重型颅脑损伤患者血清S-100B蛋白含量检测及临床意义

目的 通过检测重型颅脑损伤患者血清S-100B蛋白含量,研究S-100B蛋白含量与重型颅脑损伤严重程度及预后的关系,为预后评估及治疗提供理论依据.方法 选取100例正常体检者为对照组,取其血清标本检测S-100B蛋白含量.选取重型颅脑损伤患者(GCS≤8分)48例,分别于伤后早期(2～6h)及伤后1、3、5、7、10d采血,检测血清中S-100B蛋白含量,比较其在伤后不同时期的血清S-100B蛋白含量.结果 100例正常体检者血清S-100B蛋白含量测定结果 证实,正常人血清S-100B含量与年龄、性别无关.重型颅脑损伤患者伤后血清S-100B蛋白含量与对照组相比有显著性差异(P＜0.01).GCS 3～5分组与GCS 6～8分组患者及不同预后组之间血清S-100B蛋白含量有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 S-100B蛋白在诊断重型颅脑损伤及判断严重程度中有高度敏感性和特异性,是一种有效的生化指标,能为预后评估及治疗提供理论依据,值得推广.     

醒脑注射液对急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清S-100B蛋白浓度的影响

目的 动态观察醒脑注射液对急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清S-100B蛋白浓度的影响,探讨醒脑注射液在急性重型颅脑损伤治疗中的作用.方法 将120例急性重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为醒脑注射液组和常规组各60例.醒脑注射液组在常规治疗的基础上,给醒脑注射液30ml+5%葡萄糖或生理盐水100m1静滴,30min内滴完,1次/d,7d为1个疗程.所有患者于入院6h内和入院后第2、3、4、5、6 天检测血清S-100B蛋白浓度.结果 重型颅脑损伤患者的血清S-100B蛋白浓度明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);醒脑注射液组第2～6天血清S-100B蛋自浓度明显低于常规组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清S-100B蛋白浓度明显升高.醒脑注射液能降低患者血清S-100B蛋白浓度,从而保护神经功能.     

重型颅脑损伤患者亚低温治疗的临床研究

目的 通过比较重型颅脑损伤患者亚低温治疗组与常温治疗组的预后来证实亚低温治疗的脑保护作用. 方法 选取重型颅脑损伤患者76例(GCS≤8分),分为亚低温治疗组(36例)和常温治疗组(40例).常温治疗组患者应用脱水降颅压、营养神经、止血、抑制胃酸分泌、营养支持等常规治疗.亚低温治疗组患者除常规治疗外,合并应用冰毯实行亚低温治疗(患者躺在冰毯垫上,通过体表散热使中心体温和脑温降至所需温度,通常为32～34℃,并根据病情需要维持3～14 d).结果亚低温治疗组患者预后优于常温组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 亚低温治疗对重型颅脑损伤患者具有脑保护作用,能提高临床疗效,值得推广应用.     

颅脑损伤病人血清S-100B和TNF-α的变化及其与预后的相关性研究

目的分析颅脑损伤病人血清S-100B蛋白和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)与预后的相关性。方法测定112例颅脑损伤病人伤后不同时间点(伤后1 d、2 d、3 d、5 d、7 d)血清S-100B蛋白和TNF-α表达水平,分析S-100B蛋白和TNF-α表达水平与GCS评分及预后的相关性。结果颅脑损伤各组S-100B和TNF-α水平明显升高(P0.05),伤后3 d达到高峰,5 d以后逐渐下降,持续至伤后7 d。不同程度颅脑损伤组S-100B在同一个伤后时间点比较,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。颅脑损伤程度越重,S-100B蛋白表达水平越高。不同程度颅脑损伤组TNF-α水平差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。颅脑损伤各组血清S-100B和TNF-α呈显著正相关(r=0.827、0.831、0.815、0.821,均P0.05)。颅脑损伤病人的S-100B蛋白含量和TNF-α与颅脑损伤严重程度成正相关,与GOS和GCS评分呈负相关(P0.05)。结论联合测定血清S-100B蛋白和TNF-α可作为判断颅脑损伤严重程度及预后的重要客观指标,且可区分不同程度的脑损伤,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

亚低温治疗重型外伤性颅脑损伤的临床对照观察

目的 比较亚低温治疗和常温治疗重型外伤性颅脑损伤的治疗效果,方法 50例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为常温组26例和亚低温组24例.入院后病人均持续监测颅内压7 d.对照组维持正常体温,亚低温组入院后在3～7 h内将肛温降至33℃左右,并维持3～7 d.比较2组GCS评分、颅内压、临床预后指标.结果 在伤后第7天,亚低温组和...     

