CT三维重建在肺小结节行胸腔镜肺段切除术中的应用

目的:探讨术前使用CT三维成像技术重建肺支气管、肺动静脉、肺小结节在胸腔镜肺段切除术中的作用。方法:对2018年7月至2019年4月我院的40例拟行肺段切除的患者术前行CT增强扫描,然后三维重建出肺小结节、肺动静脉、支气管。通过三维重建图像进行多角度、多方位观察结节与支气管、肺动静脉的空间立体关系,进而模拟肺段切除方式,标定靶血管、靶支气管,术中按照重建图像进行精准肺段切除。结果:术前根据CT三维重建图像准确定位40例(100%),靶血管清晰显示38例(95%)、靶段支气管清晰显示37例(92.5%)。根据术前标注的靶血管、靶段支气管共施行右上肺分段切除17例,左上肺分段切除10例,双侧基底段分段切除4例,双侧背段分段切除9例。平均术中出血(67.25±51.39) ml,发生并发症5例,无死亡病例。结论:CT三维重建肺血管、支气管图像有助于肺小结节进行术前定位,可以清楚显示靶段支气管、靶血管,有助于外科进行胸腔镜肺段切除术。     

胸腔镜手术后脾包膜下破裂1例报告

1　病例资料患者　男 ,2 4岁。因左胸隐痛 2月 ,Ｘ线胸片检查为“左下肺背段结核球”入院。入院后在全麻下行电视胸腔镜辅助左下肺结核球病灶切除。胸腔镜戳孔位于左腋中线 8肋间、腋前线 6肋间、腋后线 7肋间。切除病灶后 6肋间戳孔延长至 5ｃｍ ,在直视下缝合肺残面。患者术后情况好 ,血压、脉搏正常。1周后感左上腹胀痛不适 ,体检左上腹有轻压痛 ,血压、脉搏及血常规检查正常 ,对症处理后症状无明显改善。Ｂ超检查示“膈下脾实质可见 6 .6ｃｍ× 1.7ｃｍ低回声 ,左胸腔少量积液” ;ＣＴ扫描示“脾肿大 ,边界模糊 ,周围可见积液” ,提示为…     

单操作孔胸腔镜技术在老年肺部肿瘤患者中的应用

目的探讨单操作孔胸腔镜技术在老年肺部肿瘤患者中应用的安全性及可行性。方法回顾性分析2009年3月-2012年12月采用单操作孔胸腔镜技术对32例老年肺部肿瘤患者手术的临床资料。胸腔镜观察孔位于腋中线第7肋间,操作孔位于腋前线第4或第5肋间,切口3 cm,经单一操作孔完成手术。结果手术方式包括肺楔形切除、纵隔淋巴结活体组织检查（活检）、胸膜活检及胸膜固定术等。手术时间30~70 min,平均45 min;术中出血20~150 mL,平均50 mL。术后无严重并发症,均顺利出院。结论对于部分老年肺部肿瘤患者,单操作孔胸腔镜技术安全可行,能进一步降低手术创伤,适宜于肺部周围型病变的楔形切除、晚期肿瘤活检及恶性胸腔积液的处理。     

电视胸腔镜肺叶切除16例

以电视胸腔镜作肺叶切除在国内开展得还不多,而且处理血管均采用进口的Endo-GIA,价格昂贵,病人经济负担较重。自1996年8月以来,我们采用电视胸腔镜,不用Endo-GIA的方法为16例病人施行肺叶切除,效果尚满意。现报告如下。 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 本组男14例,女2例;年龄32a～70a,平均41a。右上肺叶切除5例、左上肺叶2例、右中叶2例、右下肺叶4例、左下肺4例。其中Ⅰ期原发性肺癌7例、支气管扩张2例、肺动脉瘤1例,肺囊肿4例,肺中叶综合征(类癌)1例,乳癌术后5a肺转移1例。 1.2 手术方法 双腔气管插管全麻,健侧卧位,胸部垫高,使身体呈型,肋间隙尽可能增宽,先在第6肋间腋中线做一1.2cm小切口,分离至胸腔后,用手指伸入探查,如无肺粘连可置入胸腔镜观察,切口可作为术毕置胸腔引流管用。另外,上叶切除在第4肋间,下叶切除在第5肋间腋后线至腋前线处开一6cm～8cm的小切口,根据手术需要,可在其它肋间再做一个1cm小切口,置胸腔镜操作钳。3     

单操作孔胸腔镜手术治疗原发自发性气胸应用研究

目的探讨单操作孔胸腔镜手术(VATS)治疗原发自发性气胸(PSP)的手术方法和临床应用可行性。方法 2010年1月至2012年10月选择PSP患者62例行VATS治疗。于腋中线间第7或第8肋间作观察孔,长约1.0cm;单操作孔位于腋前线第4或第5肋间,长1.5~2.0cm。结果 62例患者均顺利完成VATS治疗,手术平均时间(18.7±7.9)min,术中平均失血(32.3±11.08)mL,术后平均(3.32±0.67)d拔除胸腔引流管,术后平均住院(7.74±0.86)d。所有患者术后无严重并发症,术后1个月胸部X线片显示患侧肺复张良好。1例患者术后13个月时气胸复发,范围20%,未做特殊治疗,气胸自行吸收。结论单操作孔VATS治疗PSP安全、可行,值得推广应用。     

