2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者心率变异性变化及其与心功能的相关性分析

目的 分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病患者心率变异性(HRV)变化及其与心功能的相关性.方法 选取未合并冠心病的T2DM患者58例(T2DM组)、T2DM合并冠心病患者40例(T2DM合并冠心病组)、健康志愿者30例(对照组)作为研究对象,分析HRV参数[24 h正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、全程相邻RR间期差值的均方根(rMSSD)、全部相邻的RR间期差值大于50 ms的百分数(PNN50)、极低频功率(VLF)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)]与心功能分级、冠状动脉(简称冠脉)病变程度的相关性.结果 T2DM组、T2DM合并冠心病组SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50、VLF、LF、HF低于对照组,T2DM合并冠心病组SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50、VLF、LF、HF低于T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);随着美国纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)分级升高、冠脉病变支数增加,SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50、HF下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);T2DM合并冠心病患者SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50、HF均与NYHA分级呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),rMSSD、PNN50、HF均与冠脉病变程度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).结论 T2DM合并冠心病患者HRV各参数呈下降趋势,且SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50、HF与心功能相关,rMSSD、PNN50、HF与冠脉病变严重程度相关.     

康可对糖尿病自主神经病变者心率变异性的影响

目的：通过比较糖尿病自主神经病变者服用康可前后HRV的变化，以了解康可对HRV的影响。方法：对50例糖尿病自主神经病变的病人在康可治疗前后用动态心电图时域分析法对HRV各项指标进行检测，并与对照组50例进行比较。结果：与对照组比较，代表心率变异程度的SDNN、rMSSD、pNN50均明显下降。治疗组用药后与用药前比较显示，HRV的SDNN、rMSSD、pNN50均有所升高。结论：糖尿病合并自主神经病变者HRV降低，康可能提高心率变异性，改善预后。     

鼻咽癌患者不同放疗剂量下心率变异与心电图改变的研究

目的探讨鼻咽癌患者不同放疗剂量下心率变异性(HRV)、心电图变化情况。方法选取2011年1月至2014年12月行放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者101例,观察患者治疗前及不同放射剂量的放射治疗后心电图、HRV时域[NN间期标准差(SDNN)、NN间期均值标准差(SDANN)、相邻NN间期均值的均方根(r MSSD)和NN相邻间期差值超过50ms的心搏数所占百分比(p NN50)]以及频域[超低频功率(ULF)、极低频功率(VLF)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)、总功率(TP)]指标情况。结果鼻咽癌患者放射治疗前的室上性心律失常、室性心律失常及ST-T改变的发生情况与不同放射剂量治疗后相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与放射治疗前比较,鼻咽癌患者在不同剂量放射治疗后SDNN、r MSSD和p NN50均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但是SDANN比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);患者55~65 Gy放射治疗后SDNN和r MSSD分别为(121.22±21.53)ms和(21.36±6.11)ms,明显低于放射治疗前和15~25 Gy和35~45 Gy放射治疗后(P0.05);不同剂量放射治疗后p NN50比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与放射治疗前比较,鼻咽癌患者不同剂量放射治疗后VLF明显升高,LF、HF及TP的指标明显下降(P0.05),但是ULF放射治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);患者55~65 Gy放射治疗后VLF、LF、HF和TP分别为(12 170.55±388.40)m V、(517.43±125.37)m V、(352.57±102.17)m V和(2 432.81±533.30)m V,均明显低于放射治疗前和15~25Gy和35~45 Gy放射治疗后(P0.05)。结论对鼻咽癌患者进行心电图和心律变异性分析,能间接评价放疗患者的心脏自主神经功能,为临床治疗提供依据。     

康复运动对冠心病患者心脏自主神经功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨有氧运动对冠心病患者心脏自主神经功能的影响。 方法：18例女性冠心病患者（实验组）,14例女性非冠心病患者（对照组）为本研究的受试者,在康复程序前、后,对她们进行了运动前（安静时）和运动后的心率变异性（HRV）指标的测定,其中包括极低频功率（VLF）、低频功率（LF）、高频功率（HF）、总功率（TP）和低高频比值（LF/HF）。 结果：①与对照组相比,实验组康复程序前安静时VLF、LF、HF和TP均显著降低,而LF/HF显著增高（P＜0.01）,运动后也有相似的趋势。②与康复程序前相比,12周心脏康复程序后,实验组安静时VLF、LF、HF和TP均有显著增高,LF/HF有所降低（P＜0.01和P＜0.05）;运动后HF显著增高,LF/HF显著降低（P＜0.05）。③与安静时相比,康复程序前实验组递增负荷运动后心率变异性指标均无显著性改变;康复程序后实验组递增负荷运动后VLF、LF、TP和LF/HF均有显著降低（P＜0.01和P＜0.05）;对照组递增负荷运动后VLF、LF、HF和TP均有显著降低（P＜0.01和P＜0.05）,LF/HF有显著增高（P＜0.01）。 结论：12周运动心脏康复程序不仅可以提高冠心病患者安静时自主神经的调节功能,而且对改善一次急性运动后自主神经的均衡性也有积极作用。     

