关节镜下自体骨-髌腱-骨重建膝关节前交叉韧带

为探讨关节镜下自身骨－髌腱－骨（ＢＰＢ）重建膝前交叉韧带（ＡＣＬ）方法的疗效，采用该法治疗２例左膝关节前交叉韧带断裂患者。结果：２例患者均于术后２周去拐行走，检查前抽屈试验及Ｌａｃｈｍａｎ试验阴性；１例术后４个月复查，临床症状消失，行走步态正常，关节活动自如。提示：膝关节镜下进行ＡＣＬ重建，损伤小，康复快，疗效肯定。     

正常前交叉韧带的功能解剖观察

正常前交叉韧带的功能解剖观察李昶闫明张琪（第二附属医院，０１００３０）前交叉韧带（ＡＣＬ）损伤后的治疗是骨科的主要问题之一。为深入了解ＡＣＬ，改善疗效，我们对ＡＣＬ的解剖形态进行观察，并讨论有关问题。１材料和方法３０例尸体膝关节。正中矢状面锯开股骨至...     

髌腱动力重建膝关节交叉韧带

目的 探讨陈旧性膝关节交叉韧带断裂重建术的必要性、手术时机及自体髌腱动力重建的优越性。方法 自体髌腱关节内动力重建前交叉韧带9例，重建后交叉韧带3例。结果 经8个月-4年6个月的随访，总优良率达84．6％。结论 髌腱是重建膝关节交叉韧带的最佳材料，单纯关节内髌腱动力重建术操作简单、疗效确切，功能恢复与病程长短有直接关系。     

膝关节镜下自体半腱肌移植和髌腱重建前交叉韧带对比观察

目的:观察关节镜下不同术式重建前交叉韧带的疗效,根据不同情况选择合适的手术方式.方法:采用Lysholm膝关节评分法,对行自体髌腱骨-腱-骨重建前交叉韧带和半腱肌移植重建前交叉韧带两种术式及随访资料进行分析.结果:膝关节评分自体髌腱组平均82.4±7.2,半腱肌移植组为85.3±11.6.结论:自体半腱肌移植和髌腱自体髌腱组在Lysholm评分上无明显差异,两者均为目前前交叉韧带重建的主要方法,如果复合内侧副韧带、鹅足腱等损伤出现关节内侧结构不稳,采用髌腱重建韧带.     

膝关节半月板损伤的核磁共振诊断价值

描述了３０例怀疑有半月板损伤的膝关节核磁共振（ＭＲＩ）所见，全部病例均经关节镜手术证实。３０例膝关节ＭＲＩ检查，对半月板损伤诊断的准确率为８６．７％；对盘状半月板、半月板囊肿、髌腱囊肿、骨关节病（ＯＡ）、前交叉韧带（ＡＣＬ）损伤诊断的准确率可达１００％。并指出有相当一部份半月板损伤缺乏ＭＲＩ分级信号，仅表现为不规则信号或信号消失。     

膝关节半月板损伤的核磁共振诊断价值

描述了３０例怀疑有半月板损伤的膝关节核磁共振（ＭＲＩ）所见，全部病例均经关节镜手术证实。３０例膝关节ＭＲＩ检查，对半月板损伤诊断的准确率为８６．７％；对盘状半反、半月板囊肿、髌腱囊肿、骨关节病（ＯＡ）、前交叉韧带（ＡＣＬ）损伤诊断的准确率可达１００％。并指出有相当一部分半月板损伤缺乏ＭＲＩ分级信号，仅表现为不规则信号或信号消失。     

膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的MRI诊断

报告２８例膝关节前交叉韧带（ＡＣＬ）损伤的分类及其ＭＲＩ７种主要表现，并与１５例正常ＡＣＬ及ＰＣＬ的ＭＲＪ对照，对ＡＣＬ损伤的ＭＲＩ检查体位及特点、病理基础及临床诊断价值进行讨论．     

自体髌腱前交叉韧带重建术供区不适的防治

目的 探讨自体髌腱前交叉韧带重建术的供区不适的防治方法.方法 2004年10月至2009年8月,收治前交叉韧带断裂患者30例,其中采用自体髌腱移植9例,余21例使用同种异体髌腱重建,均在关节镜下行ACL重建,术后予科学的康复训练.经随访3-26月,以临床检查(前抽屉试验、Lachman实验、轴移实验)IKDC评分、Lysholm评分来评估疗效.结果 9例采用自体髌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的患者,经过术中髌腱供区植骨、与异体髌腱移植重建一致的康复训练,短、中期随访膝关节稳定性无明显差异.自体髌腱移植9例患者中出现2例膝部皮肤麻木,1例跪地疼痛,2例膝行疼痛,髌腱供区不适的发生率与文献报道相比明显降低.结论 植骨修补髌腱供区表面缺损,结合康复锻炼可减少自体髌腱移植术供区的不适症状,尤其膝部疼痛明显减少.     

膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的MRI诊断

报告２８例膝关节前交叉韧带（ＡＣＬ）损伤的分类及其ＭＲＩ７种主要表现，并与１５例正常ＡＣＬ及ＰＣＬ的ＭＲＩ对照，对ＡＣＬ损伤的ＭＲＩ检查体位及特点、病理基础及临床诊断价值进行讨论。     

骨-髌腱-髌前骨膜-股四头肌腱条骨块嵌入法重建前交叉韧带1例

1 病例报告 患男,36岁。因车祸致左膝关节损伤,前交叉韧带断裂入院,采取骨—髌腱—髌前骨膜—股四头肌腱条骨块嵌入法重建前交叉韧带(ACL)治疗,术后随访1年,效果良好,介绍如下。 手术方法要点在于移植腱条胫骨结构处骨块的切取及重建时骨块的嵌入固定。切取股四头肌腱—髌前骨膜—髌腱中1/3部连续腱条至胫骨结节髌腱止点处,带有长2.5cm,基底宽1.0cm,厚约0.6～0.7cm的楔形骨块,用进口缝线缝编     

Anatomical reconstruction of the patellar tendon using the fascia lata attached to the iliac bone following resection for soft tissue sarcoma: A case report

A new reconstruction of the patellar tendon was performed in a 43-year-old patient who lost tendon and tibial tuberosity after a wide tumor resection for low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the parapatellar tendon. In this technique, the patellar tendon was anatomically reconstructed using a fascia lata attached to the iliac bone. The iliac bone was fixed to the tibial bony trough with absorbable screws, and the fascia lata was fashioned into three branches: the central branch was folded through the tunnel in the patella, and the medial and lateral branches were tagged to the medial and lateral retinaculum, respectively, around the patella. The skin defect was covered by the bilateral head of the gastrocnemius flap and a split-thickness skin graft. At the 3-year follow-up, the active range of motion of the knee joint was 0 to 110 degrees. The functional result according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system was 97%. Radiographs showed that the grafted bone was united well to the tibial bone, and the grafted fascia was confirmed as a dark band on MRI. There was no evidence of disease and no complaint of the donor site. This procedure allows for the reconstruction of the patellar tendon in the original location. To our knowledge, this reconstructive procedure of the patellar tendon using the fascia lata attached to the iliac bone has never been reported in English literature.     

Anatomical reconstruction of the patellar tendon using the fascia lata attached to the iliac bone following resection for soft tissue sarcoma: A case report

Abstract

A new reconstruction of the patellar tendon was performed in a 43-year-old patient who lost tendon and tibial tuberosity after a wide tumor resection for low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the parapatellar tendon. In this technique, the patellar tendon was anatomically reconstructed using a fascia lata attached to the iliac bone. The iliac bone was fixed to the tibial bony trough with absorbable screws, and the fascia lata was fashioned into three branches: the central branch was folded through the tunnel in the patella, and the medial and lateral branches were tagged to the medial and lateral retinaculum, respectively, around the patella. The skin defect was covered by the bilateral head of the gastrocnemius flap and a split-thickness skin graft. At the 3-year follow-up, the active range of motion of the knee joint was 0 to 110 degrees. The functional result according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system was 97%. Radiographs showed that the grafted bone was united well to the tibial bone, and the grafted fascia was confirmed as a dark band on MRI. There was no evidence of disease and no complaint of the donor site. This procedure allows for the reconstruction of the patellar tendon in the original location. To our knowledge, this reconstructive procedure of the patellar tendon using the fascia lata attached to the iliac bone has never been reported in English literature.     

关节镜下自体髌韧带重建膝前交叉韧带术

应用关节镜下自体髌韧带重建膝前交叉韧带的技术和效果。材料与方法自１９９５年１０月至１９９８年８月共８７例经关节镜检查证实为前交叉韧带损伤,部分病人同时伴有半月板、内侧副韧带、关节面软骨或后交叉韧带损伤。     

COA:Knee Function After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Patellar Versus Hamstring Tendon: a meta-analysis

Background There is currently no consensus regarding the best graft type for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of patellar and hamstring tendon grafts on long-term knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods This meta-analysis was conducted according to the methodological guidelines outlined by the Cochrane Collaboration. An electronic search of the literature was performed and all trials published between January 1966 and August 2011 comparing knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon grafts with knee function after reconstruction with hamstring tendon grafts were pooled. Six studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Results Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon grafts resulted in greater pain upon kneeling than reconstruction using patellar tendon grafts (P = 0.001). However, both grafts resulted in similar levels of anterior tibial translation, and similar results regarding isokinetic extension/flexion tests, Lysholm scores, and the stair-hop test (P > 0.05). Conclusions Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar or hamstring tendon grafts results in similar long-term knee function.     

Knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar or hamstring tendon: a meta-analysis

Background  There is currently no consensus regarding the best graft type for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of patellar and hamstring tendon grafts on long-term knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Methods  This meta-analysis was conducted according to the methodological guidelines outlined by the Cochrane Collaboration. An electronic search of the literature was performed and all trials published between January 1966 and August 2011 comparing knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon grafts with knee function after reconstruction with hamstring tendon grafts were pooled. Six studies were included in the final meta-analysis.

