北京市男男性行为者安全套使用社会规范与无保护性肛交关系的研究

Objective To understand the prevalence of and factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse(UAI)among men who have sex with men(MSM)in Beijing.Methods Five hundred MSM were recruited for a survey using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS)method, from September to October in 2009. A computer-assisted, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information including demographics, sexual behaviors and condom use social norms(a scaled number). Variables were evaluated by using RDSAT and SAS software.Results Mean age of the participants was 30.6 years, with 96.0% of them as Han ethnicity and68.5% having had at least high school or higher education level. 72.8% of them were unmarried, with 61.7% of them identified themselves as homosexual, 61.2% had ＞ 1 male partners in the past six months, and the prevalence of UAI was 42.0%. Significant bivariate predictors of UAI would include condom use social norms score, role for anal sex with male sex partner, number of male sexual partners in the past 6 months and amount of alcohol consumed. In multivariable analysis, UAI was associated with a higher condom use social norms score(AOR= 1.2, 95%CI: 1.1-1.3), receptive anal intercourse(AOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3-3.2)and drinking alcohol more than 3 times per month in the past 12 months(AOR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.1-2.5). Conclusion The prevalence of UAI was high in the MSM community in Beijing, suggesting that efforts should be targeting on how to make the condom use a social norm and being promoted.     

北京市男男性行为者安全套使用社会规范与无保护性肛交关系的研究

Objective To understand the prevalence of and factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse(UAI)among men who have sex with men(MSM)in Beijing.Methods Five hundred MSM were recruited for a survey using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS)method, from September to October in 2009. A computer-assisted, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information including demographics, sexual behaviors and condom use social norms(a scaled number). Variables were evaluated by using RDSAT and SAS software.Results Mean age of the participants was 30.6 years, with 96.0% of them as Han ethnicity and68.5% having had at least high school or higher education level. 72.8% of them were unmarried, with 61.7% of them identified themselves as homosexual, 61.2% had ＞ 1 male partners in the past six months, and the prevalence of UAI was 42.0%. Significant bivariate predictors of UAI would include condom use social norms score, role for anal sex with male sex partner, number of male sexual partners in the past 6 months and amount of alcohol consumed. In multivariable analysis, UAI was associated with a higher condom use social norms score(AOR= 1.2, 95%CI: 1.1-1.3), receptive anal intercourse(AOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3-3.2)and drinking alcohol more than 3 times per month in the past 12 months(AOR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.1-2.5). Conclusion The prevalence of UAI was high in the MSM community in Beijing, suggesting that efforts should be targeting on how to make the condom use a social norm and being promoted.     

rs501120、rs17465637在中国汉族人群中与冠心病的关系

Objective To investigate the rs501120 and rs17465637 gene polymorphisms,and their relationship with the risk of coronary heart disease(CHD)in Chinese Han population.Methods 775 CHD without treatment and 775 age and gender matched controls were selected for this study,the genotypes of two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)rs501120 and rs17465637 were tested with TaqMan-MGB probes.Results There was no significant difference in the frequency of genotypes of the 2 SNPs between CHD group and control group(P ＞0.05).Stratified analysis showed that SNP rs501120 had significant protection with CHD in people younger than 60 years old(OR 0.4,95% CI 0.2-0.9,P ＜ 0.05)or people with diabetes(OR0.3,95%CI0.1-0.7,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The results suggested that rs501120 was tightly associated with CHD in people younger than 60 years or had diabetes.     

广西地区人群IL-6及IL-10单核苷酸多态性与HBV相关肝癌关联研究

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)in cytokine IL-6, IL- 10 genes and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 381 cases with HBV-related HCC, 340 HBsAg carriers and 359 non-tumor controls. Genotypes of-572 site of IL-6 gene and-819, -592 sites of IL-10 gene were determined by real-time polymorphism chain reaction. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios(ORs)and 95 confidence intervals(C/s). Results For the G/C alleles of -572 loci on IL-6 gene, there were significant differences between the three groups(P＜0.05). Compared with CC genotype, GG genotype increased the risk of HBV infection (OR=2.171,95% Ch 1.068-4.415), but did not seem to be associated with HCC. For the alleles of-819 and -592 site of IL-10 gene, there were significant differences between the three groups(P＜0.05). Compared with CC genotype, TT genotype increased the risks of both HCC(OR=2.791,95%CI:1.326-5.874), and HCC in HBsAg carriers(0R=3.522,95%CI: 1.707-7.266). When compared with CC genotype on -592 site, the AA genotype reduced the risk of both HCC(OR=0.389, 95% CI:0.173-0.875), and HCC in HBsAg carriers(OR=0.336, 95% CI: 0.154-0.734). Conclusion The SNPs in -572 site of IL-6 gone might be associated with the risk of HBV infection. The SNPs in -819 site of IL-10 gene increased the risk of HCC, but -592 site of IL-10 gene decreased the risk of HCC.     