亚低温对重型颅脑损伤后葡萄糖代谢影响的实验研究

目的研究亚低温治疗对重型颅脑损伤大鼠血糖的影响。方法25只雄性SD大鼠随机分为三组:假手术组、常温组和亚低温治疗组。采用硬膜外自由落体打击法制作颅脑损伤模型。监测直肠温度,亚低温治疗组保持大鼠体温在33.0±1.5℃。常温组维持大鼠通常体温(为38.0±0.5 ℃)。分别于术前、术后3、8、24和48 h取血,检测血糖含量,测定其基础值及伤后动态变化。结果实验性颅脑损伤后血糖明显升高,于伤后24 h达到最高水平。常温组伤后各时段血糖值与基础值比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。亚低温治疗组伤后各时段血糖值与基础值比较无显著差异(P>0.05),但其伤后各时段血糖值与常温组各时段血糖值比较有显著差异(P<0.05),表明亚低温治疗可抑制重型颅脑损伤后高血糖反应。结论亚低温治疗可抑制颅脑损伤后高血糖反应,这有利于减轻颅脑损伤后糖代谢障碍所致脑组织的继发性损害。抑制颅脑损伤后高血糖反应可能是亚低温脑保护机制之一。     

亚低温对重型颅脑损伤后血清NSE的影响及其临床意义

目的观察重型颅脑损伤患者血清NSE含量变化以及亚低温治疗（HT）对血清NSE含量的影响,探讨HT的脑保护机制。方法54例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分成两组,分别给予常温治疗（NT）和HT。两组均于伤后6h及1、3、5、7d取血清采用双抗体夹心酶标免疫法测定其NSE含量,分析各时间点两组血清NSE含量与预后的关系。同时取12例健康体检者作为正常对照。结果①伤后各时间点两组患者血清NSE的含量明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。②治疗后各时间点HT组NSE含量均低于NT组（P〈0．01）。③与NT组比较,出院时HT组患者预后较好,但相差无显著性（P〉0．05）。④NT组预后不良者的血清NSE水平明显高于预后良好者（P〈0．05）。结论HT能够降低重型颅脑损伤患者血哮NSE含量,并提示颅脑损伤后有较高水平血清NSE患者的预后较差。     

亚低温对重型脑损伤后血清IL-18含量的影响

目的 观察重型创伤性脑损伤(TBI)患者血清白细胞介素18(IL-18)的含量变化.方法 60例患者随机分成常温治疗组和亚低温治疗组,两组均于伤后第1 d、3 d、7 d 和10d 采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定血清中IL-18 含量.结果 两组IL-18 含量均高于对照组(P ＜ 0.01).亚低温治疗组IL-18 含量在3d、7 d、10d 低于常温治疗组(P ＜0.01),而在伤后第1 d 差异无统计学意义(P ＞0.05).结论 亚低温治疗能够降低sTBI 患者血清IL-18 含量.     

选择性亚低温对急性重型颅脑损伤男性患者红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨选择性亚低温对急性重型颅脑损伤男性患者红细胞免疫功能的影响.方法 急性重型颅脑损伤男性患者60例,平均分为亚低温组和常温组.常温组给予常规综合治疗,亚低温组在常规综合治疗的基础上给予头颈部选择性亚低温治疗.治疗后1、3、5 d分别取静脉血检测红细胞补体受体1(CR1),红细胞C3b受体花环率(RC3bRR)、红细胞C3b受体免疫复合物花环率(RICR).结果 治疗后5 d亚低温组CR1和RC3bRR均明显高于常温组(P<0.05),而RICR明显低于常温组(P<0.05).亚低温治疗后5 d CR1和RC3bRR明显高于治疗后1和3 d(P<0.05),而RICR明显低于治疗后1和3 d(P<0.05).结论 选择性亚低温治疗后可明显提高急性颅脑损伤男性患者红细胞免疫功能,且随治疗时间的延长红细胞免疫功能水平逐渐增强.     

