复方蚂蚁酒的补虚作用研究

目的探讨复方蚂蚁酒的补虚作用。方法用复方蚂蚁酒给老年小鼠灌胃,观察小鼠免疫器官和附性器官重量,测定其外周血白细胞数（WBC）、血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）含量。并观察复方蚂蚁酒对小鼠游泳时间和耐缺氧的影响。结果复方蚂蚁酒能使老年小鼠已退化的胸腺和睾丸重量增加,提高老年小鼠WBC数和SOD水平,降低其MDA含量,延长小鼠游泳时间和耐缺氧时间。结论复方蚂蚁酒对小鼠有一定的补虚和清除氧自由基作用。     

StAR蛋白表达及线粒体超微结构改变在锰抑制雄性大鼠睾酮合成中的作用

目的 研究锰对雄性大鼠睾酮合成的影响及其可能机制。方法 雄性成年SD大鼠 用MnCl₂ 7.5, 15和30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 ip 40 d，用放射免疫测定法测定血清睾酮含量，电镜观察大鼠睾丸间质Leydig细胞超微结构改变及应用Western印迹法测定甾类激素合成急性调节蛋白（StAR）在分离的大鼠睾丸间质Leydig细胞线粒体中的水平, 并测定了睾丸和附睾的脏器系数。结果 与正常对照组相比，MnCl₂染毒组雄性SD大鼠血清睾酮含量、StAR蛋白表达均明显下降,大鼠睾丸间质Leydig细胞胞内线粒体变形、肿胀、空泡化。30 mg·kg^-1组大鼠睾丸脏器系数也明显下降。结论 MnCl₂可以降低雄性大鼠的睾酮合成，其机制与睾丸间质Leydig细胞StAR蛋白表达的下降有关，锰所致线粒体功能的损害也可能是StAR蛋白表达下降的原因之一。     

鹿茸益肾胶囊治疗肾阳虚证阳痿的药效学研究

目的：研究鹿茸益肾胶囊治疗肾阳虚证阳痿的药效学机制。方法：观察鹿茸益肾胶囊对去势雄性大鼠阴茎勃起潜伏期的影响,对去势雄性大鼠附性器官和垂体、肾上腺、胸腺、脾脏质量系数的影响,对去势雄性大鼠性腺内分泌激素血清含量的影响,对氢化可的松致阳虚模型小鼠的影响。结果：鹿茸益肾胶囊能够提高去势雄性大鼠阴茎对刺激的兴奋性,显著缩短勃起潜伏期,提高去势雄性大鼠附性器官的质量系数;提高去势雄性大鼠垂体、肾上腺质量系数;降低去势雄性大鼠胸腺、脾脏质量系数;显著升高大鼠血清睾酮（T）、皮质醇（F）含量、显著降低血清促黄体生成素（LH）、促卵泡刺激素（FSH）含量;显著改善阳虚小鼠的阳虚症状,增强生命力。结论：鹿茸益肾胶囊具有温阳益肾的作用,可用于治疗肾阳虚证阳痿、性功能减退。     

桂皮醛治疗CVB3诱发的小鼠病毒性心肌炎研究

目的 探讨桂皮醛（CA）对柯萨奇病毒B3（CVB3）诱发的小鼠病毒性心肌炎（VMC）作用及其机制。方法 除正常对照组外,其他小鼠经腹腔注射CVB3m0.1 mL建立病毒性心肌炎BALB/c小鼠模型。于接种病毒72 h后,CA不同剂量治疗组分别灌胃给予CA22.5,28.1,37.5 mg•kg^-1,RA组腹腔注射黄芪注射液50 mg•kg^-1,模型组与正常对照组灌胃给予0.9%氯化钠溶液2 500 mg•kg^-1,连续给药21 d。观察接种病毒后第7天心肌组织病理学变化,测定血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK MB）含量;测定接种病毒后第14天血清一氧化氮（NO）含量,第14天心肌诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）以及核因子κB（NF κB）表达,行心肌组织光镜病理检查与评分;第21天行心肌组织光镜病理检查。计算小鼠累积死亡率和中位生存时间。结果与模型组比较, CA28.1,37.5 mg•kg^-1治疗组小鼠死亡率显著降低（均P＜0.01）,中位生存时间延长,感染第7天心肌病毒滴度降低,血清CK、CK MB、LDH释放减少（均P＜0.05）。血清NO含量明显降低（P＜0.01）,感染第14天心肌iNOS、NF κB表达（P＜0.05）与病理评分均明显改善。结论CA有治疗CVB3m诱发的小鼠病毒性心肌炎作用,其作用机制可能与抑制NF κB与iNOS表达相关。     

