缺血性脑卒中亚型及其危险因素与脑白质变性的关系

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中亚型及其危险因素与脑白质变性(LA)的关系。方法对213例伴LA的缺血性脑卒中患者的LA程度进行分级(LA1、LA2、LA3),分析其与缺血性脑卒中亚型(短暂脑缺血发作、腔隙性脑梗死、动脉血栓形成和心源性脑梗死)及其危险因素(年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病及冠心病等)的关系。结果213例伴LA的缺血性脑卒中患者中,LA2和LA3患者的年龄明显高于LA1患者(均P<0.05);腔隙性脑梗死患者LA3的发生率明显高于其他缺血性脑卒中亚型(均P<0.05);与LA程度明显相关的因素为年龄(OR 0.69,95%CI:0.49~0.97)和腔隙性脑梗死(OR 0.01,95%CI:0.00~0.33)(均P<0.05)。结论与LA相关的危险因素是高龄和腔隙性脑梗死;可能的机制为穿支动脉硬化和血压调节障碍影响脑白质血流供应,引起白质局部坏死、腔隙形成或弥漫性LA。     

脑梗死患者伴脑白质疏松症的相关危险因素及与脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2相关性的研究

目的 探讨脑梗死患者伴脑白质疏松症(LA)的相关危险因素及与脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2( LP - PLA2)的相关性.方法 选取178例脑梗死患者,依其影像学表现将其分为脑梗死合并LA组(83例)和脑梗死不合并LA组(95例),对比分析两组的Lp-PLA2含量以及临床、辅助检查指标.结果 (1)脑梗死患者共178例,LA的发病率46.63％.(2)单因素分析结果显示:在LA例组和无LA组年龄、Lp-PLA2、高血压病史及腔隙性脑梗死之间的差异具有统计学意义;多因素Logistic回归分析结果筛选出3个具有统计学意义的指标:Lp-PLA2、年龄和腔隙性脑梗死.(3)性别、糖尿病史、高脂血症、吸烟史、饮酒史、冠心病史及脑血管狭窄发生率在LA组和无LA组的差异无统计学意义.(4)两组高脂血症患者的LDL、甘油三脂、胆固醇水平及两组糖尿病患者的空腹血糖值差异无统计学意义,脑血管狭窄分为单纯前循环病变、单纯后循环病变及前后循环均有病变后,两组间构成比差异无统计学意义.结论 年龄、Lp-PLA2、腔隙性脑梗死是LA独立的危险因素.颅内外大血管狭窄与LA无确切的相关性.高血压是LA重要的危险因素.糖尿病、高血脂、吸烟史、饮酒史、冠心病史是LA和缺血性脑卒中的共同危险因素.     

伴智能障碍的脑白质疏松症患者相关危险因素分析

目的分析伴智能障碍的脑白质疏松症(LA)患者的相关危险因素。方法 207例LA患者分为伴有智能障碍组和无智能障碍组,对患者的性别、年龄、高血压病史、糖尿病史、冠心病史及既往脑梗死病史等进行相关因素分析和Logistic回归分析。结果两组年龄、高血压病史、糖尿病史、既往脑梗死病史和LA的严重程度均有显著差异。多因素回归分析最终入选模型的变量是年龄、高血压病史、既往脑梗死病史和重度LA。结论高龄、高血压病史、既往脑梗死病史和重度LA,对LA是否伴智能障碍有独立的提示作用。     

脑白质疏松症与脑血管病的关系

目的 :研究脑白质疏松症 (LA)与脑血管病的关系。方法 :对 10 2例LA伴发脑血管病患者与同期随机抽样的 10 2例无LA的脑血管病患者作对照组进行对比分析。结果 :脑血管伴发LA组年龄、高血压史≥ 10年 ,冠心病和脑卒中与对照组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。伴有LA的患者脑血管病类型以腔隙梗死最多见 ,与对照组比较有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :高血压引起的动脉硬化是腔隙梗死、脑出血及LA的共同病因 ,长期高血压更易导致腔隙梗死及LA。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与不同类型脑小血管病相关性分析