献血过程中献血者短时心率变异性分析

目的 通过心率变异性分析，观察献血者在献血过程中的自主神经的调节情况，探讨献血相关迷走神经性献血反应的可能性发生机制。方法 用便携式心电记录仪对90例献血者采用FontaineⅠ导联监测献血全过程的心电图，分别对献血前、中、后各阶段进行5 min短时心率变异分析。结果 在献血全过程中，反映交感神经的HRV指标(LF nu)上升，反映迷走神经指标(pNN50、RMSSD、HFnu)下降，交感和迷走神经平衡能力指标(LF/HF)呈上升变化，心率总体变异性指标(SDNN、Total power)下降；不同献血者(初次和重复、男性和女性、18～24岁和≥25岁、献血量<400 mL和献血量400 mL组)在献血前的心率变异性基线水平比较，低年龄(18～24岁)献血者的pNN50、RMSSD、Total power较高，其余各指标差异无统计学意义；不同类型献血者献血中较献血前的HRV指标变化：重复献血者较初次献血者pNN50、HF nu下降幅度更大、LF/HF上升更多；男性献血者比女性献血者RMSSD下降幅度更大；≥25岁献血者较低年龄(18～24岁)献血者LF/HF变化幅度大；400 m...     

螺内酯对急性心肌梗死患者心率变异的影响

目的:观察口服醛固酮受体阻断剂螺内酯对急性心肌梗死患者心率变异的影响。方法:急性心肌梗死患者分为对照组和螺内酯治疗组,对照组给予常规治疗,螺内酯组加用螺内酯40mg1次/d口服,4周后患者行24h动态心电图检查,利用心率变异软件求得其时域、频域指标。结果:螺内酯组患者时域指标SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、PNN50均显著大于对照组(P<0.01);频域指标中低频功率(LF)两组差异无显著性(P>0.05),但螺内酯组高频功率(HF)显著大于对照组,低频功率与高频功率比值(LF/HF)显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:螺内酯对急性心肌梗死患者心率变异存在影响,可保护急性心肌梗死患者受损的自主神经功能。     

慢性心衰患者不同时间心率变异性与短阵室速的相关性研究

[目的]通过延长(72 h)动态心电图监测慢性心衰患者心率变异性(HRV)与非持续性室速(NSVT)并分析其相关性.[方法]选择2016年3月至2016年9月湖南省人民医院老年病科收治的80例慢性心衰患者,对其行连续72 h动态心电图监测,根据是否检出NSVT将其分为NSVT组(n=30)和无NSVT组(n=50),分析组间HRV指标的差异及NSVT与24 h、48 h、72 h的HRV指标间的相关性.[结果]NSVT组中各项时域指标均低于无NSVT组,但两组间仅24 h内全部窦性R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)比较,差异具有统计学差异(P＜0.01);两组频域指标极低频功率(VLF)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),NSVT组LF/HF显著高于无NSVT组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HRV中的各项时域及频域指标在24 h、72 h仅SDNN、LF/HF与NVST显著相关,48 h时SDNN、全程相邻RR间期之差的平方根(rMSSD)、相邻RR间期相差＞50 ms的个数占总心跳数的百分比(PNN50)、LF/HF与NVST显著相关性,仅48 h中SDNN与NSVT成中等程度相关,其余指标与NSVT成低度相关.随着心衰程度的加重,NSVT的检出率呈升高的趋势,而SDNN均值则随之降低,NYHA心功能Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).[结论]通过72 h动态心电图监测发现慢性心衰患者的HRV与NSVT有一定的相关性,SDNN降低及LF/HF升高可作为NSVT的预测因子,从而进一步判断心衰患者的预后.     

