性骨折

目的 探讨急诊切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定加锁钉开口处取骨植骨治疗胫骨下段闭合性骨折的疗效.方法 对26例胫骨下段闭合性骨折患者行切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗,并行交锁髓内钉开口处取骨一期植骨.结果 患者均获随访,时间7～26(15±3.6)个月.切口均愈合良好,无感染,无皮肤坏死.24例骨折3～5(3.8±0.4)个月完全愈合,2例延迟愈合,未出现骨不连.按Tenny和Wiss评分系统评价疗效:优21例,良3例,可2例.结论 采用切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定加交锁髓内钉开口处取骨治疗胫骨下段闭合性骨折,能提高骨折一期愈合率,避免二期植骨手术和髂骨取骨的并发症.     

交锁髓内钉和微创解剖钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折的对比研究

目的 探讨经皮微创解剖钢板和交锁髓内钉技术治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效对比.方法 2003年2月～2007年1月,收治胫骨远端骨折45例.髓内钉治疗25例.微创解剖钢板20例,评估术后感染、不愈合、延迟愈合、畸形愈合,踝关节功能.结果 随访时间12～60个月,平均24个月.大于5°畸形髓内钉8例,微创解剖钢板2例,有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后感染、不愈合、延迟愈合及踝关节功能评分等均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 经皮微创解剖钢板和交锁髓内钉技术都是治疗胫骨远端骨折较好的方法,在闭合性或Ⅰ度开放性胫骨远端骨折,行微创解剖钢板固定比髓内钉更能维持远端对线.     

阻钉技术对交锁髓内钉断钉的影响

目的探讨阻钉技术对交锁髓内钉断钉的预防作用。方法2003年1月~2005年8月,采用交锁髓内钉固定长骨干骨折56例,男32例,女24例。年龄21~65岁,平均34岁。其中股骨骨折26例,胫骨骨折30例,均为新鲜、闭合性骨折。骨折类型:中部横断骨折10例,中部短斜形骨折11例,中部长斜形或螺旋形骨折20例,远、近1/3骨干骨折15例。前期32例患者采用常规的交锁髓内钉固定骨折(组),后期24例中部长斜形或螺旋形骨折及远、近1/3骨折患者采用交锁髓内钉配合阻钉固定骨折(组)。结果获随访12~21个月,平均16个月。组3例患者骨折未愈合,其中1例股骨中部长斜形骨折主钉在骨折线附近断裂,另2例胫骨远1/3骨折主钉在靠近骨折端的第1个锁钉孔处断裂;其余患者术后6~12个月获骨性愈合,但骨折处出现较多骨痂。组患者于术后3~8个月获骨性愈合,骨折对位、对线良好,无断钉发生。结论阻钉技术配合交锁髓内钉应用可明显增强骨折断端稳定性,减少断钉发生。     

Recommendation of use of checklists in tibial intramedullary nail removal: Retrospective study of mechanical complications related to nail removal

BackgroundThe removal of implants such as intramedullary nails is one of the most common operations in orthopedic surgery. The indications for orthopedic implants removal will always remain a subject of conversation and hardly supported by literature. The aim of this study to report injuries of treatment in tibial nail removal and to determine if there are fracture characteristics, patient demographics, or surgical details that may predict a complication.MethodsThis is a retrospective seven-year (2010–2016) study including a total of 389 tibial intramedullary nail removals at the Helsinki University Hospital’s orthopedic unit. Patients with tibial fracture and removal of intramedullary nail were identified from the hospital discharge register and analyzed.ResultsA total of 21 (5,4%) nail removal related mechanical complications (iatrogenic fractures, nerve injuries, failures to remove the nail) were noted. The most common complication was iatrogenic fracture (n = 15, 3,8%). In 6/15 cases the fracture was caused by broken interlocking screws, In 5/15 cases the iatrogenic fracture was caused accidentally by extracting the nail without prior removal of all distal interlocking screws. In one case, new condensed bone had formed around the nail’s distal end and case the forced nail extraction caused a re-fracture in both tibia and fibula.ConclusionNail removal can be a challenging operation which does not always receive the necessary preoperative planning or operative expertise. Iatrogenic fractures were most often caused by inadequate preoperative planning or assuming that a broken interlocking screw tilts during the extraction. We suggest the use of checklists in preoperative planning to avoid fractures caused by broken or undetected interlocking screws.     

