宫颈癌新辅助化疗的临床应用

宫颈癌是妇科常见的恶性肿瘤,居于女性恶性肿瘤的第二位,仅次于乳腺癌[1],近年来有年轻化的趋势.宫颈癌的传统治疗方案是根治性手术和放化疗.即Ⅰa～Ⅱb期以手术为主,辅以放疗;Ⅱb期以上以放疗为主,辅以手术和化疗.放疗适用于所有期别的宫颈癌.     

放疗加手术治疗Ⅱ期宫颈癌的疗效分析

目的 对放疗加手术与根治性放射治疗Ⅱ期宫颈癌的效果进行分析。方法 52例Ⅱ期宫颈癌用放疗加手术的方法治疗,另抽取52例同期患者做单纯根治性放疗。结果 放疗加手术组(放+术组)与根治性放疗组(单放组)生存率相似;放+术组的放射并发症明显低于单放组。结论 Ⅱ期宫颈癌的治疗应选择放疗+手术的方法     

宫颈癌不同治疗方法对HPV病毒载量的影响

目的:探讨不同分期及组织分化的宫颈癌患者HPV病毒载量及宫颈癌不同治疗方案对HPV病毒载量的影响。方法:以2007年1月~2010年1月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的宫颈鳞癌患者227例为研究对象,根据临床分期分为根治性手术治疗、根治性放疗及根治性放疗联合增敏化疗3组。采集患者入院时及治疗后宫颈分泌物,应用HCⅡ方法检测HPV病毒载量。结果:227例宫颈鳞癌患者中,HPV感染率为99.11%,经治疗后复查HPV感染率为57.26%。多样本均数方差分析结果表明,各个期别宫颈癌的HPV病毒载量差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05),高分化与中分化宫颈鳞癌的HPV病毒载量差别无统计学意义(P>0.05),而中分化与低分化宫颈鳞癌及高分化与低分化宫颈鳞癌的HPV病毒载量差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);根治性手术、根治性放疗、根治性放疗联合增敏化疗对宫颈癌患者治疗后HPV病毒载量的影响有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:宫颈癌FIGO分期期别越高、组织分化越低,HPV病毒载量越高,根治性手术治疗及联合放化疗能明显降低宫颈癌患者的HPV病毒载量,HPV病毒载量检测可作为宫颈癌的筛查及病情追踪监测的指标。     

Ⅰ、Ⅱ期宫颈癌术后放射治疗37例分析

目的:观察宫颈癌术后放疗的疗效和并发症,探讨宫颈癌术后放疗的作用。方法:对我院1990年1月~2001年12月的37例手术后行放射治疗的宫颈癌患者,通过观察计算其5年生存率,观察治疗并发症等以观察术后放疗的效果。术后放疗方法包括单纯腔内治疗(8例)、单纯体外照射(10例)或体外、腔内联合放疗(19例)。37例中,Ⅰa期8例(21.6%),Ⅰb期12例(32.4%),Ⅱa期8例(21.6%),Ⅱb例(24.3%)。结果:37例中5年生存率为67.6%,其中Ⅰa期为87.5%,Ⅰb期为66.7%,Ⅱa期为62.5%,Ⅱb期为55.6%。治疗后阴道残端复发2例,盆腔复发6例,远处转移2例。术后放疗并发症有:放射性膀胱炎2例(发生率5.4%),放射性直肠炎4例(发生率10.8%),其中直肠阴道瘘1例(发生率2.7%)。结论:高危型Ⅰ、Ⅱ期宫颈癌术后放疗有一定的并发症发生,且疗效仍偏差,尤其是手术范围不够的情况下术后放疗不能显著提高患者的生存率。对于这些病例的治疗方案尚待进一步的研究。     

同步放化疗治疗中、晚期宫颈癌的临床疗效分析

目的探讨同步放化疗治疗中、晚期宫颈癌的临床疗效。 方法采用回顾性分析法分析2012年1月至2013年1月在湖北松滋市人民医院接受治疗的中、晚期宫颈癌患者30例的临床病例资料,按照其治疗方案,将其分别纳入观察组（n=15,接受根治性放疗联合根治性放疗方案）和对照组（n=15,接受单纯根治性放疗方案）（本研究遵循的程序符合本院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象本人的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书）。两组患者年龄、宫颈癌的临床分期及病理学类型等比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。对两组患者的临床治疗效果进行统计学分析。 结果观察组患者的治疗有效率显著优于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);观察组患者的复发率、远处转移率及死亡率均显著低于对照组,差异亦均有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。 结论同步放化疗治疗中、晚期宫颈癌的临床疗效明确,效果较好,可以延长患者的生存时间,提高患者生活质量,临床治疗中、晚期宫颈癌可以优先选择同步放化疗的治疗方案。     