广西地区人群IL-6及IL-10单核苷酸多态性与HBV相关肝癌关联研究

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)in cytokine IL-6, IL- 10 genes and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 381 cases with HBV-related HCC, 340 HBsAg carriers and 359 non-tumor controls. Genotypes of-572 site of IL-6 gene and-819, -592 sites of IL-10 gene were determined by real-time polymorphism chain reaction. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios(ORs)and 95 confidence intervals(C/s). Results For the G/C alleles of -572 loci on IL-6 gene, there were significant differences between the three groups(P＜0.05). Compared with CC genotype, GG genotype increased the risk of HBV infection (OR=2.171,95% Ch 1.068-4.415), but did not seem to be associated with HCC. For the alleles of-819 and -592 site of IL-10 gene, there were significant differences between the three groups(P＜0.05). Compared with CC genotype, TT genotype increased the risks of both HCC(OR=2.791,95%CI:1.326-5.874), and HCC in HBsAg carriers(0R=3.522,95%CI: 1.707-7.266). When compared with CC genotype on -592 site, the AA genotype reduced the risk of both HCC(OR=0.389, 95% CI:0.173-0.875), and HCC in HBsAg carriers(OR=0.336, 95% CI: 0.154-0.734). Conclusion The SNPs in -572 site of IL-6 gone might be associated with the risk of HBV infection. The SNPs in -819 site of IL-10 gene increased the risk of HCC, but -592 site of IL-10 gene decreased the risk of HCC.     

上消化道三种恶性肿瘤的危险因素分析

目的 探讨我国食管癌、胃癌高发区目前上消化道3种恶性肿瘤发病的危险因素.方法 选择食管癌高发区河北省磁县、涉县,河南省林县和山东省肥城,胃癌高发区辽宁省庄河,每个地区分别从肿瘤登记数据库中选择发病日期为2009年1月1日以后的新诊断病例,利用随机数字表法选取食管下段癌、贲门癌、其他部位胃癌病例,共收集751例;按照病例与对照1∶3配对选取对照人群2253名.采用课题设计的调查表收集研究对象相关资料,并对相关变量进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析,估计各危险因素的OR值(95%CI).结果 饮食不规律、经常食用油炸食品、有消化道病史及胃食管反流性疾病史者病例组分别有66、83、369、282例,而对照组分别为90、214、119、432名.单因素分析显示,以上因素可增加上消化道肿瘤发病风险[OR值(95%CI)分别为3.177(2.127～4.745)、3.190(2.061～4.927)、14.660(11.342～18.948)、3.137(2.546～3.864)];而常吃新鲜蔬菜者病例组中有387例,对照组有1278名,此因素可降低上消化道肿瘤发病风险(OR=0.609;95%CI:0.473～0.785).多因素分析显示,消化道病史(OR=21.420;95%CI:15.484～29.632)、饮食不规律(OR=3.097;95%CI:1.740～5.514)、经常食用腌晒食品(OR=3.005;95%CI:1.873～4.819)、胃食管反流性疾病史(OR=2.261;95%CI:1.673～3.057)等是上消化道肿瘤的危险因素;每天食用新鲜蔬菜(OR=0.562;95%CI:0.396～0.800)是上消化道肿瘤的保护因素.结论 不良生活方式和不健康饮食习惯是我国食管癌、胃癌高发区居民上消化道恶性肿瘤的危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the major risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancer in high occurrence areas of esophageal and gastric cancer in China. Methods Four high occurrence areas of esophageal cancer, namely Cixian and Shexian from Hebei province, Linxian from Henan province, Feicheng from Shandong province, and Zhuanghe from Liaoning province, which is a high occurrence area of gastric cancer,were selected for the study. The newly-diagnosed cases whose date of onset were after January 1st,2009 were selected from the Cancer Registration Database in each district, and 751 cases diagnosed as cancers in lower segment of esophagus, cardiac and other subsite of stomach were randomly recruited. 2253 matched controls were selected to pair the cases at the ratio of 3: 1. The relative information of the study objects were collected from the face-to-face interviews with trained staff by designed questionnaires, and the data was input by EpiData software. Statistic software SPSS 13.0 was applied to conduct both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate odd ratios (OR) and 95% confident interval (CI).Results As univariate analysis shown,66 objects in case group had irregular diet habit; while 90 in control group had ( OR= 3. 177;95% CI: 2. 127 - 4.745). A higher percentage in case group (83 objects)preferred fried food in comparison with only 214 in control group did (OR= 3. 190; 95% CI: 2.061 -4. 927). 369 objects in case group, but only 119 in control group had history of gastrointestinal diseases ( OR = 14. 660; 95% CI: 11. 342 - 18. 948 ). 282 objects in case group had history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ,which was much higher than the percentage in control group (432 objects),with OR =3. 137 (95% CI: 2. 546 -3. 864). All the above factors could increase the risk for upper gastrointestinal cancer. 387 objects in case group and 1278 in control group reported they preferred fresh vegetables in daily diet,which was found to be a protective factor ( OR = 0. 609; 95% CI: 0. 473 - 0. 785 ). As multivariate analysis shown, history of gastrointestinal tract diseases ( OR = 21. 420; 95% CI: 15.484 - 29. 632 ),irregular food diet (OR=3.097; 95%CI: 1.740-5.514),pickled food (OR=3.005; 95%CI: 1.873 -4. 819) ,and GERD ( OR = 2. 261; 95% CI: 1. 673 - 3.057 ) were found to be risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancer; while frequent fresh-vegetable diet was a protective factor (OR = 0. 562; 95% CI:0. 396 -0. 800). Conclusion Irregular lifestyle and unhealthy diet habit could be the major risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancers among the residents from high occurrence areas of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer in China.     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态和叶酸摄取与乳腺癌的发病风险

