灰毡毛忍冬花蕾的化学成分研究

目的 研究灰毡毛忍冬花蕾的化学成分.方法 应用溶剂萃取及柱色谱方法分离灰毡毛忍冬花蕾的化学成分,通过波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构.结果 从灰毡毛忍冬花蕾中分离得到7个化合物,其中1个单萜苷类成分、2个香豆素苷类成分、1个三萜皂苷类成分、3个黄酮苷类成分,分别为(2E,6E)-3,7-二甲基-8-羟基八二烯-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、6-甲氧基香豆素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(东莨菪苷)(Ⅱ)、香豆素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(茵芋苷)(Ⅲ)、齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1-6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯(Ⅳ)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅶ).结论 化合物Ⅰ～Ⅴ为首次从忍冬属中分得.     

中华枸杞中1个新的香豆素葡萄糖苷

目的 研究中华枸杞Lycium chinense果实的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶、D101大孔吸附树脂、ODS等柱色谱以及半制备液相色谱等现代分离技术进行分离纯化,根据化合物的波谱数据和理化性质进行结构鉴定,并对部分化合物进行α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性筛选。结果 从中华枸杞醋酸乙酯部位分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为7-O-(6-O-3-羟基异丁酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-6-甲氧基香豆素（1）、东莨菪苷（2）、东莨菪素（3）、反式对香豆酰基-β-D-葡萄糖苷（4）、cassoside I(5)、对羟基苯乙酮-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（6）、苯甲醇吡喃葡萄糖苷（7）、苯乙基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（8）、柚皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（9）、5-O-对香豆酰奎尼酸甲酯（10）、绿原酸甲酯（11）。结论 化合物1为1个新的香豆素葡萄糖苷,命名为枸杞苷E。化合物10和11为首次从该属植物中分离得到。化合物4～11为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物11对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有弱的抑制作用。     

白桑叶化学成分研究

目的研究白桑叶的化学成分。方法利用各种色谱技术进行分离,根据光谱数据鉴定结构。结果从白桑叶中分离得到17个单体化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、茄尼醇(2)、(6S,9R)-6-羟基-3-氧代-α-紫罗兰醇-9-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、5α,6α-环氧-β-紫罗兰酮-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、5,5’-二甲氧基落叶松树脂醇-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、腺苷(6)、3β-羟基-5α,6α-环氧-β-紫罗兰醇-2α-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、山柰酚-3-O-β-槐糖苷(8)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、东莨菪苷(10)、icariside B(11)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(12)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(13)、东莨菪内酯(14)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(15)、马栗树皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(16)、左旋丁香树脂酚-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(17)。结论化合物2、4、5、6、7、8、9、13为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

栀子化学成分(Ⅳ)

目的:研究栀子的干燥成熟果实中的化学成分。方法:采用各种柱色谱方法分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从栀子的果实中分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为6″-O-[(E)-p-香豆酰基]京尼平龙胆二糖苷(1),3-O-咖啡酰基-4-O-芥子酰基奎宁酸(2),6″-O-反式-芥子酰基京尼平龙胆二糖苷(3),绿原酸(4),3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚(5),东莨菪内酯(6),滨蒿内酯(7),2-(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯)乙基-β-D-呋喃芹糖氧基-(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8),中脂素(9),5’-甲氧基异落叶松脂醇-3α-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10)。结论:化合物5~10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

山鸡椒水溶性成分的研究

通过MCI树脂、Sephadex LH-20和反相HPLC等多种色谱分离方法相结合,从山鸡椒乙醇提取物中的水溶性部位中分离得到25个芳香苷和3个紫罗兰苷类成分,经MS和NMR等波谱技术分别鉴定为(7S,8R)-去氢二松柏醇-4,9'-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),(7S,8R)-5-甲氧基二氢去氢二愈创木基醇-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),(7S,8R)-urolignoside(3),(7R,8S)-二氢去氢二愈创木基醇-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4),(7S,8R)-二氢去氢二愈创木基醇-9-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(saposide B)(5),lanicepside A(6),罗汉脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),4-O-甲基罗汉脂素-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(tyraxjaponoside B)(8),(+)-南烛木树脂酚-9'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9),(-)-(2R)-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基2-{2,6-二甲氧基-4-[1-(E)-丙烯3-醇]苯氧基}丙烷-3-醇(alaschanisoside A)(10),紫丁香苷(syringin)(11),psoralenoside(12),isopsoralenoside(13),东莨菪苷(scopolin)(14),2,6-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15),3-羟基-4,5-二甲氧基苯酚-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(16),2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-乙基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(17),2-(4-羟基苯基)-乙基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(18),(+)-儿茶素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(19),3'-甲氧基表儿茶素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(20),山奈酚-3,7-α-L-二鼠李糖苷(kaempferitrin)(21),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(22),山奈酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(23),山奈酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(24),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-O-α-L-鼠李糖基(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(25),staphylionoside D(26),吐叶醇-9-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(27),二氢吐叶醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(28),其中化合物1~21,24~28均为首次从该属植物中发现。     