巨块型宫颈癌术前介入化疗与放疗的疗效对比分析

目的比较术前介入化疗与传统放疗治疗Ⅰb～Ⅱa期巨块型宫颈癌的疗效,以探讨Ⅰb～Ⅱa期巨块型宫颈癌术前介入治疗的临床疗效。方法对82例Ⅰb～Ⅱa期巨块型宫颈癌患者分组进行盆腔介入化疗与放疗,经治疗后3周进行宫颈癌根治术,评定两组的疗效。结果介入组比放疗组的宫颈肿瘤消退明显,总有效率(CR PR)%分别为88.1%和70.0%,差异有显著性(P<0.05);介入组与放疗组的淋巴结转移率分别为16.6%和17.5%,差异无显著性(P>0.05);两组的1～3年生存率差异无显著性。结论术前介入化疗治疗可以作为宫颈癌综合治疗的一种有效方法。对Ⅰb～Ⅱa期巨块型宫颈癌有满意的近期疗效。     

单纯放疗、新辅助化疗及同步放化疗治疗宫颈癌临床近期疗效比较

目的对比单纯放疗、新辅助化疗、同步放化疗这几种不同方法治疗宫颈癌的临床效果。方法将100例宫颈癌患者纳入研究,其中有60例患者接受手术治疗,在手术之前为患者开展放化疗治疗,平均将患者分为A、B、C三组,分别接受单纯放疗、新辅助化疗、同步放化疗治疗;40例患者采取非手术方法进行治疗,平均分为甲、乙两组,分别接受单纯放疗和同步放化疗治疗。对比不同治疗方法的效果。结果在术前治疗患者中,A组患者近期治疗有效率低于B、C两组(P0.05),淋巴结节转移率高于B、C两组(P0.05);在非手术治疗患者中,甲组患者肿瘤缩小的程度小于对乙组(P0.05)。结论对于手术患者而言,采取同步放化疗和新辅助化疗的治疗效果好于单纯放疗。对于非手术患者而言,同步放化疗治疗效果好于单纯放疗治疗。     

同时放化疗治疗中晚期宫颈癌疗效分析

目的探讨同时放化疗治疗中晚期宫颈癌的疗效。方法选取2001年12月-2003年6月67例Ⅱb-Ⅳa期宫颈癌患者,随机分为综合组(同时放化疗)和放疗组。放疗组33例外照射加腔内治疗,当放疗剂量达到26~30 Gy时,中间挡铅10×4 cm,用192Ir腔内治疗,每次7.0 Gy,每周两次,共6次,A点剂量68~72 Gy,外照射达到46 Gy时,予宫旁补量6~10 Gy,B点剂量52~56 Gy结束放疗,综合组34例,放射治疗同单纯放疗组,放疗开始给予顺铂(DDP)40 mgiv g tt,d1-d3紫杉醇135 mg/m2iv g tt,d1,放疗期间间隔28 d重复一次化疗。结果放化疗组比单放组的近期疗效明显提高,局部复发率及远处转移率低,3年生存率高,而毒副作用无明显增加。结论同时放化疗可提高中晚期宫颈癌的治疗效果。     

新辅助放疗治疗Ⅱ期宫颈癌的临床观察

目的 总结分析新辅助放疗加根治术治疗Ⅱ期宫颈癌患者的3年、5年生存率和新辅助放疗对手术的影响以及放疗副反应,探讨新辅助放疗在Ⅱ期宫颈癌治疗中的意义。方法 选取山西医科大学第二医院2003年7月至2011年4月收治的Ⅱ期宫颈癌患者109例,其中59例行新辅助放疗(盆腔外照射+腔内后装治疗)休息2到3周后行根治性手术即广泛子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术,50例行根治性放疗。结果 ①新辅助放疗加根治术与根治性放疗两组患者3年、5年生存率:由于随访时间较短,还不能得出有统计学意义的结论。②新辅助放疗对手术的影响:59例患者在接受新辅助放疗后均能顺利行根治性手术,且未增加术中术后并发症。③放疗副反应:新辅助放疗组放疗副反应发生率小于根治性放疗组(P < 0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论 新辅助放疗加根治术可使①肿瘤明显缩小甚至消失,扩大手术适应证、提高手术治愈率。②不增加手术难度及术后并发症。③降低患者近期放疗副反应和远期并发症。④降低癌细胞的活力,减少转移的几率。⑤可取得与传统根治性放疗相近甚至更高的远期生存率。     

新辅助化疗／同步放化疗后病理反应对局部晚期宫颈癌预后的重要性

宫颈癌是危害妇女健康最严重的疾病之一，目前在欠发达国家宫颈癌的死亡率高达70／10000，绝大多数病例在最初诊断时即为IB2-IVA期。已有研究证明接受单纯放疗的患者比接受以顺铂为基础的联合放化疗患者的生存期短，因此。以顺铂为基础的联合放化疗已成为需要放疗的局部晚期宫颈癌的标准治疗方法，有学者研究证实同步放化疗能使患者5年生存率提高12％，新辅助化疗加根治性子宫切除术则能提高15％的5年生存率。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.