苦参总黄酮对热应激导致的小鼠生殖功能障碍的治疗作用及机制

目的 研究苦参总黄酮对阴囊局部热应激引起雄性小鼠睾丸组织损伤的修复作用及机制。方法 使用TCMSP数据库对苦参中黄酮类化合物的靶点进行筛选,对靶点进行生信分析。使用阴囊热应激小鼠模型,使用苦参黄酮进行干预。检测各组小鼠的精子密度、精子畸变率,观察睾丸组织形态改变。q-PCR和Western blotting检测睾丸肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）和白细胞介素17（interleukin 17,IL-17）的mRNA以及蛋白水平。组织匀浆检测Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶、Mg²⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-ATP酶、乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）、山梨醇脱氢酶（sorbitol dehydrogenase,SDH）活性,丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、NO、TNF-α的水平及血清中睾酮含量。结果 热应激可以导致小鼠精子的密度减少、畸变的精子增加,睾丸生精上皮明显变薄,细胞层次和数量下降,ATP酶、LDH、SDH的活性显著降低,增加睾丸组织MDA、NO的含量及TNF-α和IL-17的表达。使用250,500 mg·kg^-1·d^-1苦参黄酮干预后,精子质量及睾丸组织形态损伤得到改善,血清和睾丸组织中TNF-α和IL-17的水平降低,ATP酶、SDH活性增高,睾酮水平增高。结论 苦参总黄酮的作用机制是通过抑制炎症因子TNF-α和IL-17的水平,提高抗脂质过氧化能力及抑制NO的作用,增强精子发生的能量酶的活性、提高血清睾酮水平,改善热应激导致的生殖障碍。     

白藜芦醇影响一氧化氮途径对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究白藜芦醇(resveratrol,Res)对酒精性肝损伤后肝组织氧化反应和炎性反应的影响及与一氧化氮(NO)、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)通路的关系。方法 大鼠灌胃给予55度红星二锅头复制肝损伤模型。大鼠随机分为正常对照组、肝损伤模型对照组、Res低剂量组(25 mg·kg^-1)、Res中剂量组(50 mg·kg^-1)、Res高剂量组(100 mg·kg^-1 ),每日2次,连续7 d。采用试剂盒测定肝脏组织乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、活性氧(ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、NO、iNOS和血清IL-10、IFN-γ水平。Western blot测定iNOS表达,RT-PCR测定iNOS mRNA表达。结果 与正常对照组相比,酒精性肝损伤模型组肝组织LDH、ROS、NO浓度显著升高(P<0.01)、GSH显著下降(P<0.01),血清IFN-γ水平显著升高、IL-10显著降低(P<0.01),肝组织iNOS和iNOS mRNA表达增加(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,Res显著降低肝脏组织ROS、LDH、NO浓度(P<0.01),降低血清IFN-γ水平和升高血清IL-10与肝脏组织GSH含量(P<0.01),减少iNOS和iNOS mRNA表达(P<0.01)。结论 Res可能通过NO通路,消除氧化性应激状态,改变炎性因子水平,对酒精性肝损伤发挥防治作用。     

褪黑素对结肠炎大鼠结肠内一氧化氮合酶和环氧合酶-2含量的影响

目的 研究褪黑素对大鼠结肠炎的抗炎作用是否与诱生性一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和环氧合酶-2(COX-2)有关。方法 制备大鼠乙酸性结肠炎和2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)结肠炎模型。实验设正常对照组，模型对照组，5-氨基水杨酸对照组（100 mg·kg^-1），褪黑素组（2.5，5.0，10.0 mg·kg^-1），每天灌肠给药一次（乙酸模型给7 d, TNBS模型给21 d）。检测大鼠结肠一氧化氮(NO)，前列腺素（PG）E₂，iNOS和COX-2含量。结果 模型组大鼠结肠粘膜损伤明显，NO，PGE₂，iNOS和COX-2含量显著增加。褪黑素可减轻大鼠结肠损伤，明显抑制NO，PGE₂合成并减少iNOS，COX-2含量。结论 大鼠结肠经TNBS和乙酸致炎后iNOS，COX-2，NO及PGE₂合成增强，褪黑素通过抑制iNOS和COX 2表达减轻结肠损伤。     

