急性高容量血液稀释对脊柱手术患者血液动力学及凝血功能的影响

目的 观察使用6%羟乙基淀粉(hydroxyethl starch,HES)行急性高容量血液稀释(acute hypervolemic hemodilution,AHH)后对患者血液动力学及凝血功能的影响.方法 将脊柱外科手术患者34例,行静吸复合麻醉气管内插管后,随机分为2组,对照组(输血扩容,C组)和试验组(AHH组),麻醉后用6%HES按15mL/kg以30mL/min静脉输注行AHH.分别在行AHH前(T0)、AHH结束后即刻(T1)、AHH结束后30min(T2)、及AHH结束后60min(T3)采血,检测血液动力学指标及凝血功能指标的变化情况.结果 与C组相比,AHH组血流动力学指标稳定,T1时刻平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)及中心静脉压(central venous pressure,CVP)明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与T0时刻相比,T1～T3期间AHH组红细胞比容(hematocrit,Hct)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、红细胞计数(red blood cell count,RBC)较T0均显著降低(P＜0.05).与T0相比,2组患者的凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)及活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)均延长(P＜0.05),但均在正常范围;与对照组相比,其他凝血功能指标[凝血时间(coaqulation time,CT)、血小板(blatelet,PLT)、血浆纤维蛋白原含量(fibrinogen in plasma,FIB)]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 术前行AHH可以有效地维持手术中循环系统的稳定,提高血流动力学的稳定性,提高机体失血耐受性.术前行AHH对患者凝血功能的抑制作用比较轻,影响无明显差异.     

万汶行急性高容量血液稀释用于脑膜瘤患者的临床观察

目的:观察万汶TM行急性超容性血液稀释(AHH)对脑膜瘤手术患者血流动力学的影响及其临床疗效。方法:ASAI~Ⅱ级脑膜瘤患者30例,随机分为观察组(V组)和对照组(C组),全麻诱导且平稳后V组从中心静脉25~35ml/min输入万汶TM(HES130/0.4)15ml/kg,C组输注等量乳酸林格氏液。常规监测SBP、DBP、MAP、SpO2、HR、CVP、PETCO2、ECG,并于AHH前(T0)、AHH后即刻(T1)、AHH后30min(T2)、AHH后60min(T3)、手术结束时(T4)采集血样监测Hb、Hct,记录术中失血量、输血量、输液量及尿量。结果:术中两组患者出血量、输液量及尿量差异无显著意义,输血量V组明显低于C组(P相似文献   

急性高容量血液稀释与控制降压对老年患者凝血功能和血液流变学的影响

目的：观察急性高容量血液稀释（acute hypervolemic he-modilution,AHH）与控制性降压对年老患者手术时凝血功能和血液流变学的影响。方法：择期手术老年患者36例,随机分为H组（17例）和C组（19例）,均行全凭静脉复合麻醉。H组输注4%琥珀酰明胶15 ml/kg,40～50 min完成,同时给予硝酸甘油（SNG）控制性降压;C组按常规予复方乳酸钠每小时6～8 min/kg输注。测定入室后（T0）、AHH完毕即刻（T1）、AHH后30 min（T2）、60 min（T3）的BP、HR、CVP及凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、凝血时间（TT）、血细胞比容（Hct）、全血黏度、血浆黏度。结果：T1～T3时H组CVP高于T0时及C组（P〈0.05）,PT值长于T0时（P〈0.05）,Hct值低于T0时和C组（P〈0.05）,全血黏度高、中度切变率低于T0时和C组（P〈0.05）。结论：4%琥珀酰明胶用于AHH结合控制性降压,对老年患者凝血功能影响甚小,且可改变血液流变学,有助于围术期微循环功能的改善。     

