超临界CO_2从黄山药中萃取薯蓣皂素的工艺研究

报道了超临界CO2萃取薯蓣皂素的工艺研究,主要探讨了萃取压力、温度、时间及流量、夹带剂、分离条件等对收率的影响,确定了超临界CO2萃取薯蓣皂素的最佳条件:萃取压力为29 MPa,温度55 ℃;分离Ⅰ压力为10 MPa,温度60 ℃;分离Ⅱ压力为5.6MPa,温度45℃;分离柱压力为18 MPa,温度为70 ℃;CO2流量为12 kg/kg原料·h;萃取时间3 h;夹带剂为药用酒精.同时还进行了超临界CO2萃取薯蓣皂素的中试放大,并和传统汽油法进行比较.超临界CO2萃取方法比汽油法优越,表现在收率高、提取时间短等方面,两种方法成本相差不大.     

超临界CO2流体萃取迷迭香中抗氧化活性成分的工艺研究

目的 考察影响超临界CO2流体萃取迷迭香中抗氧化物质的因素。方法 采用正交试验设计，以两级萃取物中主要抗氧化活性成分鼠尾草酸含量作为考察指标，对影响超临界CO2流体萃取鼠尾草酸工艺的因素进行研究。结果 得到了萃取鼠尾草酸的最佳工艺条件。一级分离的最佳试验工艺条件为：萃取压力40MPa、萃取温度55℃、分离压力5MPa、分离温度70℃；二级分离的最佳试验工艺条件为：萃取压力20MPa、萃取温度75℃、分离压力15MPa、分离温度80℃。结论 超临界CO2流体萃取技术可用于迷迭香中抗氧化成分鼠尾草酸的提取。     

超临界CO2流体萃取肿节风中有效成份的工艺研究

目的:考察超临界CO2流体萃取肿节风有效成份的最佳工艺。方法:采用正交试验设计,以异秦皮啶含量为考察指标,对影响超临界CO2流体萃取因素进行研究。结果:最佳萃取工艺条件为:萃取压力20 MPa、萃取温度35℃、分离压力5 MPa、分离温度45℃。结论:超临界CO2流体萃取技术可用于肿节风有效成分提取。     

超临界CO2萃取银杏叶中总黄酮醇苷的夹带剂工艺条件

摘要：目的  探讨夹带剂在超临界二氧化碳CO2中萃取银杏叶总黄酮醇苷的工艺条件。方法  以夹带剂加入方式、夹带剂种类、夹带剂加入量及夹带剂流速为考察因素,总黄酮醇苷的提取率作为考察指标,用L9（34）正交表优化工艺条件,高效液相色谱法测定总黄酮醇苷含量。结果  夹带方式选择预浸+动态萃取模式,以95%乙醇作为夹带剂,加入量300 ml,加入流速10 ml/min。在上述条件进行超临界萃取时,总黄酮苷醇提取率可达5.03%：萃取压力20 MPa,萃取温度60℃,出口温度70℃,用95%乙醇液态收集萃取物,动态萃取时间1 h。结论  该实验优选的工艺明显提高超临界CO2萃取银杏叶中总黄酮醇苷的提取效率。

     

乙醇对超临界CO2萃取云厚朴总酚影响的研究

目的:考察乙醇作为夹带剂对超临界CO2萃取云厚朴总酚的影响,优选云厚朴最佳提取工艺.方法:在不加夹带剂的工艺条件基础上,以不同乙醇浓度、乙醇用量及CO2流速作为考察因素,并用紫外分光光度法进行含量测定.结果:经紫外分析测定,在85%乙醇、用量600mL、CO2流速为20L/h的条件下,厚朴总酚提取率最高,平均为7.01%.结论:SFE-CO2萃取云厚朴中厚朴总酚的最优工艺为在添加夹带剂的情况下:萃取温度45℃,萃取压力30MPa,分离温度为35℃,分离压力7MPa,85%乙醇,600mI.的用量,CO2的流量为20L/h,萃取时间为2.5小时.     

超临界CO_2萃取灯盏花中总黄酮成分的工艺研究

目的 :探讨从灯盏花中提取总黄酮成分的工艺。方法 :采用超临界CO2 萃取法 ,并与水提醇沉法比较。结果 :超临界CO2 萃取的最佳工艺为 :压力为 2 5MPa ,夹带剂为 85 %乙醇 ,萃取温度为 4 0℃ ,萃取时间3h ,夹带剂加入量 80 0mL ,CO2 流量为 15L/h。结论 :从灯盏花中提取总黄酮成分 ,超临界CO2 萃取是可行的。     

超临界CO2流体萃取滇红茶及其提取物成分分析

目的考察超临界二氧化碳提取滇红茶香气成分的最佳工艺,并对提取物成分进行分析。方法采用单因素试验考察夹带剂、茶叶粒度、萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度对提取率的影响,再通过正交试验优化工艺条件;用GC-MS方法进行化学成分分析。结果最佳工艺条件为：夹带剂250mL无水乙醇、茶叶粒度20目、提取时间0.5h、萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度45℃,萃取率为0.46％,提取物经GC/MS检测到近50种成分。结论超临界CO2流体萃取技术可用于滇红茶有效成分的提取。     

石蒜中加兰他敏的超临界CO2萃取工艺研究

目的 考察影响石蒜中加兰他敏超临界CO2萃取的因素.方法 采用单因素试验和正交试验考察超临界萃取条件,以加兰他敏的提取率为考察指标,对影响加兰他敏提取率的温度、压力、CO2流量、夹带剂进行了研究.结果 提取加兰他敏最佳超临界条件:萃取温度65℃,压力40 MPa,CO2流量20 g/min,夹带剂为90%乙醇溶液,流量5mL/min,萃取时间为3 h.在上述工艺条件下,加兰他敏提取率可达0.014 5%.结论 超临界CO2萃取工艺适合于石蒜中加兰他敏的提取.     

超临界CO2流体萃取白花丹参中脂溶性成分的工艺研究

目的探讨超临界CO2流体萃取白花丹参中脂溶性成分的最佳工艺。方法采用正交试验,以萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取压力及夹带剂浓度为考察因素,以萃取率为指标,确定超临界CO2流体萃取白花丹参中脂溶性成分的最佳条件。结果超临界CO2流体萃取白花丹参中脂溶性成分的最佳条件为萃取温度45℃,萃取时间1.5h,萃取压力25 MPa,乙醇浓度900 ml/L。结论白花丹参在此试验条件下,可得到较高的脂溶性成分,为深入研究白花丹参的药用价值创造条件。     

超临界CO2提纯猪肺表面活性物质的研究

目的建立超临界CO2流体提纯猪肺表面活性物质的方法。方法通过四因素———四水平正交试验设计对超临界CO2流体提纯猪肺表面活性物质萃取过程中的主要影响因素进行考察,以优化萃取工艺。结果在超临界流体萃取中最佳萃取条件:压力30 MPa,温度50 ℃,动态萃取时间4 h,无水乙醇为夹带剂,剂量0.2 ml。结论与传统方法相比,超临界流体萃取大大减少了有机溶剂用量;建立了一种提纯猪肺表面活性物质的简便、高效、可行的新方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.