复方黄芪注射液对急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清NSE，MBP和S-100B含量的影响

目的观察复方黄芪注射液对急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE），髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）和S-100蛋白B（S-100B）含量的影响。方法按标准选取急性重型颅脑损伤患者196例，随机分成常规治疗组和黄芪治疗组两组。黄芪治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用复方黄芪注射液治疗。治疗前和治疗后不同时间点分别检测患者血清NES、MBP和S-100B浓度,并行GCS评分，3个月后行GOS评分；同时检测96例健康成人血清的NES、MBP和S-100B的浓度，然后对所得资料进行统计学分析。结果急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清的NES、MBP和S-100B的浓度均显著高于健康成年人（P〈0．05）。治疗后黄芪治疗组血清NSE、MBP和S-100B均低于常规治疗组，差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。黄芪治疗组在入院时的GCS评分与常规治疗组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05），但治疗后1周和2周其GCS评分显著高于常规治疗组（P〈0．05）。治疗3月后其GOS评分显著高于常规治疗组（P〉0．05）。结论黄芪能降低急性重型颅脑损伤患者血清NSE，MBP，S-100B含量，并能改善患者的预后。     

S-100B concentration is not related to neurocognitive performance in the first month after mild traumatic brain injury

The serum concentration of S-100B is reported to reflect the severity of brain damage. The purpose of this study was to determine whether elevated serum S-100B concentrations were related to neuropsychological test performance of patients in the subacute phase of recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). S-100B concentrations were measured in blood samples taken within 6 h after TBI. Serum S-100B was estimated using an immunoluminometric assay. Cognitive speed and memory were assessed with neuropsychological tests at a median of 13 days (range 7-21 days) after injury. The two groups, formed on a median split of initial serum S-100B concentrations (>or<0.22 microg/l) did not differ in age or education. The neuropsychological performance of the TBI patients was also compared with that of a healthy control group. Cognitive speed and memory performance of mild TBI patients were inferior compared to those of healthy subjects. There were no significant differences within the TBI group when serum S-100B concentration was taken into consideration. The findings suggest that serum S-100B levels after mild TBI are not predictive of neuropsychological performance in the subacute stage of recovery.     

Head injury outcome prediction in the emergency department: a role for protein S-100B?

BACKGROUND: Biochemical markers released after head injury may reflect the degree of brain damage, which is related to subsequent disability. If the serum level of a marker were found to be related to outcome, then earlier identification and intervention would be possible. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential of the serum marker S-100B protein to predict the outcome after head injury. METHODS: Blood samples for S-100B concentrations were taken from 148 adults within six hours of a head injury (initial Glasgow coma score 4-15). Patients were recruited from the emergency departments of four hospitals in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom. Outcome was assessed in 119 patients (80%) at one month using the extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOSE). RESULTS: A significant inverse correlation between serum S-100B level and GOSE was found (Spearman's rho = -0.349, p < 0.0001). A serum S-100B concentration of > 0.32 micro g/l predicted severe disability (GOSE < 5) at one month with a sensitivity of 93% (95% confidence interval 68% to 100%), a specificity of 72% (54% to 79%), and a negative predictive value of 99% (93% to 100%). CONCLUSION: Serum S-100B concentration can be used in the emergency department to identify patients with head injury who are most likely to have a poor outcome at one month.     