抗抑郁剂吗氯贝胺的行为效应

加强5-羟色氨酸及β-苯乙胺致小鼠刻板行为实验表明, ig吗氯贝胺(Moc)对单胺氧化酶(MAO)- A 的选择性抑制作用 (ED₅₀=0.33 mg·kg^-1, 2 h) 较MAO-B (ED₅₀=12.7 mg·kg^-1, 2 h) 强约39倍. 24 h内ip Moc 300 mg·kg^-1有一定镇静作用. 对运动系统无明显影响，不引起记忆及定向障碍. Moc 600 mg·kg^-1不能对抗氧化震颤素引起的小鼠震颤和分泌增加. Moc的LD₅₀为小鼠: 1.3-1.5 g·kg^-1 ig; 198-199 mg·kg^-1 iv; 大鼠: 541-562 mg·kg^-1 ip. Moc 剂量依赖地对抗利血平引起的小鼠和大鼠睑下垂, 活动减少和体温降低；使慢性应激刺激引起的小鼠活动性增高及穿箱逃避电击反应失败率增高得到恢复，提示其抗抑郁作用.     

参杞强精胶囊对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响简

目的 观察参杞强精胶囊对环磷酰胺免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法 60只实验小鼠随机分为6组,正常组,模型组,参杞强精胶囊高、中、低剂量组(给予参杞强精1.0,0.5,0.25 g.kg^-1)和阳性对照组(给予左旋咪唑0.05 g.kg^-1),除空白组外,其他组皮下注射环磷酰胺(50 mg.kg^-1)建立免疫抑制小鼠模型.各组连续给药10 d后,检测小鼠外周白细胞数、免疫器官脏器指数、碳粒廓清能力、淋巴细胞转化率、血清溶血素含量.结果 参杞强精胶囊各剂量组小鼠的外周白细胞数量、碳粒廓清能力、淋巴细胞转化率、血清溶血素含量均明显提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),与模型组比较差异有统计学意义;高剂量参杞强精胶囊明显提高胸腺和脾脏指数(P<0.05).结论 参杞强精胶囊对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能有正调节作用.     

褪黑激素对小鼠脑细胞膜流动性及丙二醛含量的影响

以荧光染料DPH负载脑皮层突触体或细胞, 用MPF-4荧光分光光度计检测膜流动性; TBA比色法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察褪黑激素(MT)对小鼠脑细胞膜流动性和MDA含量的影响. 结果显示MT(1或20 mg·L^-1饮水中口服3个月,最后1个月再ip MT 0.5或2.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)能够提高老年小鼠脑细胞膜的流动性,MT 0.01-1.0 μmol·L^-1拮抗氧化剂诱发的分离新生小鼠脑细胞膜流动性下降及部分拮抗其MDA含量增加. 结果说明,作为一种体内抗氧化激素, MT提高脑细胞膜流动性,降低脑细胞内MDA含量, 从而对神经元有保护作用,是其重要的抗衰老机理之一.     

复方蚂蚁酒对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨复方蚂蚁酒对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法观察复方蚂蚁酒对老年小鼠的免疫器官重量及外周血白细胞数和正常小鼠的碳粒廓清作用及迟发型超敏反应的影响。结果复方蚂蚁酒能使老年小鼠已退化的胸腺重量和白细胞数明显增加,使正常小鼠的碳粒廓清吞噬指数和吞噬系数显著提高,对二硝基氟苯诱导的小鼠迟发型超敏反应有明显抑制作用。结论方蚂蚁酒对免疫机能低下和正常小鼠的免疫功能有增强作用,对T细胞介导的迟发型超敏反应有抑制作用。     

Effects of repeated morphine administration on copulation and on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of male rats.