Lorenz散点图在慢性心力衰竭患者心率变异性分析中的应用研究

目的探讨洛伦兹(Lorenz)散点图在慢性心力衰竭患者图心率变异性(HRV)分析中的应用。方法回顾性分析2017年9月至2020年9月安庆市立医院收治的34例心力衰竭患者的动态心电图检查资料,作为心衰组;选取同期行动态心电图检查的30例非心力衰竭患者作为对照组。比较2组HRV指标,包括时域频域指标:24 h内相邻窦性R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、相邻5 min R-R均值标准差(SDANN)、相邻R-R间期差值均方根(RMSSD)、相邻R-R间期>50 ms占正常心动周期比例(PNN50)、HRV三角指数;频域指标:高频(HF)、低频(LF)、LF/HF;观察2组Lorenz散点图形态、散点图长度(L)及离散度(D);分析Lorenz散点图测量值与HRV指标的相关性。结果心衰组HRV频域指标SDANN[(73.56±34.309)ms]、HRV三角指数(24.99±10.91)和时域指标LF/HF(1.0)均显著低于对照组[(103.13±23.41)ms、33.26±9.71、1.9],频域指标RMSSD(56 ms)、PNN50(21%)显著高于对照组(30 ms、5%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组Lorenz散点图形态分布比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);心衰组Lorenz散点图测量值D(174.71±74.15)显著低于对照组(222.76±92.69),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,心衰组Lorenz散点图测量值L与D均与HRV频域指标SDNN、PNN50、HRV三角指数呈显著正相关(P<0.05);与HRV时域指标HF、LF呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论慢性心力衰竭患者HRV指标、Lorenz散点图形态与离散度均与非心力衰竭患者有显著差异;Lorenz散点图测量值与HRV指标具有一定相关性。     

冠状动脉病变与心率变异关系的评价

目的 通过冠状动脉造影和心率变异的测定评价冠状动脉病变与心率变异的关系,预测冠心病的预后。方法 对31例冠心病患者根据冠状动脉病变程度和部位进行分组,并与27例健康人比较。结果 冠状动脉病变组所有指标(时域指标SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、SDNN Index、PNN_(50)和频域指标TP、VLF、VF、HF)均明显低于健康组(P<0.05～0.01)。冠状动脉病变组时域指标降低尤为显著。冠状动脉双支、三支病变和严重狭窄时域指标(SDNN、PNN_(50)％)和频域指标(LF、HF)均明显低于病变较轻者(P<0.05～0.01)。冠状动脉不同病变部位之间心率变异指标无明显差异。结论 心率变异指标可以反映冠心病的严重程度和预后。     

冠状动脉介入治疗对冠心病患者心率变异性和QT离散度的动态观察

目的 观察冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)后心率变异性(HRV))及QT离散度(QTd)的长期动态变化规律,评价PCI术后心肌供血改善对HRV及QTd的影响.方法 选择经冠状动脉造影证实并适合行PCI的冠心病患者35例.对入选患者于PCI前,术后1周,1、3、6个月进行HRV及QTd检测.结果 反映HRV时域指标的所有窦性RR间期标准差(SDNN)、第5分钟节段窦性RR间期均值的标准差(SDANN)、连续窦性RR间期差值均方根(rMSSD)、两相邻窦性心动周期差大于50 ms的次数占所有窦性心动周期的百分比(pNN50),PCI前分别为(78.2±21.6)ms、(70.7±18.5)ms、(29.6±11.8)ms、(5.8±2.9)%,PCI后1周和1个月SDNN为(69.7±18.8)ms和(70.9±18.6)ms,SDANN为(65.2±15.9)ms和(66.7±14.6)ms,rMSSD为((22.6±19.2)ms和(23.5±18.8)ms,pNN50为(4.9±2.6)%和(5.1±2.2)%,较术前降低;术后3个月SDNN为(72.9±19.0)ms、SDANN(80.1±16.5)ms、rMSSD(42.2±17.5)ms,较前逐步升高,差异有统计学意义(t=2.49,P<0.05)、pNN50(8.3±2.8)%差异有统计学意义(t=2.52,P<0.05);于6个月时较术前改善最为明显[SDNN(90.5±20.1)ms(t=2.51,P<0.05)、SDANN(90.6±17.5)ms(t=2.62,P<0.05)、rMSSD(48.6±17.8)ms(t=2.66,P<0.05)、pNN50(9.1±2.9)%(t=2.63,P<0.05)].QTd PCI术前为(48±17)ms.术后1周(36±11)ms较术前缩小(t=2.48,P<0.05),1个月后(30±13)ms明显缩小(t=3.17,P<0.01),3个月、6个月时变化不明显.结论 冠心痛患者PCI术前HRV减低,QTd增大.术后动态观察HRV及QTd随时间延长有明显改善.证实PCI术后心肌供血改善,自主神经得到新的平衡,心肌复极的均一性得到改善.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.