急性高容量血液稀释对老年髋关节置换患者围术期凝血功能的影响

目的：观察急性高容量血液稀释（ AHH）对老年髋关节置换患者围术期凝血功能的影响。方法行择期手术老年患者60例,随机分为AHH组（ A组）和对照组（ B组）,检测A组患者在AHH开始前（ T0）、结束即刻（ T1）、结束后30min（ T2）、术毕（ T3）、术后1d（ T4）及术后3d（ T5）的Hct和凝血功能的变化;B组患者于对应时间点检测同一指标。结果 A组T1,T2,T3,T4,T5时与T0比较,Hct显著降低（P＜0．05）,但T2,T3,T4,T5时,A组高于B组同时点的Hct,T1时低于B组同时点Hct;T1,T2,T3,T4时与T0比较,PT延长（P＜0．05）,同时也较同时点B组延长（P＜0．05）;APTT无明显变化;T3,T4时与T0比较,FIB降低（P＜0．05）,同时也较同时点B组降低（ P＜0．05）。结论老年髋关节置换术前行AHH能够预防血栓形成,且不影响凝血功能,有利于稳定循环,减少失血和并发症的发生。     

羟乙基淀粉急性高容量血液稀释对缺血再灌注损伤肾血流量的影响

目的 :研究 6%羟乙基淀粉 ) HES)急性高容量 (AHH)血液稀释对缺血再灌注损伤肾血流量的影响。方法 :健康新西兰雄性白兔 2 6只 ,随机分为二组 (n=1 3 ) :HES急性高容量血液稀释组 (AHH组 )和对照组 (C组 )。 AHH组于 HES急性高容量血液稀释后 ,C组于补足丢失液体后 ,用无损伤动脉夹夹闭肾动脉和肾静脉 ,缺血 3 0分钟 ,松开动脉夹再灌注 1 80分钟 ,制成缺血再灌注损伤模型。用电磁血流计监测再灌注前 (夹闭前 )、再灌注 1 0分钟、90分钟和 1 80分钟的肾血流量。结果 :(1 )稀释后和稀释前相比 ,动物 CVP显著升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;Hb和 Hct降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。(2 )再灌注 1 0分钟和再灌注 90分钟时 ,AHH组和 C组的肾血流量与再灌注前 (基础值 )相比明显升高 (P<0 .0 5 )。再灌注 1 80分钟时 ,C组的肾血流量与基础值相比明显升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,AHH组的肾血流量与基础值相比没有明显变化 ,但与 C组再灌注 1 80分钟时的肾血流量相比明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :HES急性高容量血液稀释能增加缺血再灌注损伤肾的血流量 ,明显改善肾的血液动力学和血液流变学     

急性高容血液稀释联合控制性降压对老年肿瘤患者术中血流动力学和肾功能的影响

目的:观察术中急性高容血液稀释(acute hypervolaemic hemodilution,AHH)联合控制性降压(controlled hypotension,CH)对老年肿瘤患者血液动力学和肾功能的影响. 方法:将择期行肿瘤根治术的老年患者40例随机分为AHH&CH组(Ⅰ组),CH组(Ⅱ组),每组20例.分别观察记录麻醉平稳动静脉导管置管完成后(基础值,T0)、手术开始即刻(T1)、停止降压30 min (T2)、术毕即刻(T3)两组各个时点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和中心静脉压(CVP),检测T0和T1、T3三个时点血红蛋白(Hb)浓度和红细胞比容(Hct),各个时点血清α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)浓度并检测两组T0、T3时点的血浆尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr)值,记录降压期间尿量、Fromme术野质量评分、手术出血总量和输血量. 结果:两组T1时点MAP、HR值均低于T0、T2、T3时点(P＜0.05),两组T2、T3时点的CVP值高于T0时点(P＜0.05).两组T1、T3时点Hb和Hct低于T0(P＜0.05);在T1时点,Ⅰ组的Hb和Hct低于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).两组T3时点血清α1-MG值均高于T0时点(P＜0.05),Ⅰ组降压期间尿量多于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05),输血病例数Ⅰ组少于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05). 结论:老年肿瘤患者大手术中应用AHH联合CH技术与单纯CH,均能维持血流动力学稳定,对肾功能无明显影响.AHH联合CH能明显减少术中出血量,减少异体血输注.在当今血源紧缺的情况下,推广应用本技术具有临床实用意义和重要社会价值.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40行急性高容血液稀释的临床效能

目的:研究高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40行AHH的临床效能.方法:择期胃肠道肿瘤手术60例,轻度低钠血症患者(Na+125～135mmol/L)20例为A组,余者等分为B组和C组.A和B(高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40,4ml/kg,10ml/分)、C(乳酸钠林格液15ml/kg,30ml/分).记录T0(AHH前即时)、T1(AHH后即时)、T2(AHH后30分钟)、T3(AHH后1小时)、T4(术毕)时Na+、CVP、Lac、Hct、Hb及术中BP、HR、输液量、失血量、尿量、输血例数.结果:A组和B组Na+、CVP明显升高,Hct、Hb、失血量、输血例数明显降低.结论:高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40扩容迅速,为理想的血浆代用品;术中可引起Na+一过性升高,特别适用于术前伴低钠血症的患者.     