Modified tibial nails for treating distal tibia fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the biomechanical consequences of cutting one centimeter off the tip of a tibial nail when treating distal tibia fractures with intramedullary nails. DESIGN: Randomized laboratory investigation using matched pairs of cadaveric tibias with osteotomies made to resemble distal tibia fractures extending to four and five centimeters from the tibiotalar joints. INTERVENTION: The smaller (four-centimeter) distal tibias were stabilized using ten-millimeter diameter tibial nails that had been modified by removing the distal one centimeter of the nail. The five-centimeter distal tibias were stabilized with standard ten-millimeter diameter tibial nails. Each tibia was tested in elastic compression, rotation, and compression-bending on a servohydraulic materials testing machine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Stiffness was calculated for each type of loading to compare stability of the modified nail construct to that of the standard nail construct. RESULTS: Four-centimeter distal tibia fragments stabilized with modified nails have comparable stiffness in compression and in torsion to five-centimeter distal tibia fragments stabilized with standard tibial nails. The stiffness in compression-bending was surprisingly low in both groups and differed by only 3.7 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of one centimeter from the tip of a tibial nail allows placement of two distal interlocking screws in tibial fractures located four centimeters from the tibiotalar joint. The fixation strength achieved is comparable to that of standard intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures located five centimeters from the tibiotalar joint using two distal interlocking screws. Fixation strength with these distal fractures, however, is not strong enough to resist moderate compression-bending loads. Thus, patients with distal tibia fractures treated with intramedullary nailing must follow weight-bearing restrictions until significant fracture healing occurs to prevent coronal plane malalignment of the fracture.     

胫骨带锁髓内钉治疗骨折与锁钉装置的改进

目的：探讨应用带锁髓内钉治疗胫腌骨骨折，在不需X线引导下进行手术的可行性和效果。方法：应用非扩髓带锁骨内钉治疗胫骨骨折46例。其中闭合性骨折25例，开放性骨折21例。改进带锁髓内钉远端瞄准器，增设辅助定位装置。结果：全部病例经随访6个月以上，除1例骨折术后10个月愈合外，45例骨折愈合时间平均4．8个月。患者膝、踝关节功能均恢复正常。改进后的带锁髓内钉远端瞄准器，一次钻孔交锁成功45例，无锁钉放置失败，术后无髓内钉或锁钉断裂。结论：非扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折，手术不需X线引导，改进后的带锁髓内钉远端瞄准器，锁钉准确，简便实用。     

胫骨干骨折带锁髓内钉固定和钢板螺钉固定的对比研究

目的：对照回顾性分析带锁髓内钉和钢板内固定两种方法治疗胫骨干骨折的效果。方法：髓内钉组32例（35处骨折）,根据AO分型,42A型11处,42B型18处,42C型6处;钢板组42例（45处骨折）,42A型10处,42B型22处,42C型13处。平均伤后手术时间在髓内钉和钢板组分别为3d和3.5d。随访评估患者手术时间,活动度,愈合时间,术后并发症之间的差别。结果：术后平均随访13个月（8～26个月）。髓内钉组平均手术时间为84min,钢板螺钉组平均为93min。髓内钉组踝关节平均背屈度为13°（0°～20°）,钢板组为11°（0°～20°）;跖屈分别为41°（30°～50°）,47°（30°～50°）。愈合时间髓内钉组平均为3.3个月,钢板螺钉平均为3.5个月。术后X线片显示髓内钉固定有1例出现旋转畸形,钢板组有3例出现成角畸形,均为胫骨远端1/3骨折。结论：在治疗胫骨骨折方面,带锁髓内钉和钢板内固定两种方法都可以取得理想的效果。     