通脉方化学成分

目的:研究通脉方(葛根、丹参、川芎)的化学成分,为中药复方物质基础研究提供示范。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、反相高效液相色谱等柱色谱法进行分离、纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和谱学数据鉴定其结构。结果:从通脉方水提取物中分离得到34个化合物,分别鉴定为:丹参酮I(1)、隐丹参酮(2)、二氢丹参酮I(3)、芒柄花素(4)、原儿茶醛(5)、大豆苷元(6)、反式-阿魏酸(7)、芒柄花苷(8)、5-羟基芒柄花苷(9)、洋川芎内酯H(10)、葛根苷D(11)、染料木苷(12)、大豆苷(13)、3’-甲氧基葛根素(14)、芒柄花素-8-C-β-D-呋喃芹糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15)、芒柄花素-7-O-β-D-呋喃芹糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(16)、澳白檀苷(17)、5,7-二羟基-4’-甲氧基异黄酮-7-O-β-D-木糖基-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(18)、鹰嘴豆芽素A-8-C-β-D-呋喃芹糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(19)、葛根素(20)、蔗糖(21)、腺嘌呤核苷(22)、葛根素芹菜糖苷(23)、3’-羟基葛根素(24)、3’-甲氧基大豆苷元-7,4’-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(25)、大豆苷元-7,4’-O-葡萄糖苷(26)、3’-甲氧基大豆苷(27)、芒柄花素-8-C-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(28)、染料木素-7-O-β-D-呋喃芹糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(29)、染料木素-8-C-呋喃芹糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(30)、大豆苷元-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(31)、大豆苷元-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(32)、3’-羟基葛根素芹菜糖苷(33)、6″-O-D-木糖基葛根素(34)。结论:综合以上及葛根、丹参、川芎单味药材化学成分的研究结果,判断通脉方主要化学成分为异黄酮类,来源于组方中的葛根;3个丹参酮类化合物来源于组方中的丹参;洋川芎内酯H来源于组方中的川芎。虽然单味药材的化学成分在复方中皆有体现,但主要是君药葛根的化学成分。16,17,29为首次从葛根及葛属中分离得到。     

滇白珠抗炎镇痛活性部位的化学成分研究

目的对滇白珠Gaultheria leucocarpa var.yunnanensis抗炎镇痛活性部位(ARF)的化学成分进行研究。方法利用MCI-Gel CHP、AB-8大孔吸附树脂、薄层色谱等方法进行分离和纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从滇白珠30%乙醇提取物即ARF中分离得到16个化合物,其中水杨酸甲酯糖苷类化合物4个:水杨酸甲酯-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、冬绿苷(2)、水杨酸甲酯-2-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→2)[O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→6)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、水杨酸甲酯-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)[O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→6)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4);醇苷类化合物3个:乙基-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(5)、乙基-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、甲基-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7);单萜苷类化合物2个:长寿花糖苷(8)、芍药苷(9);苯甲酸类化合物5个:香草酸(10)、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(11)、3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸(12)、阿魏酸(13)、绿原酸(14);其他成分2个:4-羟基-2,6-二甲氧基苯基-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(15)和3-甲氧基-1H-吡咯(16)。结论化合物5~9、12、15、16是首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物7为首次从白珠树属植物中分离得到,化合物8、9、12、15是首次从杜鹃花科植物中分离得到。     

满山白化学成分研究

目的:研究满山白的化学成分.方法:采用ODS反相硅胶柱色谱、凝胶Sephadex LH-20等多种柱色谱学手段,对满山白叶水提物化学成分进行分离和纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定.结果:从满山白叶水提物中分离出13个化合物,分别监定为5-甲氧基二聚松柏醇(1),二聚松柏醇(2),左旋丁香树脂酚(3),(-)-lyoniresinol(4),(+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),(-)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6),3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚-l-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),nikoenoside(8),3,5,7-三羟基色原酮-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(9),3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚(10),东莨菪内酯(11),东莨菪苷(12),槲皮苷(13).结论:化合物1 ～ 12均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

缬草中黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究缬草的黄酮类化学成分。方法:采用各种色谱方法分离纯化,通过测定理化常数和光谱分析鉴定黄酮类化合物的结构。结果:从缬草40%乙醇洗脱部位中分离并鉴定了10个黄酮类化合物,分别为:芹菜素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、8-甲基-芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(2)、6-甲基-芹菜素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、金合欢素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、金合欢素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、5-甲氧基-金合欢素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、5-甲氧基-金合欢素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、4'-甲基-5-甲氧基-黄酮-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、香叶木素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、8-羟基-香蜂草苷(10)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

香加皮化学成分的研究

目的:研究香加皮的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶、ODS柱色谱等方法分离纯化,利用理化性质及波谱方法鉴定化学成分的结构。结果:分离并鉴定了11个化合物,分别为异香草醛(Ⅰ),4-甲氧基水杨酸(Ⅱ),4-甲氧基水杨醛(Ⅲ),咖啡酸乙酯(Ⅳ),东莨菪内酯(Ⅴ),5,5′-二甲氧基落叶松脂醇-4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(tortosideB)(Ⅵ),periplocosideL(Ⅶ),Δ5-孕甾烯-3β,20(S)-二醇(Ⅷ),Δ5-孕甾烯-3β,20(S)-二醇-20-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅸ),Δ5-孕甾烯-3β,20(S)-二醇-20-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅹ),Δ5-孕甾烯-3β,20(S)-二醇-3-O-[2-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃洋地黄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃加拿大麻糖]-20-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃洋地黄糖苷(Ⅺ)。结论:其中化合物Ⅳ,Ⅵ,Ⅸ和Ⅹ为首次从该种药材中得到。     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的显微和化学鉴别

目的:为苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属植物牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的鉴定和分类提供解剖学和化学依据。方法:采用石蜡制片法和水合氯醛透化法对2种药用植物的根状茎和叶横切面和粉末特征进行研究,应用光学显微镜观察显微结构。采用HPLC-UV法进行化学鉴别。结果:牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵显微特征无明显区别,但是化学特征有明显的差异。结论:化学诞生特征鉴别方法可以作为2种药用植物的鉴定方法。