远端蒂皮瓣修复肢体远端皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨应用远端蒂皮瓣修复肢体远端皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法临床应用14种不同类型的远端蒂皮瓣修复肢体远端皮肤软组织缺损共127例。皮瓣类型：指背筋膜蒂皮瓣9例,手指侧方岛状皮瓣25例,掌背动脉逆行皮瓣15例,食指背侧岛状皮瓣8例,桡神经浅支营养血管皮瓣13例,桡动脉鼻烟窝皮支皮瓣6例,尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣7例,前臂骨间背动脉岛状穿支皮瓣7例,腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣15例,腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣4例,隐神经营养血管皮瓣5例,胫后动脉内踝上皮支皮瓣8例,足底内侧逆行皮瓣3例,跖背动脉逆行皮瓣2例。其中血管蒂皮瓣81例,筋膜皮瓣9例,神经营养血管皮瓣37例。结果本组127例均获得随访,随访时间1-6个月,平均3个月,127例远端蒂皮瓣完全成活,皮瓣完全坏死3例,皮瓣远端部分坏死7例。成活的皮瓣外观、质地良好。结论远端蒂皮瓣移位修复肢体远端组织缺损安全、简便、不吻合血管,成功率高,皮瓣较薄,与受区皮肤质地、色泽比较接近等优点,是修复肢体远端软组织缺损较理想的选择。     

掌背皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨掌背皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤、软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 采用皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损32例.以第一掌骨背侧皮神经为轴线,设计并切取筋膜蒂皮瓣,将皮瓣逆行转移修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损;供区直接缝合或游离植皮覆盖创面.结果 本组共32例患者.30例皮瓣Ⅰ期修复,其中6例术后出现表皮下淤血及水泡,2例皮瓣远端边缘部分表浅坏死,均经换药处理后愈合,皮瓣血运良好.随访2～12个月,皮瓣弹性、质地良好,外形饱满.皮瓣两点辨别觉:Ⅰ期吻合神经者为6～11 mm,未吻合神经者为8～ 18 mm.结论 应用掌背皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损,是一种简单、成活率高、疗效满意的手术方法.     

吻合神经的腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复足跟软组织缺损

目的探讨应用吻合神经腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复足跟软组织缺损的治疗效果。方法利用腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复足跟软组织缺损6例。结果6例皮瓣除1例远端部分皮缘坏死,余均全部成活。经6个月~3年随访,皮瓣不同程度恢复感觉功能,效果满意。结论腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣血供可靠,不牺牲肢体主要动脉,皮瓣切取方便,为修复足跟区软组织缺损的一种良好方法。且其皮瓣厚薄适中,质地良好,吻合神经恢复皮瓣感觉,更适合足跟部软组织缺损的修复。     

逆行岛状皮瓣或远端蒂皮瓣坏死的原因探讨及防治措施

目的 探讨逆行岛状皮瓣或远端蒂皮瓣在临床应用中坏死的原因及防治措施.方法 2000年6月至2009年6月,应用逆行岛状皮瓣及远端蒂皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损120例,其中12例皮瓣发生不同程度坏死,分析其坏死原因.结果 120例中皮瓣完全成活108例,坏死12例.完全坏死3例,其中静脉回流障碍导致皮瓣坏死2例,动脉供血障碍致皮瓣坏死1例.部分坏死9例,其中掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣1例,指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复1例,胫后动脉内踝上皮支逆行岛状皮瓣4例,小腿内侧穿支逆行岛状皮瓣1例,腓浅神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣1例,远端蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣1例,经清创换药达到痂下愈合7例,经切取邻近其它皮瓣再次修复坏死创面2例.结论 血液循环障碍是导致皮瓣坏死的主要原因,蒂部处理不当是导致皮瓣坏死不可忽视的重要原因.     

逆行岛状皮瓣或远端蒂皮瓣坏死的原因探讨及防治措施

目的 探讨逆行岛状皮瓣或远端蒂皮瓣在临床应用中坏死的原因及防治措施.方法 2000年6月至2009年6月,应用逆行岛状皮瓣及远端蒂皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损120例,其中12例皮瓣发生不同程度坏死,分析其坏死原因.结果 120例中皮瓣完全成活108例,坏死12例.完全坏死3例,其中静脉回流障碍导致皮瓣坏死2例,动脉供血障碍致皮瓣坏死1例.部分坏死9例,其中掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣1例,指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复1例,胫后动脉内踝上皮支逆行岛状皮瓣4例,小腿内侧穿支逆行岛状皮瓣1例,腓浅神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣1例,远端蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣1例,经清创换药达到痂下愈合7例,经切取邻近其它皮瓣再次修复坏死创面2例.结论 血液循环障碍是导致皮瓣坏死的主要原因,蒂部处理不当是导致皮瓣坏死不可忽视的重要原因.     

