~(99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 SPECT多巴胺转运体显像对帕金森病早期诊断的价值

目的　探讨99mTc TRODAT 1SPECT多巴胺转运体 (dopaminetransporter,DAT)显像对帕金森病 (PD)早期诊断的价值。方法　对 9例PD患者 ,2例可疑的PD患者 ,18例健康自愿者行99mTc -TRODAT-1SPECTDAT断层显像 ,利用感兴趣区技术测定纹状体与小脑部位DAT比值。结果　单侧症状的PD患者起病肢体对侧纹状体DAT特异性摄取为 (1 32± 0 0 3) ,同侧纹状体DAT特异性摄取为 (1 36± 0 0 4) ,两者相比有显著性差异。单侧症状的PD患者与年龄、性别相匹配的正常人相比有显著性的降低。结论　99mTc TRODAT 1SPECTDAT显像有助于PD的早期诊断     

多巴胺转运体显像对老年人帕金森病早期诊断价值的研究

目的 :探讨99mTc TRODAT 1SPECT多巴胺转运体 (DAT)显像对老年帕金森病 (PD)早期诊断的价值。方法 :对 2 9例老年PD患者 ,12例老年健康志愿者行99mTc TRODAT 1SPECTDAT断层显像 ,利用感兴趣区技术测定纹状体与小脑部位DAT比值。结果 :老年早期PD患者 (Hoehn Yahr分级Ⅰ级 )起病肢体对侧纹状体DAT特异性摄取 (左侧 :1 2 5± 0 10 ,右侧 :1 3 2± 0 0 6) ,与正常老年人 (左侧 :1 74± 0 13 ,右侧 :1 69± 0 0 8)相比 ,有显著性的降低 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :99mTc TRODAT 1SPECTDAT显像有助于老年PD的早期诊断。     

99Tcm-TRODAT-1 SPECT与131I-epideprideSPECT显像对早期帕金森病人的临床应用价值

目的探讨脑多巴胺转运体（DAT）^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1 SPECT显像与多巴胺D2受体（D2R）^131I-epidepride SPECT显像在早期帕金森病（PD）中的临床应用价值。方法10例正常对照者及46例早期未经替代治疗的PD患者分别接受脑DAT ^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1 SPECT与多巴胺D2R ^131I-epidepride SPECT断层显像，利用感兴趣区技术计算纹状体与枕叶、额叶的放射性比值（ST-OC／OC和ST-FC／FC）。结果PD患者起病肢体对侧脑DAT比值ST-OC／OC和ST-FC／FC比同侧均降低，双侧ST-OC／OC较对照组均降低。PD患者起病肢体对侧脑D2R比值ST-OC／OC和ST-FC／FC比同侧均增高。PD患者起病肢体对侧脑DAT比值ST-OC／OC与患者病程呈负相关，起病肢体对侧脑D2R比值ST-OC／OC与患者年龄及UPDRS运动评分呈负相关。结论人脑DAT ^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1 SPECT显像与D2R ^131I-epidepride SPECT显像均有助于PD的早期诊断及病情监测。     

帕金森病功能显像实验研究

目的　应用99mTc TRODAT 1SPECT显像观察偏侧帕金森病 (PD)猴模型两侧纹状体多巴胺转运体 (DAT)密度的变化。方法　 4只恒河猴 ,编号为M1～ 4,M1为正常者 ,M2～M4为右侧颈总动脉注射神经毒素MPTP的PD模型者。静脉注射99mTc TRODAT 1(3 70～ 5 5 0MBq) ,1～ 2小时后进行SPECT断层扫描 ,选取清晰图像进行处理分析。结果　M1两侧纹状体感兴趣区比值为 1 0 0 ,M2～ 4左右侧纹状体感兴趣区比值为 1 10～ 1 2 2 ,而且右侧纹状体与各脑叶感兴趣区的比值均低于左侧。结论　99mTc TRODAT 1SPECT可以在体评估偏侧PD模型猴纹状体DAT的变化 ,有助于定量研究PD的诊断     

^99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT多巴胺转运体显像在诊断早期帕金森病中的意义

目的探讨99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT多巴胺转运体(DAT)显像在诊断早期帕金森病(PD)中的意义.方法对62例早期PD、12例晚期PD及10名正常人进行99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT 基底节DAT显像,选取纹状体区和小脑为感兴趣区,计算两者的放射性比值,比较3组间该比值的差异,并分析早期PD患者DAT放射性结合率与H&Y分级及UPDRS评分之间的相关性.结果PD患者基底节99m Tc-TRODAT-1摄取率显著降低,早期PD患者病变较重肢体对侧纹状体放射性摄取率较同侧纹状体显著下降.PD患者纹状体区放射性摄取率与PD患者的H&Y分级呈负相关,而与UPDRS Ⅱ、Ⅲ评分无相关性.结论99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT基底节 DAT显像可用于临床早期PD的诊断.     