Objective To evaluate the relationship between dietary folate intake and genetic polymorphisms of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with reference to breast cancer risk. Methods A case-control study was conducted with 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu province of China. MTHFR C677T and AI298C genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Dietary folate intake was assessed by using an 83-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated with an unconditional logistic model. Results The frequencies of MTHFR C677T C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes were 32. 37% (202/624), 48. 88% (3051624) and 18. 75% (117/624) in cases and 37. 66% (235/624), 48.24% (301/624) and 14. 10% (88/624) in controls,respectively. The difference in distribution was significant (X2=6. 616, P=0. 037), the T/T genotype being associated with an elevated OR for breast cancer (1.62, 95% CI: 1.14 -2. 30). The frequencies of MTHFR A1298C A/A,A/C and C/C were 71.47% (446/624), 27.08% (169/624) and 1.44% (9/624) in cases and 68. 11% (425/624) ,30. 13% (188/624) and 1.76% (11/624) in controls, with no significant differences found (X2=1.716, P=0. 424). Folate intake of cases [(263.00±137. 38)μg/d]was significantly lower than that of controls [(285. 12±149. 61)μg/d](t=-2. 830,P=0. 005). Compared with the lowest tertile (≤199. 08μg/d) of folate intake,the adjusted OR for breast cancer in the top tertile (≥315.μg/d) was 0. 70 (95% CI:0. 53 -0. 92). Among individuals with the MTHFR A1298C A/A genotype,adjusted OR for breast cancer were 0. 89 (95% CI: 0. 62 -1.27)and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.20 -2. 36) for the second to the third tertite of folato intake compared with thehighest folate intake group (Xtrend2=11. 372, P=0. 001). Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms, and dietary intake of folate may modify susceptibility to breast cancer.     

Determinants of emergency contraceptive pill use in Bangladesh: An analysis of national survey data