逆行岛状皮瓣或远端蒂皮瓣坏死的原因探讨及防治措施

目的 探讨逆行岛状皮瓣或远端蒂皮瓣在临床应用中坏死的原因及防治措施.方法 2000年6月至2009年6月,应用逆行岛状皮瓣及远端蒂皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损120例,其中12例皮瓣发生不同程度坏死,分析其坏死原因.结果 120例中皮瓣完全成活108例,坏死12例.完全坏死3例,其中静脉回流障碍导致皮瓣坏死2例,动脉供血障碍致皮瓣坏死1例.部分坏死9例,其中掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣1例,指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复1例,胫后动脉内踝上皮支逆行岛状皮瓣4例,小腿内侧穿支逆行岛状皮瓣1例,腓浅神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣1例,远端蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣1例,经清创换药达到痂下愈合7例,经切取邻近其它皮瓣再次修复坏死创面2例.结论 血液循环障碍是导致皮瓣坏死的主要原因,蒂部处理不当是导致皮瓣坏死不可忽视的重要原因.     

隐神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复小腿远端骨外露的疗效

目的探讨隐神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对9例小腿下1/3踝关节周围皮肤坏死及缺损的患者,行隐神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣转移修复术,皮瓣面积最大12cm×8cm,最小6cm×5cm,平均9cm×6.5cm。结果8例全部成活,1例部分坏死,随访6～12个月,皮瓣质地满意,外观佳。结论隐神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损,取材方便,血供可靠,不牺牲主要动脉。     

皮神经伴行血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的 :探讨皮神经伴行血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用。方法 :使用前臂外侧皮神经伴行血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复腕掌、腕背及虎口部皮肤软组织缺损 5例。腓肠神经伴行血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复小腿远端、足跟足背皮肤软组织缺损 10例。皮瓣切取面积 5 cm× 5 cm～ 15 cm× 9cm。结果 :15例皮瓣 ,13例完全成活。1例皮瓣远端边缘 0 .5 cm坏死 ,经换药后愈合。 1例皮瓣坏死 ,创面植皮后愈合。结论 :皮神经伴行血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣血供可靠 ,切取简便、安全 ,不牺牲主要血管 ,是修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损较好的方法之一     

手背皮神经营养血管蒂逆行皮瓣的临床应用

目的 报道手部不同类型皮神经营养血管蒂逆行皮瓣的临床应用效果。方法 根据皮肤缺损部位，应用拇指背皮神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣及指掌侧动脉指蹼穿支为蒂的手背皮神经营养血管皮瓣转位修复26例手及手指皮肤软组织缺损。结果 皮瓣全部成活，随访6－12个月，皮瓣质地优良，外形与功能恢复满意。结论 该皮瓣切取方便，转位灵活，血供可靠，是修复手及手指皮肤缺损的理想皮瓣。     

腓动脉皮支腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的探讨腓动脉皮支腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床应用效果。方法在应用解剖学基础上,设计腓动脉皮支腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣,修复足踝部软组织缺损。结果临床应用15例,皮瓣最大面积25cm×15cm,1例皮缘部分坏死,余全部成活。结论腓动脉皮支腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣血液循环丰富,成活率高,不牺牲主要血管神经,是修复足踝部软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

三角韧带损伤的手术治疗

[目的]探讨踝关节三角韧带损伤的手术治疗及效果。[方法]2002年4月-2005年4月治疗伴有三角韧带损伤的踝关节骨折40例，均采用切开复位和坚强内固定，并修复重建三角韧带，恢复踝关节内外侧结构的稳定性。下胫腓联合分离仍不稳定者，给予皮质骨螺钉横向内固定。[结果]全部病例得到16个月-3a随访，平均1．5a。按齐氏疗效评定标准：优良30例，可8例，差2例，优良率75％。[结论]强调踝关节骨折切开解剖复位，坚强内固定的同时，应充分重视修复重建三角韧带。     

Influence of the design of the prosthesis on the outcome after hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder in displaced fractures of the head of the humerus

We reviewed 39 patients with displaced three- and four-part fractures of the humerus. In 21 patients (group A) we had used an anatomical prosthesis for the humeral head and in 18 (group B) an implant designed for fractures. When followed up at a mean of 29.3 months after surgery the overall Constant score was 51.9 points; in group A it was 51.5 and in group B 52.4 points. The subjective satisfaction of the patients was assessed using a numerical rating scale and was similar in both groups. In group A complete healing of the tuberosities was found in 29% and 50% in group B. Partial integration was seen in 29% of group A and in only one patient in group B, while resorption was noted in 43% of group A and 44% of group B. The functional outcome was significantly better in patients with complete or partial healing of the tuberosities (p=0.022). The specific trauma prosthesis did not lead to better healing of the tuberosities. The difference in clinical outcome obtained by the two designs did not reach statistical significance.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.