Comparative assay of Hepatitis B and C virus infection markers by different assay kits

In order to compare sensitivity of EIA and RIA assay kits for hepatitis B and C virus(HBV and HCV,respectively)infection markers,100 serum samples in total wre collected form 50 adult women each in urban and rual areas in northeast China.The number of positive cases to the three infection markers on HBV(i.e..,HBsAg^ ,anti-HBs^ ,and anti-HBc^ )and the one on HVC (anti-HCV)were examined in two laboratories,i.e.,in Laboratory A with EIA kits produced in China and in Laboratory B with RIA kits.HCV infection positivity(anti-HCV^ )was examined by EIA kits in both laboratories,but from diffeent sources in and outside of China,respectively.The assay in Laboratory A gave 2 HBsAg^ cases out of the 100 cases examined,whereas there were 9 positive cases in Labortory B,In contrast,19 cases were positive to anti-HCV when examined in Laborator A,and there were 3 cases in Laboratory B.Thus,the kits used in Laboratory A gave fewer HBsAg^ and more anti-HCV^ cases than the kits used in Laboratory B.The prevlence of antiHBs^ or anti-HBc^ and cases did not differ when assayed in the two laboratories with EIA and RIA kts,respectively,The agreement of positive and negative findings between the two set of testing were 93%,93%,93%,86%and 82% for HBsAg,anti-HBs,anti-HBc,BHV(i.e.,either positive to anyone of the three markers or negative to all three markers),and anti-HCV,respectively.The implication of the observation on epidemiology on HBV and HCV infection prevalence was discussed.     

HIV-1感染者中HCV感染对于隐匿性HBV感染的影响

目的探讨在人免疫缺陷病毒-1(human immunodeficiency virus-1,HIV-1)感染者中丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染对于隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染的影响。方法研究对象为河南某艾滋病治疗示范区中178例乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)阴性的经有偿献血感染HIV-1未经抗病毒治疗的患者,检测项目包括肝功能,HBV及HCV血清标志物,HBV DNA和HCV RNA。分析HIV-1阳性,抗HCV阳性、抗HCV阴性组及HIV-1/HCV感染组中不同HCV RNA载量组HBV病原学检测结果方面的差异。结果 178例HBsAg阴性的HIV-1感染者中,HBV-M全阴性35例;单独抗HBs阳性25例;单独抗HBc阳性51例;HBsAb及HBcAb均阳性34例。抗HCV阳性HIV-1感染者与抗HCV阴性HIV-1感染者的年龄、性别比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);丙氨酸转移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)浓度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);乙肝标志物(HBV marker,HBV-M)阴性、单独乙肝表面抗体(hepatitis B surface antibody,HBsAb)阳性、单独乙肝核心抗体(hepatitis B core antibody,HBcAb)阳性、HBsAb及HBcAb均阳性及HBV DNA阳性例数比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同HCV RNA载量患者HBV DNA检测结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经有偿献血感染HIV-1人群中,HCV感染及HCV RNA载量高低与隐匿性HBV感染的发生无关;但合并HCV感染可加重HIV-1感染者的肝功能损害。     

对血站合格献血员复检HBV HCV阳性率分析

目的：了解我区献血员的管理及筛查情况。方法：随机采集了我区4个盟市血站503份合格献血员血样,并进行了相关调查,采用ELISA法复检。结果：HBsAg阳性率为1.99%（10/503）;抗-HBc阳性率15.90%(80/503);抗-HBs阳性率21.87%(110/503);抗-HCV阳性率2.19%(11/503),其中HBV、HCV双重感染的8例,HBsAg、抗-HBc双阳性3例。对抗-HBc、抗-HBs双阳性以及单纯阳性者经PCR法检测HBVDNA均为阴性。结论：说明我区血站管理及对献血员筛查工作还存在着一定的漏洞,献血员筛查抗-HBc对预防输血后乙肝无多大价值,应把重点放在选用灵敏度高的试剂进行筛查。     

