游离移植股前外侧皮瓣修复胫前骨外露组织缺损

目的探讨应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复胫前较大面积骨外露创面的临床疗效。方法应用股前外侧游离皮瓣移植修复胫前软组织缺损导致骨外露创面8例,创面面积为11 cm×7 cm～14 cm×9 cm,皮瓣切取面积12 cm×8 cm～15 cm×10 cm。结果术后无血管危象发生,移植皮瓣全部成活。8例均获随访,时间1～24个月。皮瓣生长良好,外形满意,弹性好,创面完全修复稳定。结论股前外侧皮瓣血管蒂恒定,直径粗,切取面积大,效果可靠,是修复胫前较大面积骨外露创面的理想皮瓣之一。     

吻合血管腓骨复合组织皮瓣移植修复与重建胫骨重度开放性粉碎性骨折

目的 探讨吻合血管的腓骨复合组织皮瓣移植一期固定与重建胫骨重度开放性粉碎性骨折的效果.方法 2001年2月至2007年10月收治胫骨重度开放性粉碎性骨折伴软组织缺损患者23例,男16例,女7例;年龄16～52岁,平均26.8岁.按Gustilo分型均为Ⅲ型,其中胫骨骨折累及长度11～17 cm,平均15.6 cm;小腿皮肤软组织缺损范围6 cm×3 cm～20 cm×9 cm.均采用吻合血管的腓骨复合组织皮瓣一期同时修复与重建胫骨重度开放性粉碎性骨折及胫前软组织缺损.结果 术后移植组织全部成活,皮瓣弹性、色泽良好,所有患者获得5个月～7年(平均3.5年)随访.移植腓骨与胫骨平均在1.8个月时有骨愈合征象,术后3.5～4.5个月形成良好的骨性愈合并恢复行走功能.无骨不连及骨折不愈合病例.结论 采用吻合血管的腓骨复合组织皮瓣移植可有效地对胫骨重度开放性粉碎性骨折进行修复与重建,实现一期骨折固定与胫前皮肤软组织缺损的修复.     

小腿外侧腓骨皮瓣交腿修复合并血管损伤的大段胫骨骨感染及缺损

 目的 探讨小腿外侧腓骨皮瓣交腿修复合并血管损伤、大面积皮肤软组织缺损的大段胫骨骨感染及缺损的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2004 年9 月至2008 年9月治疗8 例合并血管损伤的大段胫骨骨感染及缺损患者资料, 男6 例, 女2 例;年龄19~55 岁, 平均36 岁;病史2 周至3 个月, 平均2 个月;胫骨缺损长度8~20 cm, 平均13 cm;皮肤缺损面积10 cm x 7 cm~22 cm x 12 cm。彻底清创, 根据皮肤软组织缺损面积及胫骨缺损长度在健侧小腿设计外侧腓骨皮瓣的切取范围、腓骨切取长度、切取位置。切取皮瓣及腓骨, 将双下肢交叉于蒂部松弛位置, 外固定支架固定, 腓骨修复胫骨骨缺损, 外固定支架一期重建胫骨稳定性, 皮瓣覆盖创面修复皮肤软组织缺损。术后4~6 周, 二次手术断蒂。结果 8 例患者全部获得随访, 随访时间6~36 个月, 平均24 个月。术后8 例移植组织全部成活, 无一例发生感染及骨髓炎, 皮瓣均在术后2 周顺利愈合;骨折愈合时间6~15 个月, 平均11 个月;移植皮瓣外形良好;患者基本恢复负重行走功能。末次随访时, 根据Edwards 胫骨骨折评定标准, 优4 例, 良2 例, 差2 例。结论 小腿外侧腓骨皮瓣交腿修复合并血管损伤、大面积皮肤软组织缺损的大段胫骨骨感染及缺损具有手术操作相对简单、成功率高、疗效好等优点, 可恢复患者下肢行走功能。     

带血管腓骨皮瓣移植治疗大段胫骨裸露坏死

目的探讨应用带血管腓骨皮瓣移植治疗大段胫骨及胫前软组织感染坏死的疗效。方法自1994年以来，对因创伤感染所致大段胫骨及胫前软组织坏死的15例患，清除炎症坏死骨质及软组织后，行吻合血管的腓骨皮瓣移植重建。结果所有病例移植腓骨皮瓣均成活，术后3～6个月见移植骨与受区骨完全骨性愈合，移植腓骨经负重后逐渐增粗，良好承重，修复肢体的功能及外形恢复令人满意。结论对冈创伤所致大段胫骨及胫前软组织感染坏死的患，在病灶清创、大段死骨除同时，应用吻合血管腓骨皮瓣一期予以重建，是可靠、有效的方法。     

前臂游离皮瓣在外伤性面部大面积组织缺损修复中的应用

目的：探讨应用前臂游离皮瓣修复外伤性面部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的可行性。方法：选择9例因外伤导致的面部大面积皮肤软组织缺损患者，其中车祸致伤者4例，工业伤或烧伤5例，缺损面积为4cm×6cm～7cm×12cm。设计并切取与缺损面积相应的前臂皮瓣，经吻合血管的游离移植修复面部组织缺损。结果：本组9例前臂皮瓣全部成活，3例靠近口角的切口愈合不良，经换药后痊愈，全部患者术后随访3个月，皮瓣色泽、质地良好，前臂瘢痕明显，手部功能无障碍。结论：吻合血管的前臂游离皮瓣用于修复外伤性面部大面积皮肤缺损是可行的。     

