舌莲胃康胶囊的质量标准研究

目的:建立舌莲胃康胶囊的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对舌莲胃康胶囊中莪术、三七、白花蛇舌草进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定半枝莲中野黄芩苷的含量。结果:TLC斑点清晰、分离度好,阴性无干扰;野黄芩苷检测浓度在0.01～0.10mg.mL-1范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率为97.86%,RSD=1.62%(n=6)。结论:所建标准可用于舌莲胃康胶囊的质量控制。     

复方山芪参胶囊的质量标准

目的:建立复方山芪参胶囊的质量标准。方法:采用TLC法对复方山芪参胶囊中山楂、黄连、黄芪及丹参进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定其中大黄素及大黄酚的总量。结果:薄层色谱法可明显鉴别出该制剂中的山楂、黄连、黄芪及丹参;大黄素在1.0～30.1μg·ml~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为100.1%,RSD为1.8%,n=5;大黄酚在1.03～31.02μg·ml~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为97.5%,RSD为1.5%,n=5。结论:该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可有效控制复方山芪参胶囊的质量。     

糖尿康胶囊质量标准研究

目的建立糖尿康胶囊(黄芪、葛根、丹参、人参、黄连等)的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法对方中的黄连、葛根、丹参进行鉴别。用薄层扫描法对方中所含黄芪甲苷进行含量测定。结果薄层鉴别色谱特征斑点明显。黄芪甲苷在1.046~5.230μg之间呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9994,平均回收率为98.38%,RSD=1.83%(n=6)。结论本法准确、稳定性好,可作为本复方制剂的质量控制标准方法。     

糖脂康胶囊的制备及质量控制

目的:制备糖脂康胶囊并对其质量标准进行研究.方法:以黄芪、丹参、大黄、壳聚糖等为主要成分制备糖脂康胶囊,采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对本品中的主要成分黄芪、白术、丹参进行定性鉴别;高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定本品中大黄素、大黄酚的含量.结果:TLC色谱中均能明显地检出黄芪、白术、丹参;HPLC法测得本品中大黄素、大黄酚的总量为2.37～2.89 mg·g-1,大黄素加样回收率为98.38%,RSD为1.24%;大黄酚加样回收率为97.76%,RSD为1.17%.定性、定量方法简便,准确,专属性强.结论:本品处方组成合理,制备工艺可行,符合胶囊剂质量要求,质量标准能够控制该制剂的内在质量.     

彝心康胶囊中虎杖的鉴别与含量测定方法研究

目的:提升完善彝心康胶囊的质量标准.方法:采用薄层色谱法对彝心康胶囊中的虎杖进行鉴别,以高效液相色谱法对其主药虎杖中的虎杖苷进行含量测定,采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-水(15:85);流速1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长306 nm;柱...     

维血宁颗粒的质量标准研究

目的:提高维血宁颗粒的质量标准.方法:采用薄层色谱法 (TLC法 )对处方中虎杖、白芍、太子参进行定性鉴别;采用反相高效液相色谱法 (RP- HPLC法 )测定颗粒中大黄素的含量.结果: TLC鉴别方法专属性强、大黄素在 0.014 98～ 0. 074 90 μ g范围内进样量与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系, r=0.999 3,平均回收率为 99.89% (n=6),RSD=0.97%.结论:本质量标准可有效控制维血宁颗粒的质量.     

芪参肝复胶囊的薄层色谱鉴别及含量测定

目的建立芪参肝复胶囊中薄层色谱鉴别和含量测定方法。方法采用TLC法对方中黄芪、苦参、青叶胆、三七等4味药材进行定性鉴别;用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对方中虎杖的有效成分大黄素进行含量测定。结果本品定性鉴别薄层色谱特征明显,专属性强;HPLC定量测定大黄素表明,大黄素进样量在0.041～0.410μg范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为98.6%(n=6),RSD=0.53%。结论薄层色谱鉴别及高效液相色谱法测定含量简便、准确、重现性好,可用于芪参肝复胶囊的质量控制。     

黄虎胶囊质量标准研究

目的建立黄虎胶囊的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法,对黄虎胶囊中虎杖、黄连、山豆根、龙胆草进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法对黄虎胶囊中大黄素进行含量测定。结果薄层色谱斑点清晰、分离良好,阴性对照品溶液无干扰;大黄素质量浓度在21.84～109.20μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r为0.999 9,平均回收率为99.32%,RSD为1.87%(n=6)。结论薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱法可同时用于黄虎胶囊的质量控制。     

复方硒酸酯多糖胶囊质量控制标准的研究

目的 :研究复方硒酸酯多糖胶囊的质控标准。方法 :采用薄层色谱法鉴别复方硒酸酯多糖胶囊中黄芪、白花蛇舌草 ,用荧光分光光度法测定硒的含量。结果 :硒的线性浓度范围为0～0 5μg/ml,平均回收率为100 4% ,RSD=0 91 %。结论 :本方法操作简便,结果准确 ,可用于复方硒酸酯多糖胶囊的质量控制。     

调理通宝Ⅰ号胶囊的质量标准

摘 要 目的：建立调理通宝Ⅰ号胶囊的质量标准。方法: 采用薄层色谱法鉴别黄芪、白术、佛手、木香,采用高效液相色谱法测定虎杖中有效成分大黄素的含量。结果: TLC鉴别斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰。虎杖中有效成分大黄素在线性范围4.25~68.00 μg·ml-1内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9;平均加样回收率为95.22%, RSD为1.47%（n=6）。结论: 通过方法学验证表明所建立的方法可用于调理通宝Ⅰ号胶囊的质量控制。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.