目的：分析血同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）与不同类型脑小血管病的相关性。方法纳入脑小血管病患者123例（病例组）,其中单纯脑白质疏松症（LA）39例,腔隙性梗死（LI）35例,脑微出血（CMB）16例,脑白质疏松并腔隙性梗死和（或）脑微出血33例,40例健康者为对照组。对2组患者均进行Hcy检测。结果LA、LI、CMB及脑白质疏松并腔隙性梗死和（或）脑微出血组血浆同型半胱氨酸均高于对照组（P＜0.05）,脑白质疏松并腔隙性梗死和（或）脑微出血组血浆同型半胱氨酸明显高于其他3组脑小血管病组（P＜0.05）,LA、LI及CMB血浆同型半胱氨酸无明显差异。结论Hcy与脑小血管病（SVB）的病情严重程度具有密切关系。     

脑白质疏松症与脑血管病的关系

目的：研究脑白质疏松症（LA）与脑血管病的关系。方法：对102例LA伴发脑血管病患者与同期随机抽样的102例无LA的脑血管病患者作对照组进行对比分析。结果：脑血管伴发LA组年龄、高血压史≥10年，冠心病和脑卒中与对照组比较均有显著性差异（P＜0．05－0．01）。伴有LA的患者脑血管病类型以腔隙梗死最多见，与对照组比较有非常显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：高血压引起的动脉硬化是腔隙梗死、脑出血及LA的共同病因，长期高血压更易导致腔隙梗死及LA。     

脑白质疏松症的临床危险因素分析

目的探讨脑白质疏松症的临床危险因素。方法回顾性分析2015-01-01—2016-06-01连续收治的116例脑白质疏松症患者的临床资料,利用脑白质疏松症Fazekasz量表评分将LA患者分为中度组(n=70)和重度组(n=46),并对其临床资料进行统计学处理。结果脑白质疏松症合并高血压史85例(73.2%),糖尿病15例(12.9%),脂代谢异常76例(65.5%),大动脉粥样硬化63例(54.3%),平均同型半胱氨酸水平为21.98mg/L。与中度组相比,重度组年龄较大,胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白A及载脂蛋白B的水平更低(P0.05);而同型半胱氨酸水平更高(P0.05)。结论年龄、高血压、脂代谢异常、同型半胱氨酸水平等因素均与LA的发生有关;其中高龄和高同型半胱氨酸与LA的发生有关,而血胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白及载脂蛋白A、B为LA的保护因素,其降低与更高的Fazekasz量表评分有关。     

大脑中动脉供血区单发腔梗的病灶位置与其发病机制的关系探讨

目的对大脑中动脉供血区单发腔梗(lacunar infarction,LI)的病灶位置及载体动脉硬化情况进行分析,探讨LI发病机制的异质性。方法将2009年10月~2015年10月期间于中国医科大学附属盛京医院神经内科住院的519例经头DWI证实的大脑中动脉供血区的单个新发LI患者纳入研究。根据病灶位置与载体动脉的关系将患者分为两组:近端腔隙性脑梗死组(proximal lacunar infarction,PLI)和远端腔隙性脑梗死组(distal lacunar infarction,DLI);评估每一位患者是否伴有载体动脉病(parent artery disease,PAD)、除载体动脉外的其它大动脉的动脉硬化情况(atherosclerosis of other cerebral artery,AOCA)、脑白质疏松程度、无症状性脑梗死(silent brain infarct,SBI)个数及其他临床资料,比较DLI和PLI两组患者在临床和影像学方面的差异。结果高龄、男性、吸烟、糖尿病、冠心病、AOCA、低密度胆固醇为PAD的危险因素。在PLI及DLI两组患者的临床特点和影像学资料的比较中,糖尿病在PLI组中的患病率高于DLI组,血清叶酸在DLI组中的水平低于PLI组。PLI组患者的病灶大于DLI组。PAD和AOCA为PLI的独立危险因素,脑白质疏松和SBI是PLI的保护性因素。结论不同病灶位置的LI在临床特点和影像学上有显著差异。我们将PAD和AOCA作为动脉硬化的标志,脑白质疏松和SBI作为微血管透明样变的标志,研究结果提示:PLI的发病机制可能与动脉硬化有关;DLI的发病机制可能与微血管透明样变性有关。     