Results  Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon grafts resulted in greater pain upon kneeling than reconstruction using patellar tendon grafts (P=0.001). However, both grafts resulted in similar levels of anterior tibial translation, and similar results regarding isokinetic extension/flexion tests, Lysholm scores, and the stair-hop test (P >0.05).

Conclusion  Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar or hamstring tendon grafts results in similar long-term knee function.

     

Simultaneous patellar fracture and patellar tendon avulsion following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a case report and literature review

Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using the middle third of the patellar tendon is an effective method for treating ACL insufficiency. Donor site morbidities are usually mild. This article presents a case of simultaneous patellar fracture and patellar tendon avulsion that occurred 8 weeks after this operation. Such a case has rarely been reported. Theoretically, an accelerated rehabilitation protocol after ACL reconstruction may increase patellar stress and the potential for patellar fracture. However, it is still very important because complications such as arthrofibrosis, muscle atrophy, and patellofemoral pain may outweigh the chance of patellar fracture if adequate rehabilitation is not performed.     

过度运动对大鼠髌腱组织损伤和腱细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨过度运动对大鼠髌腱组织和腱细胞凋亡的影响。方法将40只Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠,随机分为8组,7组为过度运动组,1组为对照组,每组5只。过度运动组分别于过度运动1～6w及过度运动6w休息2w后,取大鼠的髌腱。通过TUNEL法和Caspase-3活性的检测方法检测细胞凋亡,同时切片行苏木素伊红(HE)染色观察组织形态学变化。结果 (1)TUNEL法显示过度运动4、5和6w后髌腱细胞凋亡数高于对照组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;过度运动1～3w后,细胞凋亡数与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);过度运动4、5w组织与过度运动6w组织相比,细胞凋亡数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);休息2w后大鼠组织细胞凋亡数与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。(2)Caspase-3活性的检测方法得出的结果和TUNEL法相似。(3)HE染色显示过度运动1～3w后髌腱细胞及胶原排列未见明显异常改变;过度运动4w和5w后,组织细胞增多,胶原排列未见明显紊乱;过度运动6w后,胶原排列出现不规整;休息2w后大鼠组织胶原排列不规整,成纤维细胞未见明显增多。结论过度运动可引起大鼠髌腱损伤,休息后有利于损伤的修复。     

Patella infera following patellar tendon contracture after closed trauma

Patella infera is a rare condition caused by pathological shortening of the patellar tendon. The term ＂patella infera＂ was coined by Caton et al＇ in 1982 and the condition can severely affect knee function. Patella infera has been reported as a complication of non-operative treatment for patellar fracture;^2 anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction;     

皮质骨嵌压钉在前交叉韧带重建中的生物力学研究

目的探讨胭绳肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带（ACL）胫骨端皮质骨嵌压钉的生物力学。方法新鲜冷冻膝关节标本21具（北京市解剖学会提供）,采用四股胭绳肌腱移植重建ACL,胫骨端分别用自制皮质骨嵌压钉（n=7）、可吸收界面螺钉（n=7）和Intrafix（n=7）固定,测试最大载荷、100N和400N位移、抗拉刚度、失败模式等数据并进行统计学分析。结果以上指标在皮质骨嵌压钉组和可吸收界面螺钉组无统计学差异。皮质骨嵌压钉组的最大拔出载荷及抗拉刚度〈Intrafix固定组（P〈0．05）,100N位移、400N位移〉Intrafix固定组（P〈0．05）。结论自制皮质骨嵌压钉的最大拔出载荷、100N位移、400N位移以及抗拉刚度均与可吸收界面螺钉相近,可以满足ACL重建固定肌腱的需要。     

关节镜下3种方法重建前交叉韧带的对比研究

目的:探讨关节镜下应用自体腘绳肌腱(HT)或异体胫前肌腱(ATT)配合两种不同固定方法重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的手术方法与疗效.方法:2007年9月～2010年6月收治60例单侧膝关节单纯ACL损伤患者,根据ACL重建时移植物与固定方法的不同,分成3组.A组12例,采用自体HT、双桩固定;B组23例,采用自体HT、Endobutton、可吸收界面螺钉固定;C组25例,采用异体ATT、Endobutton、可吸收界面螺钉固定.术后平均随访13.6个月,根据Lysholm膝关节评分和KT- 2000关节测量仪测定稳定性评价临床疗效.结果:Lysholm评分、KT2000测试,3组手术前后各项指标差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),但3组间术后各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:关节镜下采用四股自体HT或异体ATT配合两种不同固定方法重建膝ACL,早期0.5～1.5年随访效果,疗效满意,不良反应发生率低.其中采用自体HT、双桩固定重建ACL的方法,具有取材方便、并发症少、疗效确切、医疗费用低等优点,值得临床推广应用.