乙肝病毒血清标志物与DNA定量联合检测的临床应用价值

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）两对半抗原抗体系统、前S1蛋白（Pre-S1）和HBV脱氧核糖核酸（HBV-DNA）之间的关系及临床意义。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清标志物,用荧光定量PCR检测HBV-DNA。结果A组（HBsAg^＋HBeAg^＋抗HBc^＋）HBV-DNA、Pre-S1阳性率为98.63%、86.30%;B组（HBsAg^＋抗HBe＋抗HBc^＋）HBV-DNA、Pre-S1阳性率为48.37%、22.22%;C组（其它模式）HBV-DNA、Pre-S1阳性率为4.96%、0.83%。HBV-DNA定量结果A组显著高于B、C两组（P〈0.01）;B组显著高于C组（P〈0.05）。结论正确合理地分析HBV血清学指标出现的类型,与HBV-DNA的联合动态检测有助于临床诊断、疗效观察及预后判断。     

合理选择乙型肝炎疫苗接种对象

对广州地区正常人群17300多例调查发现HBsAg阳性(RIA)率高达15.5％,抗-HBs阳性率(RIA)达40.0％。对486例易感者应用乙型肝炎疫苗后的免疫应答进行了观察,认为在推广乙型肝炎疫苗免疫预防时,对接种对象需要进行血清学筛查,检查项目应包括HBsAg、抗-HBs以及抗-HBc,可以减少盲目性,以最低花费获取较大效益。HBV感染中母婴传播固然重要,但少年儿童中的水平传播不能低估。乙型肝炎疫苗接种重点不应只限于新生儿,7岁以下的儿童亦应列为重点对象。使用不同批号、不同厂家生产的国产疫苗,无论0、1、6月或0、1、2月法,每次10μg皮下注射,均有良好免疫应答,抗-HBs阳转率可达90％左右。     

性传播疾病危险人群乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎病毒感染的血清流行病学调查

通过对４３１名卖淫妇女和１０９名正常妇女ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ感染的血清学指标的检测、性传播有关因素的调查，发现卖淫妇女ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ感染中的抗－Ｈｋｃ为４３．１５％，抗－ＨＢｓ为３６．８９％，ＨＢｓＡｇ为１０．４４％，抗－ＨＣＶ为９．５１％，明显高于正常妇女；有性传播疾病者ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ的各项感染指标也明显高于正常妇女。卖淫妇女的抗－ＨＣＶ感染率有随年龄增长而增高的趋势，与卖淫时限长、卖淫次数多有明显差别，这表明卖淫妇女中有较严重的ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ感染。     

Prevaccination screening of medical and dental students. Should low levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen preclude vaccination?

The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in 484 medical and 329 dental students was studied. Three students (0.9%) were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reactive, and 46 students (5.7%) were reactive for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). There was no difference in anti-HBs frequency between medical and dental students, and the prevalence of this marker was not associated with year in school. Of the 46 reactors, eight (17%) were nonreproducible and 38 (83%) were reproducibly reactive when the same samples were reanalyzed. Of note, all nonreproducible reactors exhibited anti-HBs sample-negative control (S/N) ratios of less than 10, and none were positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Nineteen (50%) of the reproducible reactors had anti-HBs S/N ratios equal to or greater than 10, and only 15 (39%) were anti-HBc positive. In view of these observations, we do not recommend HBV screening in a vaccine program for health students. Due to the frequency with which low-level anti-HBs reactors without anti-HBc are found to be nonreproducibly positive, we are concerned by the potential overinterpretation of such results before the formulation of decisions about the need for vaccination.     