胫骨骨折的交锁髓内钉治疗

目的：观察交锁髓内钉在胫骨骨折中的治疗效果。方法：1997年2月－2000年2月对37例胫骨骨折采用交锁髓内钉治疗,男30例,女7例,年龄18－65岁,闭合性骨折28例,开放性骨折6例,陈旧性骨折2例,胫骨骨不连2例,开放性骨折采用非扩髓髓内钉,闭合性骨折采用扩髓髓内钉。结果：37例得到随访,骨折全部愈合,无锁钉及髓内钉松动、断裂,膝踝关节功能正常,迟发性感染1例。结论：交锁髓内钉在治疗胫骨骨折中具有创伤小、固定坚强、骨折愈合率高、能早期活动、感染率低等优点,是一种较好的内固定方法。     

Unreamed interlocking intra medullary nailing in treating tibial and fibular fractures

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience in the use of unreamed interlocking intramedullary nails. METHOD: From 1995 to 1997, 54 tibial and fibular fractures were treated with unreamed interlocking intramedullary nails they included open fractures (9 cases) and close fractures (45). RESULT: All fractures healed within 6 months and showed good knee and ankle joint functions. Slight postoperation infection was found in one of the open fractures. Incomplete injury of peroneal nerve was noted in 1 case. CONCLUSION: Unreamed interlocking intramedullary nail can be used to treat diaphyseal fractures effectively. It can protect the soft tissue envelope around the fracture and prerent local blood supply from further damaginge.     

The mechanical effect of blocking screws ("Poller screws") in stabilizing tibia fractures with short proximal or distal fragments after insertion of small-diameter intramedullary nails

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To evaluate the mechanical effects of medial and lateral blocking screws in supplementing intramedullary nail fixation of high proximal and low distal tibial fractures treated with small-diameter intramedullary nails. STUDY DESIGN: Intact fresh human cadaveric tibiae were sectioned to provide ten distal segments measuring seventy millimeters and ten proximal segments measuring ninety millimeters. In the distal segments, stainless steel solid eight-millimeter tibial nails were advanced to eight millimeters from the ankle joint. Two transverse and one anterior-posterior (AP) locking screw were inserted using a custom-made jig. The same jig was used for the placement of a medial and a lateral blocking screw (BS) in the AP direction, nine millimeters above the superior most interlocking screw and eight millimeters distal to the lower end of the segment. In the proximal segments, two interlocking screws (both static and dynamic screws) were placed in a medial-lateral direction with the use of the insertion handle. A jig was used for placement of a medial and a lateral BS in the AP direction, nine millimeters below the lower transverse interlocking screw and sixteen millimeters proximal to the lower end of the segment. The bone-implant construct (BIC) was embedded and fixed in a materials testing machine. The BICs were loaded in the medial-lateral direction at a distance of 185 millimeters from the nail ends with loads from -150 newtons to + 150 newtons. Force-displacement curves were recorded before and after insertion of the BSs. RESULTS: In proximal BICs, the addition of BSs decreased the deformation of the BICs 25 percent, from 8.9 +/- 1.9 degrees [mean +/- standard deviation (SD)] in the control group to 6.8 +/-1.1 degrees in the BS group (mean +/- SD) (p < 0.0001). In distal BICs, the addition of BSs decreased the deformation of the BICs 57 percent, from 9.5 +/- 1.4 degrees (mean +/- SD) in the control group to 4.0 +/- 1.0 degrees in the BS group (mean +/- SD) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that medial and lateral blocking screws can increase the primary stability of distal and proximal metaphyseal fractures after nailing and can be an effective tool for selected cases that exhibit malalignment and/or instability.