脑白质疏松症与Binswanger病的临床及CT、MRI对比研究

目的:探讨单纯脑白质疏松症的临床和CT、MRI特征以及与Binswanger病、脑梗死的关系。方法:对114例单纯脑白质疏松症患者的临床特点和CT、MRI所见进行分析。结果:单纯LA组危险因素多样化,CT显示脑白质异常以1型为主(70.2%),MRI显示脑白质异常以Ⅰ型为主(71.6%)。BD组危险因素以高血压为主(95.1％),CT显示脑白质异常以3型为主(73.2％),MRI显示脑白质异常以3型(54.3%)、4型(45.7%)为主。Cl+LA组危险因素以冠心病(50％)、高血压(43.4%)、高脂血症(31.0%)为主。结论:单纯LA危险因素多样化,无明显神经局灶体征,诊断主要以影像学描述Ⅰ型脑白质异常为依据。BD的临床诊断标准以高血压、较明显的认知功能障碍、常见卒中样发作为主要特征,CT显示脑白质异常3型,MRI显示脑白质异常3型或4型为影像学诊断依据。Cl+LA的危险因素以冠心病、高血压、高脂血症为主,较单纯LA有较明显的认知识功能障碍。     

2型糖尿病伴发腔隙性脑梗死相关因素分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病伴发腔隙性脑梗死的相关危险因素.方法 选择驻马店市中心医院综合内科收治的210例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,将其分为A组:2型糖尿病未伴发腔隙性脑梗死组(1 19例),B组:2型糖尿病伴发单发性腔隙性脑梗死组(67例),C组:2型糖尿病伴发多发性腔隙性脑梗死组(24例).收集各组患者性别、年龄,既往史、实验室检查指标等各项临床资料,通过单因素分析及多因素分析行统计学比较.结果 B组、C组患有高血压病史比例明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).C组患者重度颈动脉狭窄率明显高于A组、B组,而B组患者重度颈动脉狭窄率明显高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).C组患者三酰甘油(TG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白阻固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与A组、B组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组患者TG与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).B组、C组患者糖化血红蛋白(HbArc)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、尿微量白蛋白(MA)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).高血压史、重度颈动脉狭窄率、TG 、HbArc 、CRP 、MA 、CIMT为2型糖尿病伴发单发性腔隙性腩梗死的独立危险因素,而高血压史、重度颈动脉狭窄率、TC、HDL-C、TG、LDL-C、HbArc、CRP、MA,CIMT为2型糖尿病伴发多发性腔隙性脑梗死的独立危险因素.结论 影响2型糖尿病伴发单发性腔隙性脑梗死和伴发多发性腔隙性脑梗死的危险因素各有不同,临床上应加以区分对待.     

急性腔隙性脑梗死患者脑白质疏松磁共振影像分层研究

目的 通过分析腔隙性脑梗死患者脑白质疏松磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）特点并结合脑白质血液供应,探讨影像学分层的临床价值。 方法 连续选取北京天坛医院住院的合并脑白质疏松的急性腔隙性脑梗死患者61例,按其脑白质疏松部位不同分为3组（皮层下组、室旁组和混合组）,按其脑白质疏松的严重程度分为3级,分析各组患者临床一般资料的特点及各组、各级脑白质疏松MRI特点。 结果 皮层下组患者年龄较室旁组及混合组小,其差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。腔隙性脑梗死患者中,深部、室旁白质疏松及深部合并室旁白质疏松共占88.50%,而皮层下白质疏松占11.50%。深部/室旁白质疏松以2级常见,皮层下白质疏松以1级最常见。 结论 腔隙性脑梗死患者脑白质疏松随年龄增加而加重,而且其脑白质疏松多发生在深部和或室旁白质。     

Silent cerebral microbleeds on susceptibility-weighted imaging of patients with ischemic stroke and leukoaraiosis

OBJECTIVE: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are an increasingly recognized in patients with cerebrovascular disease who undergo the new MRI techniques. Susceptibility-weighted MRI is sensitive to detect silent microbleeds which are associated with microangiopathy from atherosclerosis, amyloid angiopathy or asymptomatic elderly individuals. CMBs are intracerebral old hemosiderin deposits in the perivascular space, and the clinical significance of such 'microbleeds' remains controversy. We investigated the incidence of microbleeds among different ischemic stroke subtypes and the severity of leukoaraiosis. METHODS: In this study, we collected 137 patients (73.5 +/- 9.1 years old, 84 men and 53 women) who were divided into five groups: atherothrombotic infarction (34 patients), cardioembolic infarction (24 patients), lacunar infarction (35 patients), other determined or undetermined infarction (21 patients) and control (23 patients), in which 52 had primary stroke and 62 had recurrent stroke. Microbleeds were counted and leukoaraiosis was graded using susceptibility-weighted, T1-, T2- and FLAIR MRI with a 3.0 T system. RESULTS: Microbleeds were high in lacunar infarction (25.7%) and atherothrombotic infarction patients (20.6%). Microbleeds were low in patients with cardioembolic infarction (4.2%). Both microbleeds (> or =grade 2) and leukoaraiosis in severity (> or =grade 2) were higher in the recurrent stroke group (14.5 and 48.4%) than those in the primary stroke group (3.8 and 7.7%). Leukoaraiosis (r=0.803, p<0.05) and recurrent stroke (r=0.708, p<0.05) were significantly associated with microbleeds. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic CMBs are observed with a markedly higher frequency in recurrent stroke, and are closely associated with the severity of leukoaraiosis.     