Objective:To examine the determinants of emergency contraceptive pill use in Bangladesh.Methods:Data for this cross-sectional study came from 2017-2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey.Characteristics of 906 reproductive age women who were potential candidates for using emergency contraceptive pill were analysed in this study.Data were analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.Stepwise binary logistic regression was employed as multivariate analysis.Results:Only 10.9%candidates were found to ever use emergency contraceptive pill.The odds of using emergency contraceptive pill for women visited by family planning field worker was significantly higher than that for those who were not visited by family planning field worker[odds ratio(OR)1.94;95%confidence interval(CI)1.19–3.17;P=0.008],while the odds of using emergency contraceptive pill for women with high socioeconomic status was higher than that for those with low socioeconomic status(OR 3.10;95%CI 1.61–5.97;P=0.001).Additionally,having some media access was linked to an increase in the odds of using emergency contraceptive pill(OR 3.01;95%CI 1.33–6.83;P=0.008).Women empowerment related factors did not show any significant effect on emergency contraceptive pill use.Conclusions:The findings indicate that family planning programme has a great opportunity of playing an important role in increasing emergency contraceptive pill use in Bangladesh by increasing the knowledge and awareness of women about emergency contraceptive pill.     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态和叶酸摄取与乳腺癌的发病风险

Objective To evaluate the relationship between dietary folate intake and genetic polymorphisms of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with reference to breast cancer risk. Methods A case-control study was conducted with 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu province of China. MTHFR C677T and AI298C genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Dietary folate intake was assessed by using an 83-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated with an unconditional logistic model. Results The frequencies of MTHFR C677T C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes were 32. 37% (202/624), 48. 88% (3051624) and 18. 75% (117/624) in cases and 37. 66% (235/624), 48.24% (301/624) and 14. 10% (88/624) in controls,respectively. The difference in distribution was significant (X2=6. 616, P=0. 037), the T/T genotype being associated with an elevated OR for breast cancer (1.62, 95% CI: 1.14 -2. 30). The frequencies of MTHFR A1298C A/A,A/C and C/C were 71.47% (446/624), 27.08% (169/624) and 1.44% (9/624) in cases and 68. 11% (425/624) ,30. 13% (188/624) and 1.76% (11/624) in controls, with no significant differences found (X2=1.716, P=0. 424). Folate intake of cases [(263.00±137. 38)μg/d]was significantly lower than that of controls [(285. 12±149. 61)μg/d](t=-2. 830,P=0. 005). Compared with the lowest tertile (≤199. 08μg/d) of folate intake,the adjusted OR for breast cancer in the top tertile (≥315.μg/d) was 0. 70 (95% CI:0. 53 -0. 92). Among individuals with the MTHFR A1298C A/A genotype,adjusted OR for breast cancer were 0. 89 (95% CI: 0. 62 -1.27)and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.20 -2. 36) for the second to the third tertite of folato intake compared with thehighest folate intake group (Xtrend2=11. 372, P=0. 001). Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms, and dietary intake of folate may modify susceptibility to breast cancer.     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态和叶酸摄取与乳腺癌的发病风险

Objective To evaluate the relationship between dietary folate intake and genetic polymorphisms of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with reference to breast cancer risk. Methods A case-control study was conducted with 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu province of China. MTHFR C677T and AI298C genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Dietary folate intake was assessed by using an 83-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated with an unconditional logistic model. Results The frequencies of MTHFR C677T C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes were 32. 37% (202/624), 48. 88% (3051624) and 18. 75% (117/624) in cases and 37. 66% (235/624), 48.24% (301/624) and 14. 10% (88/624) in controls,respectively. The difference in distribution was significant (X2=6. 616, P=0. 037), the T/T genotype being associated with an elevated OR for breast cancer (1.62, 95% CI: 1.14 -2. 30). The frequencies of MTHFR A1298C A/A,A/C and C/C were 71.47% (446/624), 27.08% (169/624) and 1.44% (9/624) in cases and 68. 11% (425/624) ,30. 13% (188/624) and 1.76% (11/624) in controls, with no significant differences found (X2=1.716, P=0. 424). Folate intake of cases [(263.00±137. 38)μg/d]was significantly lower than that of controls [(285. 12±149. 61)μg/d](t=-2. 830,P=0. 005). Compared with the lowest tertile (≤199. 08μg/d) of folate intake,the adjusted OR for breast cancer in the top tertile (≥315.μg/d) was 0. 70 (95% CI:0. 53 -0. 92). Among individuals with the MTHFR A1298C A/A genotype,adjusted OR for breast cancer were 0. 89 (95% CI: 0. 62 -1.27)and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.20 -2. 36) for the second to the third tertite of folato intake compared with thehighest folate intake group (Xtrend2=11. 372, P=0. 001). Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms, and dietary intake of folate may modify susceptibility to breast cancer.     