Adult male rats were administered morphine twice a day for 45 days and the effects of morphine on the copulation rate, the weight of various organs, and on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis were examined. Morphine administered rats showed a loss of weight, hypertrophy of the adrenals, decreased weight of accessory sex organs, low sperm count, and decreased copulation rate. The contents of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the hypothalamus and the luteinizing hormone in the pituitary remained unchanged. Serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels decreased, but serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels increased. These results suggest that morphine inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and causes a diminution in the number of fertilizations of the partner females.     

三子强肾混悬颗粒补肾壮阳及抗疲劳作用的研究

目的：考察三子强肾混悬颗粒的补肾壮阳及抗疲劳作用,为其临床用药提供实验依据。方法：通过采用大鼠交配模型和对雄性去势大鼠模型的试验,观察其对大鼠交配能力和时去势大鼠的附性器官、性激素水平的影响。采用氢化可的松致小鼠贤阳虚模型观察其抗疲劳作用。结果：三子强肾混悬颗粒组与模型对照组比较,可显著缩短去势大鼠阴茎勃起潜伏期（P〈0.01）和显著增加大鼠血清睾酮水平（P〈0.01）,可显著增加精囊腺-前列腺,提肛肌质量（P〈0.01）,三子强肾混悬颗粒高剂量组可显著提高正常雄性大鼠的交配能力（P〈0.01）。中、高剂量组均有显著增加肾阳虚小鼠体重及自主活动能力和游泳时间的作用（P〈0.01）。结论：三子强肾混悬颗粒具有较好的补肾壮阳作用及抗疲劳作用。     

Effect of pituitary homograft on accessory sex organs in young male rats

The effect of prolactin secreted from pituitary homografts under renal capsule of castrated young male rats (30 days old) either alone or in combination with testosterone propionate (TP) on accessory sex organs were studied. Fresh weights of seminal vesicle, prostate coagulating glands and preputial glands were recorded as well as the total protein content and acid phosphatase activity in prostate and seminal vesicle was determined. Prolactin secreted from grafted tissue along or in combination with TP significantly increased the weights of sex accessories but no clear synergism was evident. However, synergism between prolactin and TP was observed in stimulating protein content and acid phosphatase activity of prostate and seminal vesicle. The results indicate that prolactin can act directly and also synergistically with androgen to maintain certain aspects of the functions of accessory sex glands in male rats.     

复方双参合剂对小鼠耐缺氧和抗运动疲劳能力的影响

目的：研究复方双参合剂对小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳的作用。方法：50只小鼠随机分为空白组（生理盐水10 ml·kg~（-1））、丹参组（丹参提取物0.2 g·kg~（-1））、人参组（人参皂苷0.1 g·kg~（-1））、复方双参组（丹参提取物0.2 g·kg~（-1）＋人参皂苷0.1 g·kg~（-1））和红景天组（阳性对照,红景天提取物0.6 g·kg~（-1））,每组10只。连续灌胃给药20 d后,测定小鼠常压密闭缺氧存活时间、减压缺氧存活率和负重游泳时间,并测定小鼠运动后血清尿素氮含量、肝糖原含量、血乳酸含量和乳酸脱氢酶活性。结果：与空白组相比,复方双参组小鼠常压密闭缺氧存活时间显著延长,延长率为45.95%（P〈0.01）;小鼠运动后血清尿素氮含量及乳酸堆积显著减少（P〈0.01）,肝糖原含量及乳酸脱氢酶活性显著增加（P〈0.01）,其作用强于红景天组。减压缺氧条件下,给药组存活率较空白组显著提高（P〈0.05或0.01）。红景天组与复方双参组与其他给药组相比,小鼠负重游泳时间显著延长（P〈0.05或0.01）。结论：复方双参合剂能显著增强小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳的能力。     

Effects of cyproterone acetate on growth and feeding in rats

Cyproterone acetate (CA) inhibited ponderal and linear growth and reduced food intake in juvenile male rats, but did not affect their water intake. CA reduced weight gain in young males that were unoperated, castrated, castrated and receiving testosterone propionate injections or adrenalectomized, but CA was not effective in inhibiting the already slow rate of growth in Males that were both adrenelectomized and castrated. CA similarly failed to affect body weight in juvenile or old females, but it did inhibit weight gain following ovariectomy. In old males that were no longer gaining weight CA reduced food intake and caused a loss of body weight. Although food intake was reduced by CA treatment, pair feeding studies indicated that other factors must also be involved in the reduced rate of weight gain. CA failed to affect pituitary or plasma GH levels and treatment with bovine GH did not alter the effects of CA on ponderal or linear growth or food intake.     