HBsAg消失后的转归和免疫干预接种效果

目的观察HBsAg消失后的转归及对乙肝疫苗和乙肝疫苗加免疫激动剂干预免疫的效果。方法连续收集感染HBV后HBsAg消失，以后未出现抗-HBs者97名，年龄18～68（41．9）a，分三组。1组57（22名来自组2对乙肝疫苗无反应者）名，予CHO乙肝疫苗30gg，三角肌内注射，1次／wk，共4针；于同侧近腋皮下注射胸腺因子α1（Tα1）1．6mg，2次／wk，共4wk。2组35名，只接种乙肝疫苗，剂量、方法同1组。3组27名，仅作定期复查。结果末针后1mo五项均阴性、抗-HBe＋和抗-HBc＋、抗-HBc＋者中抗-HBs阳转者组1为12／16（75．0％）、14／19（73．1％）、14／22（63．0％）名，组2仅五项全阴性者中1名（1／10，10．0％），组3无1名，差异显著（P〈0．01）。来自组2的22名抗-HBs阳转率（59．1％）亦高于组2和3（P〈0．01）。随访4．7（2-6）a组1和3抗-HBc消失各1名，平均年消失率为0.3％。平均抗-HBs年阳转率为1．4％。组2、3各有1名出现HBsAg复阳（2．4％）。结论HBsAg消失后年抗-HBs自发性阳转率和抗-HBc消失率很低，甚至有逆转为HBsAg的可能；较大剂量乙肝疫苗加Tα1干预免疫是一有效的方法，对HBV血清学标志物全阴者效果尤佳。     

某农村人群庚型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学调查

目的 了解庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染在人群中的流行病学特点及临床意义,并比较与乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）、丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染的异同。     

供乙肝疫苗质检用的新动物模型——乙肝疫苗预防树鼩感染HBV的研究

接种乙肝疫苗的10只树鼩,9只血清出现抗-HBs。注射含HBV的人血清后,其中只有1只血清出现短暂的HBsAg,保护率为88.88％;其血清抗-HBc始终阴性。未接种乙肝疫苗的10只对照树鼩注射HBV人血清后,5只血清HBsAg阳性;8只抗-HBc阳性。接种疫苗组HBV感染率显著低于对照组(p<0.01)。实验前所有树鼩血清HBsAg、抗-HBs及抗-HBc均阴性。实验结果表明:1)乙肝疫苗能阻断树鼩感染HBV,进一步确证树鼩能感染HBV,是用于研究HBV的有用的动物模型;2)树鼩可能代替黑猩猩进行乙肝疫苗安全性和免疫保护效果鉴定之用。     

启东市非新生儿期接种乙肝疫苗儿童远期效果观察

目的:了解非新生儿期接种乙肝疫苗儿童的远期效果。方法:上述对象(非新生儿组)在12岁时全程接种乙肝疫苗(10μg/支),同龄的对照组(新生儿组)0岁起全程接种乙肝疫苗(10μg/支)。18岁时两组对象静脉采血,检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)。结果:非新生儿组与新生儿组相比:前者HBsAg(8.0%)、抗-HBs(62.3%)和抗-HBc(23.1%)阳性率显著高于后者HBsAg(2.0%)、抗-HBs(37.2%)和抗-HBc(4.5%)(P<0.001)。HBsAg阳性者中抗-HBc阳性率前者为100%,后者71.4%,P=0.035;抗-HBs阳性者中的抗-HBc阳性率前者为19.7%,后者6.0%,P=0.000。ALT异常率:前者(5.4%)和后者(6.4%)无显著差异(P=0.575)。将HB-sAg分为阳性者和HBsAg阴性者且进行组内比较时,两组HBsAg阴性者的ALT异常率(前者5.1%,后者6.4%)均显著高于HBsAg阳性者(前者0.6%,后者0.0%)(P=0.000)。结论:非新生儿期接种乙肝疫苗儿童在远期(18岁)仍具有较高抗-HBs阳性率,对HBV感染具有一定保护性;但HBV的感染标志HBsAg和抗-HBc高于新生儿期接种儿童。     

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B surface (anti-HBs) and anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) in patients with acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Forty one consecutive patients (24 males and 17 females) with AIDS had their blood assayed for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc by Reversed Passive Haemagglutination (RPHA), Passive Haemagglutination (PHA) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) techniques respectively. 5 (12.2%) were found positive for HBsAg. 10 (24.4%) for anti-HBs and 31 (75.6%) for anti-HBc. 32 (78%) out of 41 patients with AIDS had serological evidence of exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV). The prevalence of HBsAg found in this study is not different from what has been found in the Kenyan community without AIDS, while that of anti-HBs is much lower than what has been reported in the general community.     