股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损

目的 探讨吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损的临床效果.方法 2005年6月至2008年7月,将股前外侧皮瓣与腓骨皮瓣的轴心血管串联吻合后移植修复8例小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴大段胫骨缺损患者.皮肤软组织缺损面积为23 cm×12cm～34 cm×16 cm,骨缺损长度为7～16 cm.股前外侧皮瓣切取面积为16 cm×12 cm～28 cm×15cm,腓骨皮瓣切取面积为15 cm×6 cm～21 cm×10 cm,腓骨切取长度为10～18 cm.结果 7例串联组织瓣一期成活,1例术后皮瓣远端边缘坏死,经换药伤口逐渐愈合.8例患者术后获7～31个月(平均16个月)随访.3～6个月移植腓骨愈合,术后1年移植腓骨直径明显增粗.所有皮瓣质地柔软,形态及功能满意,供区无功能障碍.结论 应用股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣联合移植能有效修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损,且缩短了病程,减少了肢体的伤残率.     

小腿腓肠神经和隐神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复胫前及足部软组织缺损

目的报道小腿腓肠神经、隐神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复胫前及足部缺损的临床应用及其疗效。方法2004年2月-2006年4月，对15例胫前及足部外伤感染后致软组织缺损坏死骨外露彻底清创后，采用腓肠神经或隐神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复，胫前软组织缺损6．5cm×4．0cm～16．0cm×8．0cm，足部软组织缺损4．0cm×2．6cm～6．0cmX4．5cm。皮瓣切取范围为5．5cm×4．5cm～18．0cm×10．0cm。结果术后13例皮瓣Ⅰ期愈合，2例Ⅱ期愈合，经3～12个月随访，质地良好，外观满意。足背皮瓣中1例边缘坏死，另1例少许表皮坏死。踝部功能不受影响，皮瓣皮肤感觉仅少部分恢复。结论小腿腓肠神经或隐神经营养血管蒂皮瓣是修复胫前及足部软组织缺损的有效方法，但蒂长血供有限，宜慎用。     

吻合血管串联式皮瓣修复相邻间隔皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨应用吻合血管串联式皮瓣修复小腿胫、腓侧皮肤软组织同时缺损伴骨外露相邻相隔创面的临床疗效。方法用吻合血管的胫后血管营养的小腿内侧皮瓣串联足内侧皮瓣移植修复对侧小腿胫、腓侧皮肤软组织同时缺损伴骨外露创面。结果皮瓣成活良好,创面一期修复愈合。结论术前科学设计．术中精细操作,运用同一血管营养的两块皮瓣修复相邻两部位皮肤软组织缺损伴骨外露创面,可达到良好修复效果。     

幼儿腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的解剖特点和临床应用

目的探讨幼儿腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣与成人的解剖差异及临床应用。方法2001年3月～2006年1月应用不带腓肠内侧皮神经的腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣逆行移位修复幼儿足踝部软组织缺损6例,其中男5例,女1例;年龄3岁7个月～5岁。摩托车等致伤5例,铡草机致伤1例。均为足跟部软组织逆行撕裂,其中3例跟骨骨骺外露,1例跟骨骨骺外露伴跟腱外露,1例跟骨外侧外露,1例足背近端软组织缺损合并骨、肌腱外露。创面范围3cm×2cm～6cm×5cm。切取皮瓣范围3.5cm×2.5cm～7cm×6cm,急诊手术1例,伤后5～15d手术5例。结果术后6例皮瓣全部成活,随访3～12个月,皮瓣质地优良,外观及足踝功能满意。结论不带腓肠内侧皮神经的幼儿腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣仍有足够的血运,手术操作简便,是一种修复幼儿足踝部软组织缺损较佳选择。     

腓骨皮瓣修复胫骨开放性粉碎性骨折及皮肤缺损

目的应用吻合血管腓骨皮瓣重建胫骨粉碎性骨折段骨的连续性及修复胫前皮肤软组织缺损的疗效分析。方法2002年2月～2004年12月，收治22例胫骨粉碎性骨折。Gustilo ⅢB型8例，ⅢC型14例。合并血管损伤14例，神经损伤5例。缺损范围12cm×6cm～20cm×6cm。于伤后1～22d，在彻底清创基础上，采用吻合血管腓骨皮瓣修复。随访观察骨愈合情况及患肢功能。结果22例获8～42个月随访，移植的腓骨皮瓣全部成活，胫骨粉碎性骨折均获骨性愈合，无截肢和慢性骨髓炎发生，下肢外形及功能恢复满意。结论应用吻合血管腓骨皮瓣，重建胫骨严重粉碎性骨折段骨的连续性及修复其皮肤软组织缺损，有助于加速骨折愈合、减少慢性骨髓炎的发生、缩短病程和降低致残率。     