Silent cerebral microbleeds on susceptibility-weighted imaging of patients with ischemic stroke and leukoaraiosis

Abstract

Objective: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are an increasingly recognized in patients with cerebrovascular disease who undergo the new MRI techniques. Susceptibility-weighted MRI is sensitive to detect silent microbleeds which are associated with microangiopathy from atherosclerosis, amyloid angiopathy or asymptomatic elderly individuals. CMBs are intracerebral old hemosiderin deposits in the perivascular space, and the clinical significance of such 'microbleeds' remains controversy. We investigated the incidence of microbleeds among different ischemic stroke subtypes and the severity of leukoaraiosis.

Methods: In this study, we collected 137 patients (73.5 ± 9.1 years old, 84 men and 53 women) who were divided into five groups: atherothrombotic infarction (34 patients), cardioembolic infarction (24 patients), lacunar infarction (35 patients), other determined or undetermined infarction (21 patients) and control (23 patients), in which 52 had primary stroke and 62 had recurrent stroke. Microbleeds were counted and leukoaraiosis was graded using susceptibility-weighted, T1-, T2- and FLAIR MRI with a 3.0 T system.

Results: Microbleeds were high in lacunar infarction (25.7%) and atherothrombotic infarction patients (20.6%). Microbleeds were low in patients with cardioembolic infarction (4.2%). Both microbleeds (≥grade 2) and leukoaraiosis in severity (≥grade 2) were higher in the recurrent stroke group (14.5 and 48.4%) than those in the primary stroke group (3.8 and 7.7%). Leukoaraiosis (r=0.803, p<0.05) and recurrent stroke (r=0.708, p<0.05) were significantly associated with microbleeds.

Conclusions: Asymptomatic CMBs are observed with a markedly higher frequency in recurrent stroke, and are closely associated with the severity of leukoaraiosis.     

脑白质疏松患者血浆生长抑素含量的初步探讨

为了探讨老年人脑白质疏松（ＬＡ）与血浆生长抑素（ＳＳ）含量之间的关系，本研究应用放射免疫分析法测定了１３例ＬＡ有痴呆，２６例无痴呆，２６例腔隙梗塞患者和２０名健康人血浆ＳＳ含量，结果显示：ＬＡ患者血浆ＳＳ含量较腔隙梗塞组和健康对照组明显下降（Ｐ〈０．０５），虽然腔隙梗塞组较健康对照组也下降，但两者之间差异无显著性意义，提示腔隙梗塞患者ＬＡ，不管是否存在痴呆，其中枢ＳＳ系统功能低下。     

阿司匹林对脑室旁脑白质疏松患者新发脑卒中的影响

目的探讨阿司匹林对脑室旁脑白质疏松患者新发脑卒中的影响。方法选取伴腔隙性梗死的脑室旁脑白质疏松患者400例,随机分为阿司匹林组(200例)和对照组(200例)。阿司匹林组服用阿司匹林肠溶片100mg,1次/d,持续1a。对照组不服用任何抗血小板药或抗凝药。记录1a内患者发生急性脑血管疾病和神经功能缺损情况。记录入组时及1a后受试者的认知功能(MoCA评分)、白质疏松的严重程度及脑微出血。结果阿司匹林组1a后脑微出血的数量明显大于对照组,阿司匹林组急性脑梗死的发生率明显小于对照组(P0.05),脑出血发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。脑卒中患者1a后神经功能缺损程度(NIHSS评分)阿司匹林组和对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),2组白质疏松程度评、认知功能差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用阿司匹林对伴脑室旁白质疏松的腔隙性梗死患者缺血性卒中的一级或二级预防可使新发脑梗死疾病显著减少,且不加快白质疏松进程及增加颅内出血。     