Hepatitis-B virus infection in rural and urban populations of eastern Nigeria: prevalence of serological markers

Hepatitis B virus markers were measured by radioimmunoassay in the sera of 804 rural and urban inhabitants and prisoners in Nigeria. Of these, 530 (66%) subjects had one or more serologic markers of HBV infection; 9.1% were HBsAg carriers, 47% had anti-HBs and 10.1% were positive for anti-HBc alone. Total HBV exposure rate, HBsAg carrier rate and previous exposure to hepatitis B virus measured by the frequency of anti-HBc alone were significantly higher in the rural population compared with the urban population (p less than 0.0001; p less than 0.03; p less than 0.01) respectively. It was observed that by the age of 40 years, 87% of the Nigerian population have at least one HBV seric marker. There was a higher incidence of HBsAg (p less than 0.0001) and anti-HBc alone (p less than 0.001) in prisoners than in any other group. HBeAg was present in 16.4% HBsAg positive individuals with no intersex difference. No positive correlation was found between the frequency of HBV markers in rural dwellers and the history of blood transfusions. These findings suggest that horizontal transmission aided by cultural or behavioural factors and clustering of carriers rather than transfusions is the main determinant of HBV prevalence in rural Nigeria.     

职业献血浆员HBV和HCV感染状况的研究

本文采用ELISA法检测247名职业健康献血浆员中抗-HCV和HBV感染标志(HB-VM),并用PCR技术检测其中85人血清HBV-DNA的存在状况.发现抗-HCV阳性率为4.0%,HBVM阳性率为29.1%,HBV-DNA阳性率为11.8%≥40岁人群抗-HCV阳性率明显高于30岁以下人群(7.7%比0,P=0.042).HBVM阳性者抗-HCV阳性率明显高于HBVM阴性者(8.3%比2.3%,P=0.038),HBV感染与HCV感染之间存在一定的伴随关系.HBVM阳性者血清HBV-DNA阳性率明显高于HBVM阴性者(18.2%比 0,P<0.05).结论认为目前常规筛选献血员的方法不安全,建议加以改进.     

某医科大学250名教职工血清中抗-HBS水平调查

本文应用单克隆抗体致敏的诊断血球作反向被动血凝检测HBsAg,用反向血凝中和抑制法检测抗体,以AUSAB EIA药盒作对照,两种方法符合率为80%,以RIA抗-HBc-Ⅱ药盒检测抗—HBc对某医大250名教职工血清进行了检测,结果HBsAg阳性率7.6%抗-HBs79.2%及抗-HBc78.4%。抽样抗体定量,最低为17.2mIU/mI,最高为638.1mlU/ml平均为296mlU/ml。提示:79.2%职工对HBV感染有免疫力。     

乙型肝炎血清流行病学研究——湖北省钟祥县官庄湖农场的调查

对钟祥县官庄湖农场972名居民用RPHA法检查HBsAg,PHA法检查抗HBs,ELISA法检查抗HBc,ELISA抗体夹心法检查HBeAg和ELISA竞争法检查抗HBe.结果:HBsAg、抗HBs、抗HBc阳性率分別为12.8%、13.4%、40.5%,HBsAg携带者中有63.6%HBeAg阳性,26.4%抗HBe阳性和81.4%抗HBc阳性。HBV总感染率51.3%。     

湛江地区2487名体检者中乙肝病毒血清学标志物的检测结果

目的:了解湛江地区人群中乙肝病毒(HBV)感染情况。方法:对2 4 87名体检者应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)法测定HBsAg、抗HBs、HBeAg、抗HBe、抗HBc。结果:HBsAg的阳性率为1 8.74 %。乙型肝炎病毒血清学标志物(HBVM)阳性情况主要为两种模式:即HBsAg、抗 HBe、抗HBc阳性;HBsAg、HBeAg阳性。结论:湛江地区体检者中HBsAg的阳性率较高,其中以2 0岁～4 0岁者HBsAg的阳性率最高,其人群分布与计划免疫、文化程度、卫生习惯、生活环境、性别和性格等因素有关。     

HBsAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc阳性孕妇胎盘及其子代HBV感染状况的研究

目的探讨HBsAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc阳性孕妇胎盘及其子代HBV感染状况。方法选取220例HBsAg、抗-HBe和抗HBc阳性孕妇作为研究对象,研究组100例,在孕28、32、36周肌注HBIG200U;对照组120例,未予用药。采用荧光定量PCR及ELISA法,分别检测2组孕妇和新生儿出生后主被动免疫预防前以及1岁时的静脉血HBV DNA水平及乙肝标志物（HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc）。采用免疫组化SP法检测研究组和对照组各40例胎盘组织各层细胞HBsAg及HBcAg的表达。结果（1）研究组与对照组40例孕妇胎盘各层细胞HBV感染率比较差异均无显著性（P均〉0.05）。（2）研究组宫内感染率1%,对照组3.33%,2组比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;（3）研究组婴儿HBV慢性感染率为0,对照组0.83%,2组比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论（1）HBsAg、抗-HBe和抗HBc阳性孕妇胎盘有一定感染率,但子代宫内感染率以及出生后HBIG联合乙肝疫苗免疫后慢性感染率极低。（2）HBsAg、抗-HBe和抗HBc阳性孕妇产前注射HBIG并未明显降低子代HBV感染率。提示对HBsAg、抗-HBe和抗HBc阳性孕妇可以考虑不进行宫内阻断。     

Epidemiologic features of hepatitis B virus infection in northern Labrador.

We studied the epidemiologic features of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in northern Labrador to determine the prevalence of the infection and to obtain a database to develop a vaccination strategy. The study population included seven communities in which five ethnic groups were represented: Inuit, Innu, mixed Inuit and European ancestry ("settler"), nonnative/nonsettler transient population ("white") and people of Innu-white or Innu-Inuit origin ("mixed"). Blood samples from 2156 people (62% of the area residents) were tested for antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV e antigen (HBeAg), anti-HBc IgM and antibody to the surface antigen (anti-HBs). The overall crude prevalence rate of HBV seromarkers was 14.7% and the HBsAg carrier rate at least 3.2%; the rates were highest for Inuit (26.4% and 6.9% respectively), followed by settler (10.0% and 1.9% respectively) and Innu (7.6% and 0.4% respectively); the white and mixed groups had the lowest overall rates (2.5% and 3.3% respectively). Although the overall prevalence rates were about the same for the two sexes, the HBsAg carrier rate was higher in males (male:female ratio 1.6:1.0). No HBV carriers were positive for HBeAg or anti-HBc IgM antibody. The rate of exposure to HBV was 4% for those below the age of 20 years and reached a peak for those aged 45 to 54 years (85% for Inuit, 40% for settlers and 37% for Innu). There was also a wide variation in the age-standardized prevalence rates (0% to 27.9%) among the ethnic groups in the seven communities surveyed.     

温岭市878名高一学生HBV感染状况调查分析

目的：研究HBV在学生中感染状况，掌握乙肝在学生中的发生与流行规律，为乙肝防治工作提供依据。方法：对某中学高一年级878名新生采取静脉血液，采用ELISA进行HBV五项血清学标志物检测。结果：抗-HBs阳性率最高，占76．76％；其次抗-HBc阳性率为15．95％；HBsAg阳性率为8．66％；抗-HBe阳性率为8．57％；HBeAg阳性率2．73％；并且发现中学生中HBV感染除抗-HBs阳性外，以“HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc”阳性和“HBsAg、抗-HBc、抗-HBe”阳性两种感染模式为常见，二合计为6．49％。结论：由于乙肝疫苗的接种和国家、学校重视学生管理等原因，目前中学生HBV感染率已有所下降，在HBV感染中男生感染率显高于女生，并且以“大三阳”和“小三阳”感染模式较为常见．