Chlropyrifos-methyl shows anti-androgenic activity without estrogenic activity in rats

Chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM), an organophosphate insecticide, widely used for grain storage and agriculture, has been suspected as endocrine disrupter by a few in vitro studies. This study was performed to investigate the (anti-) estrogenicity and (anti-) androgenicity of CPM in vivo using immature rat uterotrophic assay and rat Hershberger assay. CPM with or without 17beta-estradiol were administered to 20 days old female rats to investigate its (anti-) estrogenic activity. Uterine and vaginal weight, uterine epithelial cell height were not affected by the treatment of CPM (2, 10, 50, 250 mg/kg). CPM 250 mg/kg potentiated relative vagina weight in 17beta-estradiol treated immature female rats without any changing of uterine weight. Relative liver weight was increased with decrease of body weight by CPM 250 mg/kg treatment. Uterine cell proliferation tested with bromodeoxyuridine labeling index was not observed in CPM treated rats. CPM with or without testosterone propionate were administered to castrated rat of 51 days old for 10 days to investigate the (anti-)androgenic activity,. The weight of relative and absolute androgen-dependent accessory sex organs; seminal vesicle with coagulating glands (SV/CG), ventral prostate gland (VP), glans penis (GP), levator ani plus bulbocarvernosus muscle (LABC) and Cowper's gland (CG,) were unchanged by the treatment of CPM alone. While CPM induced the increase of relative adrenal gland weight, CPM 50mg/kg decreased the weights of CV/CG, VP, CG and LABC without change of GP without changing of GP when it was treated with TP. In conclusion, CPM dose not show estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity in immature female rats, but it represents anti-androgenic activity by inhibition of the TP-stimulated increase of the weight of accessory sex organs.     

Cistanchetubulosa(Schenk)R.Wight amelioratesbisphenol A-induced testicular and sperm toxicity in rats through steroidogenesis and redox pathways

OBJECTIVE Bisphenol A(BPA)is a commonly used phenolic environmental estrogen that impacts male reproductive system.Cistanchetubulosa(CT)is a traditional Chinese medicine used to boost male sexual activity.It has been proved for increasing the expression of steroidogenic enzyme and remarkable antioxidant activity.This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms behind the possible protective effects of CT against BPA-induced testicular and sperm toxicity in rats.METHODS CT was identified by 5.8sgene sequencing.The major compositions(echinacosideand acteoside)of CT were quantified by HPLC method.CT(200or 400mg·kg-1)or VE(positive control,300mg·kg-1)and BPA(200mg·kg-1)were administered orally(one time per day)to adult male ratsfor 6weeks.The sperm parameters were observed by dark-field microscope;serum hormone levels(FSH,LH and T)were tested by radio immunosorbent;LDH-x activity,redox balance status(content of MDA,GSH,H2O2 and OH-,and activity of SOD)were evaluated using commercial kits;the expression of the key steroidogenic enzymes were evaluated by qRT-PCR,heat map,immunofluorescence and Western blotting.RESULTS The CT treatment reversed BPA-induced abnormal in sperm characteristics,testicular structure and LDH-x activity,as well as normalized serum testosterone.CT increased both mRNA and protein expressions of key steroidogenic enzymes including StAR,CYP11A1,3β-HSD,17β-HSD and CYP17A1,suggesting that CT enhanced sex hormone synthesis.Moreover,the remarkable antioxidant effect of CT contributed to its protection against BPA-induced testicular toxicity,which was evidenced by the normalization of testicular,redox markers(MDA,H2O2,OH-and GSH contents,and SOD activity)after CT treatment.CONCLUSION CT effectively attenuated BPA-induced poor sperm quality and testicular toxicity in rats through steroidogenesis and redox pathways.