Smoking and other risk factors for lung cancer in Xuanwei, China

In Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, lung cancer mortality rates are among the highest in China in both males and females. Previous studies have shown a strong association of lung cancer mortality with indoor air pollution from 'smoky' coal combustion. In the present case-control study, 110 newly-diagnosed lung cancer patients and 426 controls were matched with respect to age, sex, occupation (all subjects were farmers), and village of residence (which provided matching with respect to fuel use). This design allowed assessment of known and suspected lung cancer risk factors other than those mentioned above. Data from males and females were analysed by conditional logistic regression. In females who do not smoke, the presence of lung cancer was statistically significantly associated with chronic bronchitis (odds ratio [OR] = 7.37, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 2.40-22.66) and family history of lung cancer (OR 4.18, 95% Cl: 1.61-10.85). Females' results also suggested an association of lung cancer with duration of cooking food (OR 1.00, 9.18 and 14.70), but not with passive smoking (OR 0.77, 95% Cl: 0.30-1.96). In males, lung cancer was significantly associated with chronic bronchitis (OR 7.32, 95% Cl: 2.66-20.18), family history of lung cancer (OR 3.79, 95% Cl: 1.70-8.42), and personal history of cooking food (OR 3.36, 95% Cl: 1.27-8.88). In males a dose-response relationship of lung cancer with smoking index (years of smoking*amount of smoking) was shown by risks of 1.00, 2.61, 2.17 and 4.70.     

2018年辽宁省农村40岁及以上居民糖尿病患病率及其相关危险因素分析*

目的 探讨辽宁省农村地区糖尿病患病率及其相关影响因素,为糖尿病的预防提供理论依据。方法 采用横断面调查方法对辽宁省4个农村县的10926例≥40岁的常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查,分析糖尿病患病率及其危险因素。结果 辽宁省农村40岁及以上人群糖尿病粗患病率为16.18%,男性和女性分别为15.26%和16.80%,标化患病率为13.72%,男性和女性分别为14.21%和13.75%;糖尿病患病率随年龄增加而升高（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=123.473,P＜0.001）。年龄增加、缺乏运动（OR:1.39,95%CI:1.21~1.60）、糖尿病家族史（OR:2.97,95%CI:2.60~3.39）、高血压（OR:1.62,95%CI:1.43~1.84）、高胆固醇（OR:1.41,95%CI:1.23~1.62）、高甘油三酯（OR:1.91,95%CI:1.68~2.17）、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（OR:1.74,95%CI:1.42~2.12）、超重/肥胖（OR:1.80,95%CI:1.59~2.03）为糖尿病的主要危险因素。结论 辽宁省农村地区糖尿病患病率高,亟待针对主要患病危险因素开展综合防控。     

Household smoking and respiratory disease in under-five children

Environmental tobacco smoke is an important respiratory tract irritant in young children. To identify factors associated with respiratory disease and determine the main source of smoking exposure in the household, a cross-sectional study of 2,037 children who were immunized in primary health care clinics was conducted (in a sample of 10 out of 38 clinics with 200 children each). Parents answered a questionnaire about children's birth, passive smoking, former and current respiratory morbidity, socio-demographic characteristics, and living conditions. Analysis was based on hierarchical logistic regression. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms was 59.9% for children who live with smokers. Asthma and bronchitis showed the strongest association with smoking. In multivariate logistic regression, the following variables remained associated with asthma/bronchitis: socioeconomic status (OR = 2.93; 95%CI: 1.57-5.45), maternal schooling (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.08-1.98)] and occupation (OR = 1.68; 95%CI: 1.04-2.74), neighborhood (OR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.06-2.02), child's age (OR = 3.38; 95%CI: 2.31-4.95) and sex (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.09-1.94), breastfeeding (OR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.15-2.40), and household smoking (OR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.18-2.11). Children with lower socioeconomic status and exposed to household smoking showed increased risk of respiratory disease.     