不同血液稀释法联合血液回收对脊柱手术患者输血的影响

目的 探讨两种不同血液稀释技术（HD）联合血液回收对脊柱手术患者输血的影响.方法 60例择期脊柱手术患者随机分为3组：一组行急性等容量血液稀释联合血液回收（ANH组）;一组行急性高容量血液稀释联合血液回收（AHH组）;另一组不行HD与血液回收（对照组）.监测麻醉前（T0）、麻醉后即刻（T1）、麻醉后30 min（T2）及术毕（T3）3组患者心电图（ECG）、血压（BP）、中心静脉压（CVP）及血流动力学指标,同时监测术前、术中、术后患者的凝血功能.结果3组患者术中、术后血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞比容（Hct）及凝血指标等差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）. AHH组T1 、T2时的CVP高于ANH组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 AHH与ANH联合血液回收可应用于脊柱手术的血液保护,对凝血功能影响较小,简便易行.     

急性高容量血液稀释复合控制性降压用于颅脑肿瘤手术

目的　观察急性高容量血液稀释 (AHH)联合应用控制性降压 (CH )对颅脑肿瘤手术病人血流动力学的影响及对节约用血的评估。　方法　 ASA ～ 级的颅脑手术病人 2 4例随机分为 AHH +CH组 (A组 ,n=1 2 )和单纯 AHH组 (B组 ,n=1 2 )。两组病人术前血红蛋白 (Hb)和红细胞压积 (Hct)均 >1 1 0 g/ L和 35 %。两组用 6 %羟已基淀粉 (1 5 m L / kg)在麻醉后至硬脑膜打开之前进行血液稀释 ,A组在硬脑膜打开后复合应用硝酸甘油 (0 .5μg· kg- 1 · min- 1 )降压 ,B组未用控制性降压。观察两组 AHH前后平均动脉压 (MAP)、心率 (HR)、中心静脉压(CVP)、尿量变化、失血量和输血量。　结果　两组在 AHH后 MAP、HR均无明显变化 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,CVP均比 AHH前升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但仍在正常范围。 A组在应用硝酸甘油后 CVP下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,A组失血量明显小于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　在颅脑肿瘤手术病人 ,实施 AHH(6 %羟已基淀粉 1 5 m L / kg)进行高容量血液稀释能保持血流动力学稳定 ,复合应用控制性降压效果更好     

急性高容量血液稀释联合硝酸甘油控制性降压的临床观察

目的 观察术中急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)联合硝酸甘油控制性降压时血液动力学、氧代谢的变化,评价其可行性.方法 择期全麻手术病人40例,随机分为两组,每组20例.组Ⅰ为单纯AHH组,组Ⅱ为AHH联合应用硝酸甘油控制性降压(CH)组.组Ⅰ手术开始后在30 min内输入菲克雪浓15 mL/kg,CVP控制在16 cmH2O以内.组Ⅱ手术开始30 min内输注菲克雪浓15 mL/kg,同时以MAP基础值的70%为目标行CH.分别于麻醉诱导后(基础值,T0),AHH或AHH联合CH后30 min(T1),60 min(T2)记录血液动力学指标,同时采集中心静脉血,股动脉血测定血气及动脉血乳酸浓度(LAC),计算氧供(DO2),氧耗(VO2)和氧摄取率(ERO2).结果 AHH后,两组Hb、Hct在均明显下降(P＜0.01).组ⅠMAP、CVP明显升高(P＜0.01),组ⅡMAP、CVP无明显变化(P＞0.05).与T0比较,两组在T1、T2的DO2、VO2、LAC均无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 AHH联合硝酸甘油CH,循环负荷增加少,CVP升高不明显,不易出现心力衰竭及肺水肿,能较好维持机体血液动力学和氧代谢的相对稳定,相对单纯AHH,临床应用更安全.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.