^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1 SPECT脑显像在早期帕金森病患者显像研究

目的探讨99Tcm-2β-[N,N′-双(2-巯乙基)乙撑二胺基]甲基-3β-(4-氯苯基)托烷(TRODAT-1) 多巴胺转运蛋白(transporter,DAT)显像在帕金森病(PD)早期诊断中的应用价值.方法对50例早期PD患者和12例健康对照者行脑DAT 99Tcm-TRODAT-1 SPECT断层显像.利用感兴趣区技术测定纹状体与小脑部位DAT比值.结果健康对照组双侧纹状体摄取差异无显著性.早期PD 患者双侧纹状体与小脑部位比值分别较健康对照组明显降低(P均＜0.001).起病肢体对侧纹状体与小脑部位比值比起病肢体同侧纹状体与小脑部位比值明显降低(P均＜0.001).结论脑99Tcm-TRODAT-1 SPECT显像有助于PD的早期诊断.     

99m Tc -TRODAT-1 SPECT DAT显像评价帕金森病严重程度的研究

目的 探讨^99mTc－TRODAT－1SPECTDNAT多巴胺转运体（dopamine transporter,DAT）显像评价帕金森病（PD）严重程度的意义。方法 对18例健康自愿者、23例帕金林病患者行^99mTc－TRODAT－1SPECTDNAT断层显像，利用感兴趣区技术测定纹状体与小脑部位的DAT比值。对PD患者进行UPDR评分和Hoehn-Yahr分级。结果 PD患者^99mTc－TRODAT－1SPECTDNAT断层显像，纹状体DAT特异性摄取与UPDR评分总分、日常活动评分、运动检查评分呈显著性负相关，与精神活动、行为、心境评分和PD患者年龄无相关性。结论 ^99mTc－TRODAT－1SPECTDNAT断层显像有助于评估PD严重程度。     

多巴胺转运体显像对特发性震颤与早期帕金森病的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨多巴胺转运体(DAT)显像对特发性震颤(ET)、早期帕金森病(PD)鉴别诊断的价值.方法以99mTc-2β-[N,N'-双(2-巯乙基)乙撑二胺基]甲基-3β-(4-氯苯基)托烷(99mTc-TRODAT-1)为显像剂,用单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)对8例姿势性震颤(PT)患者,5例姿势性震颤伴静止性震颤(PT+RT)患者、12例早期PD(H-Y I级)患者进行DAT显像.结果与PT组相比,PT+RT组两侧纹状体(ST)与枕叶(OC)的ST/OC均值略高,但无显著性差异;早期PD组ST/OC均值显著性降低.PT+RT组两侧ST/OC均值明显高于早期PD组患肢对侧,但与其同侧无显著性差异.结论PT伴RT的ET患者存在轻度多巴胺神经元的缺失,99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT DAT显像对ET和早期PD有鉴别诊断的价值.     

脑多巴胺转运体 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT显像对早期帕金森病与特发性震颤鉴别诊断的价值

目的探讨脑多巴胺转运体(DAT)99mTcTRODAT1单光子发射计算机断层脑显像(SPECT)对早期帕金森病(PD)与特发性震颤(ET)鉴别诊断的价值。方法对28例早期PD、15例ET、8例ET合并PD(ETPD)患者和15名健康志愿者进行99mTcTRODAT1SPECT显像,勾画出各组脑内感兴趣区[双侧纹状体(ST)及枕叶(OC)],计算机自动给出各区的放射性计数,计算左、右侧特异性放射性摄取比值(STOC/OC)及不对称指数,并加以比较。结果DAT特异性放射性摄取比值:正常对照组左侧为0.58±0.16、右侧为0.56±0.32,ET患者左侧为0.55±0.22、右侧为0.56±0.24,两侧及两组间比较差异均无显著性;ETPD组左侧为0.44±0.33、右侧为0.45±0.18,早期PD组症状肢体对侧为0.40±0.33、症状肢体同侧为0.51±0.12,以上两组与正常对照组和ET组比较呈显著性降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);且PD组症状肢体的对侧低于同侧,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。非对称性指数:PD组高于ET组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论99mTcTRODAT1SPECT显像有助于早期PD与ET的鉴别诊断。     

帕金森病患者~(99m)Tc-TRODAT-1显像的临床研究

目的:探讨~(99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 SPECT显像对多巴胺转运蛋白(DAT)显像的临床应用价值。方法:选取42例患者(包括PD24例和非PD18例)行~(99)mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT检查,通过视觉分析及感兴趣区(ROI)的半定量分析法来观察患者DAT的分布及密度。结果:PD组与非PD组相比较其成像视觉分析的特异性为0.89,敏感性为0.87。ROI的半定量分析(ST/OC)发现PD组较非PD组其DA再摄取率明显下降,且病情越重,下降越明显。但单侧症状者,其对侧纹状体DAT密度虽较同侧有下降,但无统计学意义。结论:PD患者DAT密度降低,且降低程度与病情严重程度密切相关,~(99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 SPECT显像研究有助于PD的早期诊断和病情监测。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.