我国东、中、西三省六县农村居民体力活动状况及影响因素分析

目的 调查中国农村居民的体力活动状况及其影响因素。方法 采用国际体力活动短问卷对分别代表中国东、中、西部的山东省、山西省和云南省3个省一共6个县的3 834名15岁以上农村居民的体力活动状况进行调查。结果 调查获得有效问卷3 780份，其中山东省1 251人（33.1%），山西省1 256人（33.2%），云南省1 273人（33.7%）。男性1 867人（49.4%），女性1 913人（50.6%）。农村居民高、中、低水平体力活动人数分别为1 691人（44.7%）、1 248人（33%）、841人（22.3%）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，性别、年龄、职业、是否患慢性病以及地区是体力活动的影响因素。其中，男性（OR = 0.832,95%CI: 0.704～0.985）、年龄36～59岁的人群（OR = 0.760,95%CI: 0.625～0.925）为农村居民体力活动的保护因素；机关、企事业单位及离退休人员（OR = 1.469,95%CI: 1.017～2.124）、在校学生（OR = 1.925,95%CI: 1.127～3.286）、失业、无业人员（OR = 3.062,95%CI: 2.470～3.796）、患慢性病的人群(OR = 1.366,95%CI:1.133～1.645)为农村居民体力活动不足的危险因素。结论 女性、老年人、机关、企事业单位及离退休人员、在校学生、失业、无业人员、患慢性病的人群发生体力活动不足的可能性更高，针对中国不同地区农村居民体力活动的干预，应重点关注此类人群。     

童年期性虐待与大学生性取向的相关性

  目的  探讨童年期性虐待与大学生性取向之间的关联及其性别差异,为中国青少年童年期性虐待和性取向研究提供基础数据。  方法  采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,抽取合肥市4所大学4 034名学生作为研究对象进行问卷调查,调查人口统计学特征、童年期性虐待经历以及性取向。采用Logistic回归模型分析不同类型和不同时期的性虐待经历与大学生性取向之间的关联及性别差异。  结果  大学生异性向、同性向、双性向、无性向的报告率分别为93.2%,0.7%,3.7%,2.4%。男生发生在小学或更早时期的仅接触性虐待(OR=14.70, 95%CI=5.73~37.72)、同时经历非接触和接触性虐待(OR=4.33, 95%CI=1.91~9.84)与性取向有关;发生在中学时期的仅非接触性虐待(OR=4.20, 95%CI=2.21~7.98),同时经历非接触和接触性虐待(OR=3.57, 95%CI=1.65~7.70)与性取向有关。女生发生在小学或更早时期的仅非接触性虐待(OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.02~3.13)、同时经历非接触和接触性虐待(OR=3.13, 95%CI=1.35~7.23)与性取向存在关联。  结论  童年期性虐待经历与大学生性取向存在关联,且存在性别差异,在男生中的关联性相对更强。     

Prevalence of asthma by industry in the US population: a study of 2001 NHIS data

BACKGROUND: The estimated number of US workers potentially exposed to asthmagens ranges from 8 to 20 million. This study was undertaken to estimate the US prevalence of asthma in adults by industry of employment and to identify industries with elevated risk of asthma. METHODS: Prevalence analysis was performed on 20,991 adults, 18 years of age and older who participated in the 2001 National Health Interview survey. We used SUDAAN software to estimate the prevalence of self-reported physician diagnosed asthma by industry, and odds ratios (ORs) for asthma and industry adjusted for age, sex, race, and smoking status. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of physician diagnosed asthma was 6.5% (95% CI 6.1-6.9); 4.7% (95% CI 4.1-5.3) for males and 8.5% (95% CI 7.9-9.1) for females. In whites, the prevalence and ORs were significantly elevated for printing, publishing, and allied industries (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-5.0) and health care (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.7). In blacks, ORs were elevated for furniture, lumber, and wood (OR = 5.9, 95% CI 1.4-25.4) and entertainment and recreation industries (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.1-15.9). Other industries with elevated ORs included automobile dealers and gasoline station; durable goods; elementary, secondary schools, and colleges; other personal services; eating and drinking places; entertainment and recreation services; and utility and sanitary. CONCLUSIONS: Industries with elevated prevalence of asthma are identified. This information helps to target workplaces where detailed investigations for prevention and control may be appropriate.     

