基于响应面分析法优化黄芪通便颗粒喷雾干燥工艺

目的:运用响应面分析法优选黄芪通便颗粒喷雾干燥工艺参数。方法:采用单因素方法研究不同辅料解决黄芪通便颗粒提取液喷雾干燥粘壁的问题;以喷雾干燥得粉率和含水量的总评"归一值"(OD值)为评价指标,采用PBD对进风温度、进料速度、雾化压力、料液密度、药液温度和添加辅料比进行筛选,采用CCD对关键工艺参数进行预测,并加以验证。结果:最佳喷雾工艺为进风温度150℃,进料速度20r/min,雾化压力0.5MPa,料液密度为1.10g/mL,药液温度30℃,添加辅料比17%,在此最优工艺参数下得粉率最高且不粘壁。结论:结果表明黄芪通便颗粒的喷雾干燥工艺切实可行,为工业化规范生产及节能降耗供参考。     

正交试验法优选延胡索浸膏的喷雾干燥工艺

目的研究延胡索浸膏的喷雾干燥工艺。方法采用L9（34）正交设计法,以喷雾粉出粉量、延胡索乙素含量和水分为检测指标,考察进风口温度、出风口温度、浸膏相对密度对延胡索浸膏喷雾干燥的影响,优化喷雾干燥技术。结果优选喷雾干燥工艺为：进风口温度180℃,出风口温度80℃,浸膏相对密度1.15。结论该工艺合理、可行,为工业化生产提供了试验性基础依据。     

应用二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化白芷提取物喷雾干燥工艺

目的:对白芷提取物的喷雾干燥工艺进行优化.方法:以白芷中有效成份欧前胡素的总得率为指标,采用四因素二次回归正交旋转组合设计法,确定了喷雾干燥的工艺参数:浸膏相对密度、进风温度、出风温度和浸膏进料速度.结果:最佳工艺经过验证,确定其工艺参数为:浸膏相对密度为1.09 g/mL,进风温度为145℃,出风温度为85℃,浸膏进...     

正交试验法优选增免强力颗粒制粒工艺研究

目的:优选增免强力颗粒的最佳制粒工艺.方法:以喷雾制粒后颗粒的含水量为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交法优选流化床喷雾制粒的最佳工艺.结果:流化床喷雾制粒的影响因素程度依次为:A(浸膏相对密度)＞B(进风温度)＞C(进风量)＞D(喷浆速度);最佳流化床喷雾制粒方案为:清浸膏相对密度1.25、进风温度80℃、进风量1 50...     

黄连阿胶汤加减方喷雾干燥工艺优化研究

目的对一款黄连阿胶汤加减方中黄连、白芍、酸枣仁组合物醇提液及黄芩、合欢皮水提液的最佳喷雾干燥工艺进行优化研究。方法以喷干粉得率为评价指标,参考喷干粉的水分含量,采用正交实验,考察进风口温度、药液相对密度和进液速度三个因素对喷雾干燥效果的影响,确定最佳干燥工艺。结果通过实验研究确定醇提液最优喷雾干燥条件为:进液速度为25 ml/min,药液相对密度为1.11(60℃),进风温度为170℃。水提液最佳喷雾干燥条件为:进液速度35 ml/min,药液相对密度为1.11(60℃),进风温度150℃。结论通过优化得到的喷雾干燥条件制得的颗粒加工性能良好,可为黄连阿胶汤相关的颗粒、胶囊、片剂等固体制剂的开发提供参考依据,使之便于服用,满足临床用药需求。     

正交试验结合多指标权重分析法优选金银花喷雾干燥工艺

目的:优选金银花配方颗粒喷雾干燥工艺。方法:以流膏密度、进风温度、出风温度3个因素设计正交试验方案,通过对干燥收率、指标成分转移率、特征图谱相似度、水分、溶化性多指标权重综合分析评分,选择最优工艺。结果:根据综合评分结果,最终优选工艺参数：流膏密度1.06 g/mL(60℃),喷雾干燥进口温度200℃±5℃,出口温度105℃±5℃。结论:本研究可为金银花配方颗粒的喷雾干燥工艺提供一定的参考。     

正交优选柴芩退热颗粒喷雾干燥工艺

目的:优选柴芩退热颗粒的喷雾干燥工艺。方法:以黄芩苷的含量、干燥物得率、干燥物水分为评价指标,采用正交实验设计优选喷雾干燥工艺参数。结果:确定柴芩退热颗粒的喷雾干燥工艺为,控制物料相对密度为1.10±0.02,加入5%的糊精,进料液的温度为(45±5)℃,进料速度为10m L/min,进风温度(180±5)℃,出风温度(85±5)℃。结论:优选的喷雾干燥工艺比较优良,可以较好的适用于柴芩退热颗粒的浸膏干燥,为其成型工艺奠定了基础。     

金桐根颗粒剂喷雾干燥工艺研究

采用正交试验法，以干浸膏的含水量（％）作为考核指标，选择了欲干燥药物清膏的相对密度喷雾干燥机进风温度、出风温度及进风压力等主要工艺因素的相关性进行研究，为优选该制剂生产工艺提供依据。     

神痛宁胶囊的制备工艺研究

目的：优选神痛宁胶囊的制备工艺条件。方法：采用正交试验法，优选挥发油提取和水提工艺，并采用了喷雾干燥－干法制粒的新工艺。结果：当归、独活挥发油的最佳提取工艺条件为：加水量20倍，浸泡2h，水蒸汽蒸馏提取10h；水提最佳工艺：加水10倍，煎煮2次，时间1．5h和1h；喷雾干燥药液相对密度1．15（60℃），进口温度185℃。出口温度90℃。结论：制剂工艺合理，实用可行，适用于大生产。     

胡蓝降糖颗粒喷雾干燥工艺研究

目的优选胡蓝降糖颗粒喷雾干燥的最佳工艺条件。方法在辅料种类及用量筛选的基础上,采用正交试验法,以含水量和得粉率为考察指标,优选胡蓝降糖颗粒喷雾干燥的最佳工艺条件。结果胡蓝降糖颗粒喷雾干燥的最佳工艺参数为:浸膏相对密度1.20 g/cm~3,进风温度110℃,进料速度10 mL/min。结论本试验为胡蓝降糖颗粒的工艺改进提供了依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.