S—100B，NSE和MBP评估重型颅脑损伤预后的研究

目的 研究重型颅脑损伤后血清S—100B蛋白、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和碱性髓鞘蛋白(MBP）浓度在预后评估中的价值。方法 对2002年1月至2002年12月40例重型颅脑损伤住院病人在伤后12h内进行血清S—100B、NSE和MBP浓度检测，并结合GOS评分进行比较分析。结果 本组40例重型颅脑损伤病人伤后血清S—100B、NSE和MBP浓度均显著高于正常对照组，不同预后组之间S—100B、NSE和MBP浓度存在显著差异。分别以伤后12h血清S-100B浓度2．0μg／L、NSE浓度30ng/ml和MBP浓度10ng/ml为分界标准评估预后，S—100B评估预后的特异度为91％，敏感度72％；NSE特异度为77％，敏感度67％；MBP特异度为63％，敏感度61％。结论 伤后血清S-100B蛋白、NSE和MBP浓度对评估重型颅脑损伤预后具有较高的特异性和敏感性。而S—100B浓度在预后评估中的作用较NSE和MBP更为敏感，特异，因此可作为评估重型颅脑损伤预后的一种可靠的临床指标。     

Effect of hypothermia on serum electrolyte, inflammation, coagulation, and nutritional parameters in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Introduction: We evaluated the effect of induced hypothermia on biochemical parameters in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods: We obtained hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, and serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, glucose, albumin, and C-reactive protein, and prothrombin time, hepaplastin test, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin-III, α2PI, and nitrogen excretion on the day of admission, and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 after the injury in 31 patients with severe head injury who were treated with hypothermia of 33°ranging from 48 to 72 hours. We selected 33 normothermic patients as a control group; these patients were selected from patients who had been treated before hypothermia was used as a treatment modality, by the same criteria for hypothermia therapy. We compared the biochemical markers and rectal temperature and intracranial pressure in the hypothermia group with those in the normothermia group. Outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months after injury. Results: The demographic characteristics, severity, and outcome were similar in the hypothermia and normothermia group. Intracranial pressure was significantly decreased by hypothermia. Serum potassium concentration decreased significantly during hypothermia. White blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels were higher after rewarming in the hypothermia group, and these were also higher in the patients with infectious complications, although the incidence of infectious complications did not differ between the hypothermia and normothermia groups. There were no statistically significant prolongations of activated partial thromboplastin time and no decline in prothrombin time with hypothermia. Platelet count, antithrombin-III, and α2PI did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: Hypothermia of 33° for 48–72 hours does not appear to increase the risk for coagulopathy and infections, although hypothermic patients exhibited significant increments in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and white blood counts after rewarming.     

β-七叶皂苷钠联合亚低温疗法对重型颅脑损伤患者脑组织氧分压影响的临床研究

目的观察β-七叶皂苷钠联合亚低温疗法对重型颅脑损伤患者脑组织氧分压(PbrO2)的影响。方法 60例急性重型颅脑损伤患者,随机分为常规治疗组(对照组)及β-七叶皂苷钠联合亚低温治疗组(观察组)。对两组患者的预后情况进行比较,同时分别测定和比较治疗前及治疗后24 h、48 h、72 h及7 d的PbrO2的变化。结果两组患者的预后及不同时间PbrO2水平的差异有统计学意义。结论β-七叶皂苷钠联合亚低温疗法能够提高重型颅脑损伤患者的PbrO2、改善脑组织代谢。     

Management of minor head injury: the value of early computed tomography and serum protein S-100 measurements

Computed tomography (CT) scan was performed within 6 h in 91 patients with minor head injury (MHI). Eight patients (9%) demonstrated intracranial lesions on CT scan (6 brain contusions, 1 brain edema and 1 extradural hematoma). No patient required craniotomy. In patients with normal CT scan, no complications to the head injury were observed. Patients with intracranial lesions were hospitalized significantly longer (mean 9.4 days) than patients without (mean 1.6 days). In a subgroup of 50 patients with normal CT scan, serum S-100 protein was measured on admission. Elevated S-100 levels were seen in 10 of 50 patients (0.5-2.4 mug/L, mean 1.1). These patients were hospitalized significantly longer (mean 3.4 days) compared to patients with normal CT scan and normal S-100 levels (mean 1.1 days). MHI patients with GCS 14-15 without neurological deficits can safely be discharged when CT scan is normal. Serum protein S-100 measurements appear to provide information about diffuse brain injury after MHI.