腔隙性脑梗死伴脑白质疏松症可加重认知功能障碍

实验对脑白质疏松进行半定量分析。以蒙特利尔认知评估量表评价中、重度腔隙性脑梗死患者评分下降（F=12.02,P=0.000）,P300 Cz2.0潜伏期延长（F=16.04,P=0.000）。相关性分析显示发生脑白质疏松后评分与蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分负相关（r=-0.416,P=0.000）,与P300 Cz2.0潜伏期正相关（r=0.538,P=0.000）。提示脑白质疏松加重了腔隙性脑梗死患者的认知功能损害,脑白质疏松程度越重,认知功能下降越为显著。     

脑白质疏松症的磁共振扩散张量成像研究及其与急性腔隙性脑梗死的鉴别

目的 研究脑白质疏松症(LA)和急性腔隙性脑梗死(LD在磁共振扩散张量(DTI)影像学上的特点,探讨DTI对LA诊断及其与LI鉴别诊断的价值.方法 对28例LA患者、11例LI患者和20名正常老年人行DTI扫描,测量LA病灶区、形似正常(NAWM)区、LI梗死中心、健侧对应部位和对照组正常白质区的平均扩散系数(MD)、部分各项异性(FA)值.结果 LA患者病灶分别较NAWM、对照组以及LA NAWM区较对照组,MD值升高,FA值降低.各组大脑半球左右侧(除LA NAWM区侧脑室前端和后端周围MD值外)MD和FA值无显著性差异;随LA严重程度增加,MD值升高,而FA值降低;LI梗死中心较健侧对应部位和对照组MD值、FA值均较对照组降低.结论 DTI在监测脑白质病变上远比常规MRI灵敏度高,可发现早期的LA病变.LA的DTI参数变化反映了脑白质微结构改变.LA和急性LI在DTI的表现有特征性差异,显示出DTI在LA诊断及其与LI鉴别诊断的价值.     

Leukoaraiosis in relation to prognosis for patients with lacunar infarction.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Close relations between leukoaraiosis detected by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and stroke, particularly lacunar infarction, have been reported. We studied whether leukoaraiosis is related to long-term prognosis for patients with lacunar infarction. METHODS: We examined monthly 215 patients with lacunar infarction after their first stroke. They comprised 95 patients with leukoaraiosis disclosed by computed tomography on admission (58 men and 37 women; mean age, 71.3 +/- 9.0 years) and 120 patients without leukoaraiosis (81 men and 39 women; mean age, 65.5 +/- 8.9 years). These patients had no previous history of either stroke or obvious dementia before their index stroke. We compared the prognosis with and without leukoaraiosis based on analysis of recurrent stroke, survival, and the prevalence of dementia and rate of dependence in activities of daily living. RESULTS: Life table analysis revealed that the recurrent stroke rate was significantly higher in the patients with leukoaraiosis than in those without it (p = 0.004). The prevalence of dementia and rate of dependence in activities of daily living both 1 month after the index stroke and at the end of the follow-up period were significantly higher in the patients with leukoaraiosis (all parameters, P less than 0.001). Their survival rate was significantly lower than in those not suffering from leukoaraiosis (p = 0.012). Significant differences in these comparisons were also observed after matching for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of leukoaraiosis as identified by computed tomography indicates a poor prognosis for patients with lacunar infarction.     

Blood pressure variability and leukoaraiosis amount in cerebral small-vessel disease

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the correlation between blood pressure (BP) variability and leukoaraiosis (LA) amount in patients with symptomatic cerebral small-vessel disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 25 hypertensive patients: 13 with Binswanger's disease (BD) and 12 with a first-ever lacunar infarction (LI). Baseline office BP was obtained for 3 consecutive weeks. From a 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring performed 1 week later we obtained average systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP for daytime, nighttime and 24-h periods. SBP and DBP variability was defined as the within-subject standard deviation of all readings. A standardized cerebral MR was performed in each patient and an LA score was calculated. RESULTS: No statistically significant correlation was obtained between the LA score and any of the following BP values: 1) Baseline SBP and DBP; 2) 24-h, daytime or nighttime SBP and DBP, and 3) 24-h, daytime or nighttime SBP and DBP variability. CONCLUSION: Increased BP variability is not associated with greater amounts of leukoaraiosis.