脑卒中高危人群颈动脉超声异常检出率 及其影响因素分析

摘要:目的　研究宁波市江东区脑卒中高危人群颈动脉超声检查情况并探索其影响因素。方法　2013年5-7月在宁波市江东区按照统一标准筛查出脑卒中高危者610例,根据问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检查及颈部血管彩色超声检查结果等进行分析。结果　610例高危人群中检出颈动脉彩超检查异常253例（检出率为41.48%）,其颈动脉中内膜增厚99例（检出率为16.23%）,颈动脉斑块190例（检出率为31.15%）,颈动脉狭窄139例（检出率为22.79%）。颈动脉异常检出率随年龄增长升高,吸烟者检出率也升高。多因素分析发现高龄、教育程度高、饮酒、脑卒中或短暂脑缺血发作史、血糖和LDL-C是危险因素,体育锻炼和HDL-C为保护因素。血糖作为危险因素主要存在男性中（OR＝1.31,95%CI:1.11～1.55）,在女性中无影响（OR＝1.00,95%CI:0.79～1.27）;HDL-C作为保护因素主要存在女性中（OR＝0.13,95%CI:0.05～0.35）,在男性中无影响（OR＝1.15,95%CI:0.39～3.37）。结论　脑卒中高危人群颈动脉超声检查异常检出率较高,高龄、教育程度高、饮酒、脑卒中或短暂脑缺血发作史、血糖和LDL-C是危险因素,体育锻炼和HDL-C为保护因素。     

Factors associated with dentists' willingness to treat HIV/AIDS patients in the National Health System in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

A cross-sectional study was conducted among dentists in the Unified National Health System (SUS) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, to identify factors associated with their willingness to treat HIV/AIDS patients. Questionnaires were distributed at the participant's workplace. Some 140 out of 345 selected dentists (41.0%) participated. Prevalence of willingness to treat was 55.0%. Results adjusted by multiple logistic regression showed that willingness to treat was significantly associated with a realistic perception of occupational risk (OR = 4.8; 95%CI: 1.32-18.04), knowledge of the exposure protocol (OR = 4.5; 95%CI: 1.61-13.07), positive attitudes towards dealing with the epidemic (OR = 3.2; 95%CI: 1.37-7.45), previous professional experience with HIV/AIDS patients (OR = 3.0; 95%CI: 1.30-7.19), and opposition to compulsory testing of patients for HIV (OR = 2.3; 95%CI: 0.96-5.40). Dentists with prior accidental exposure to potentially contaminated material showed less willingness to treat (OR = 0.4; 95%CI: 0.15-0.85). Fear of contamination was the main source of anxiety for health workers dealing with HIV/ AIDS patients.     

Prevalence of sexual intercourse among school-going adolescents in Coast Province, Kenya

A study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of sexual intercourse among school adolescents in Coast Province, Kenya. Data were obtained through the Kenya Global School-Based Health Survey. Overall the prevalence of sexual intercourse within the last 12 months was 14.9% (22.2% in males and 5.0% in females). Among males, the protective factors against having sex were being of age < 15 years (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.58, 0.62) and ever been drunk (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.59, 0.67). The risk factors for having sex among males were ever smoked (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.92, 2.19), having close friends (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.56, 1.81), currently drinking alcohol (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06, 1.20), ever used drugs (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 2.24, 2.49) and parental supervision (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.25, 1.34). Meanwhile among female respondents, parental supervision was protective (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.81, 0.94) and the only risk factor was ever used drugs (OR = 2.85, 95% CI 2.57, 3.15). It is suggested that public health interventions aimed to promote adolescent sexual health should be designed with the appreciation of the factors associated with sexual activity in due consideration.     

What are the determinants of food insecurity in New Zealand and does this differ for males and females?

Aims: Food insecurity is a lack of assured access to sufficient nutritious food. We aimed to investigate the demographic and socio‐economic determinants of food insecurity in New Zealand and whether these determinants vary between males and females. Methods: We used data from the longitudinal Survey of Families, Income and Employment (SoFIE) (n=18,950). Respondents were classified as food insecure if, in the past 12 months, they had to use special food grants or food banks, been forced to buy cheaper food to pay for other things, or had to go without fresh fruit and vegetables often. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of demographic and socio‐economic factors on food insecurity. Models were repeated stratifying by males and females. Results: More than 15% of the SoFIE population in NZ were food insecure in 2004/05. The prevalence of food insecurity was much greater in females (19%) than males (12%). The adjusted odds of food insecurity was significantly higher in females compared to males (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.5–1.8). In univariate analyses, food insecurity was associated with sole parenthood, unmarried status, younger age groups, Māori and Pacific ethnicity, worse self‐rated health status, renting, being unemployed and lower socioeconomic status. Income was the strongest predictor of food insecurity in multivariate modelling (OR 4.9, 95%CI 4.0–5.9 for lowest household income quintile versus highest). The associations of demographic and socioeconomic factors with food insecurity were similar in males and females. Conclusions: Food insecurity is a timely and relevant issue, as it affects a significant number of New Zealanders. Targeted policy interventions aimed at increasing money available in households are needed.