国产与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液容量治疗疗效和安全性的对比研究

目的 与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液进行对比性研究,评价国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液的有效性及安全性.方法 患者随机分为研究组123例,对照组117例,术中输注研究药物或对照药物10 ml·kg-1·h-1,输注时间 2 h,期间观察患者生命体征,记录液体出入量与合并用药,比较术前和输注后血常规、血电解质、凝血功能、肝肾功能、尿常规指标变化;并记录术中不良事件发生与处理.结果 两组患者用药期间BP、HR、SpO2均能维持正常,BP和HR的变化率两组间差异无统计学意义.两组患者术中出入量、应用血管活性药物及应用血液制品人数与用量组间差异无统计学意义.输注后两组Hct、Hb下降幅度一致,血K+、Na+略低于应用前,血Cl-高于应用前,血糖有升高,PT、APTT时间延长,TT时间略缩短.肝功能ALT、AST超过正常值1.5倍的两组各有4例.肾功能BUN、Cr研究组有11例,对照组7例高于正常.结论 国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液用于全麻下非心脏外科手术患者术中容量治疗扩容效果安全可靠,与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液作用相似.     

The Central Role of the Nose in the Face and the Psyche: Review of the Nose and the Psyche

Background According to statistics released by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons in 2006, rhinoplasty is one of the most sought after aesthetic surgeries by ethnic patients and teenagers. It also is the most requested aesthetic operation by patients with body dysmorphic disorder. The psychosocial aspect of rhinoplasty is undeniable. Tagliacozzi in 1567 and Joseph more than a century ago were already aware of this aspect. Methods Using the terms “rhinoplasty,” “patients selection,” “psychological aspect,” and psychological outcome,” 30 studies were selected through searches of the MEDLINE, PUBMED, and EMBASE databases,. This review aimed to analyze how the most acknowledged experts of psychology, facial plastic surgery, and plastic surgery who have worked on the psychological outcome for rhinoplasty during the past century considered the nose–psyche relationship and the influence of rhinoplasty at the psychological level. Results The link between rhinoplasty, psychology, and social environment has been discussed by many important authors during the past century. All of them, independently of their field of study, have stressed that it is critical for surgeons to be aware of their responsibility regarding both the physical and emotional levels. There is evidence that an official preoperative interview is lacking. Conclusions To recognize the importance of rhinoplasty’s psychological implications, it is critical to make a good selection of patients seeking this operation and to have a good outcome. To this end, the preoperative interview is fundamental. Surgeons should be competent at both the psychological and surgical levels.     

Teamwork and the legal and ethical responsibility of the anaesthetist

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Anaesthetists are members of the operating team. Although the surgeons usually consider themselves to be the leaders of the team, all members, including the anaesthetist, have their own legal, ethical and professional responsibilities. RECENT FINDINGS: Good communication and sharing responsibility are characteristics of teamwork. Many factors can affect team functioning: training differences, social status, differences in responsibility, gender, age and culture, among others. An increasing number of individuals are involved in modern treatment due to limited working hours and increasing subspecialization, which complicates collaboration. Not all participants have the same perception of the team structure and its operation. Multidisciplinary, well designed training programmes are needed. SUMMARY: Anaesthetists have to be more aware of their position in the care team and pay more attention to their legal, ethical and professional responsibilities.     

腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床观察

目的探讨腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析95例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人行腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗的临床资料。结果本组63例先行十二指肠镜下乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)治疗,其中59例成功行EST+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC),但术中并发十二指肠乳头少量出血2例,术后发生胆道感染1例,出现可疑十二指肠漏1例;4例EST取石失败后1周内改开腹手术,术后并发腹腔感染1例,胆漏1例。23例顺利行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术,其中腹腔镜胆囊管探查取石5例,腹腔镜胆总管切开取石18例。9例因疑诊胆总管结石而先行LC,术后2~4 d再行EST。术后随访6~12个月,均未出现反流性胆管炎、乳头狭窄等并发症,无胆管结石残留。结论腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石效果满意。     

Reconciling the capability approach and the ICF

The literature on applications of the so-called “Capability Approach” of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum is extensive, but it is only recently that some have argued that its application to the analysis of disability would be a great advantage over existing analyses, and in particular preferable to the model of functioning and disability found in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). I argue here that care must be taken in this head-to-head comparison between the Capability Approach and ICF since the former is essentially a political-theoretical account of equalitarian justice, whereas the latter is a model of a classification system for describing disability that is explicitly neutral between any theory of distributive justice. Nonetheless, this paper argues that a careful comparison of the two approaches to the conceptualisation of disability reveals salient aspects of convergence that, arguably, point to a potential synergy between the Capability Approach as applied to disability and the ICF.     

Ocular immunopathological characteristics and the involvement of the platelet-aggregation factor and the anti-PAF at the level of the eye

This lecture tries to systematize the data about PAF (platelet activating factor) complex implications in the different ocular immune responses, and about the therapeutical results of PAF antagonists ?n experimental and clinical inflammatory conditions.