应用达芬奇机器人诊治肺周围小结节病变

目的探索达芬奇机器人在肺周围小结节病变诊治中的价值和技术问题。方法从2011年11月至2012年10月,我院应用达芬奇机器人治疗肺周围小结节病变29例,其中男19例,女10例,年龄39～80岁,平均（58．5±9．4）岁。术中切取病变送冰冻病理检查,证实为恶性病变者行肺叶切除并常规清除肺门和纵隔淋巴结。手术采用全麻、双腔管气管插管,健侧卧位,胸部垫高,双手屈曲抱枕于头前,折刀位。健侧单肺通气。床旁机械臂系统从患者头上入位。孔位根据病变位置适当调整,腋后线第8肋间为进镜孔,肩胛线第8肋间、腋前线与锁骨中线第5肋间为器械孔。腋中线第7肋间为辅助口。结果术后病理为良性病变10例（炎性假瘤4例,结核或肉芽肿5例,错构瘤1例）,恶性病变19例（腺癌15例,鳞状细胞癌2例,腺鳞癌1例,黏液表皮样癌1例）,手术包括楔形切除9例,右肺上叶切除5例,右肺下叶切除8例,右肺中叶切除1例,左肺下叶切除6例。29例均顺利完成机器人手术,肺叶切除平均术中出血15～200ml（中位数50ml）,无输血。所有患者均顺利拔除气管插管。所有患者无严重术后并发症,平均带胸腔引流管时间1～15d[（8．7±3．5）d]。所有患者均顺利出院。随访时间2—14个月[（5．9±2．7）个月],无复发、转移。结论应用达芬奇机器人手术系统治疗肺小结节病变安全、可行,尤其在肺癌根治手术中具有优势,可推荐用于早期非小细胞肺癌的手术治疗。     

胸腔镜手术治疗异常体循环动脉供应左肺下叶基底段

目的评价胸腔镜手术治疗异常体循环动脉供应左肺下叶基底段的效果。方法回顾性分析我院2017年单操作孔胸腔镜手术切除左肺下叶治疗异常体循环动脉供应左肺下叶基底段患者2例临床资料,男、女各1例。结果手术时间201～225min,术中出血量100～200ml。女性患者术后大出血,经开胸手术止血治疗,术后并发血胸、肺炎、肋间神经痛,经保守治疗后好转。男性患者术后第6天出现伤口脂肪液化,经二次缝合后愈合良好。结论胸腔镜手术治疗异常体循环动脉供应左肺下叶基底段可行,但术中需对支气管动脉进行确切止血。     

食管镜配合胸腔镜手术治疗食管平滑肌瘤

20 0 2年 2月～ 2 0 0 2年 7月 ,我们用食管镜配合电视胸腔镜手术 (VATS) ,治疗食管平滑肌瘤 5例 ,效果良好。1　资料与方法1 .1　临床资料本组男性 4例 ,女性 1例。年龄 3 2～5 4岁。术前胃镜检查见食管黏膜均有外压性改变 ,黏膜光滑完整。食管平滑肌瘤位于食管下段 ,肿瘤大小 0 .5～ 3 .0cm。1 .2　手术方法双腔气管插管全麻 ,单肺通气下行VATS手术。右侧卧位 ,腋中线与腋后线之间第 7肋间置入胸腔镜 ,依据肿瘤位置 ,多选择腋前第 4肋间 ,腋后线第 5肋间各做一个内镜操作孔。用 5爪内镜拉钩将肺牵向前上方 ,剪开纵隔胸膜 ,游离食管下…     

4例胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术的护理配合

目的 探讨并总结胸腔镜下房间隔缺损的手术护理配合方法。方法 4例房间隔缺损患者均在第4肋间打孔置入胸腔镜,探查胸腔内有无粘连等影响胸腔镜操作的因素,采用股动脉、股静脉插管建立体外循环,分别在第2肋间腋前线、第5肋间腋前线打两个手术操作孔,将微型牵开器固定在第4肋间腋中线切口后在电视胸腔镜下行房间隔缺损修补术。结果 4例患者均顺利完成手术。结论顺利配合完成4例电视胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术,并总结出护理配合方法。     

电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺切除术28例分析

目的:探讨胸腔镜辅助小切口手术在肺切除术中的应用。方法:在第8肋间腋中线作1.5 cm切口,插入光源,在第5肋间侧胸部作6~8 cm小切口,行肺楔形切除6例、肺叶切除22例。结果:术后28例中肺癌18例,炎性假瘤6例,结核球4例。随访2 a,除2例肺癌死于肺内转移外,其余均健在。结论:胸腔镜手术有利于肺孤立性小结节的诊治,并可作为早、中期肺癌外科治疗的一种手段。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.