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1.
目的 研究注射用重组人成纤维细胞生长因子-21(FGF-21)在食蟹猴体内单次和多次皮下给药后的药代动力学特征。方法 采用随机、平行和剂量递增设计,18只食蟹猴分别单次sc150、300和600 μg/kg的FGF-21或多次sc 300 μg/kg的FGF-21,按设计采集动态血清样本。采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测血清中药物浓度的动态变化,采用DAS 3.2.4药动程序拟合并计算药动参数。结果 食蟹猴单次sc FGF-21后,各剂量组峰浓度Cmax和药时曲线下面积AUC(0-24h)、AUC(0-∞)均随给药剂量的增加而增大,Cmax、AUC(0-24h)和AUC(0-∞)三者均与剂量呈线性相关,各剂量组t1/2ZTmax、CLz和Vz均较为一致。与单次给药相比,食蟹猴多次sc给药后的t1/2z有所延长但其他主要PK参数(Tmax、Vz和CLz等)均较为一致,多次给药后,体内药物无蓄积倾向。结论 食蟹猴单次sc FGF-21后,在150~600 μg/kg剂量范围内呈现线性动力学特征。单次与多次sc给予FGF-21后,两者的PK行为特征基本一致,无明显药物蓄积。  相似文献   

2.
目的 测定连续给予注射用酒石酸长春瑞滨胶束的毒动学参数,并与注射用酒石酸长春瑞滨进行比较。方法 选取16只比格犬随机分为4组,雌雄各半,分别连续iv给予注射用酒石酸长春瑞滨胶束低、中、高剂量(0.29、0.58、1.174 mg/kg)与注射用酒石酸长春瑞滨1.174 mg/kg,建立测定比格犬血浆中酒石酸长春瑞滨浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法,测定血药浓度,采用DAS3.1.4药动学软件计算动力学参数。结果 比格犬iv给予注射用酒石酸长春瑞滨胶束低、中、高3个剂量,血药浓度、AUC(0-tCmax随给药剂量的增加而增大;连续iv给药,低、中、高剂量组动物血药浓度、AUC(0-tCmax在给药第1、29、71天时均变化不大,无明显蓄积倾向。而注射用长春瑞滨胶连续iv给药后随给药时间延长,动物血药浓度、AUC(0-tCmax有上升趋势,AUC(0-t蓄积因子分别为2.08、1.80,Cmax蓄积因子分别为2.58、2.32,均有蓄积倾向。结论 注射用酒石酸长春瑞滨胶束与普通注射用酒石酸长春瑞滨毒动学参数比较,无明显的蓄积倾向,可降低长期服药的毒性风险。  相似文献   

3.
z目的 评价盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液在Beagle犬体内的暴露情况及其对动物的长期毒性研究。方法 建立Beagle犬血浆样品中左氧氟沙星的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法;Beagle犬按分层随机法分为对照组和盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液低、高剂量(20、40 mg/kg,分别为人临床拟用剂量的2.33、4.67倍)组,每组8只。iv给药,对照组iv生理盐水,1次/d,给药期4周,恢复期4周。对Beagle犬首、末次给药后血浆样品进行分析测定,采用Winnolin 6.2.1采用非房室模型法(NCA)判定盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液对受试动物体内毒动学的影响。观察动物一般状态;采用生物机能实验系统,以II导联记录Beagle犬给药前、给药期结束、恢复期结束Beagle犬在清醒状态下的心电图。结果 首次给药后,雄性Beagle犬低、高剂量组Cmax、AUC0-t比值分别为1:1.86和1:2.19,MRT比值为1:1.16,CL_F比值为1:0.77,t1/2比值为1:1.44;末次给药后,低、高剂量组Cmax、AUC0-t比值分别为1:3.73和1:2.24,MRT比值为1:0.87,CL_F比值为1:0.92,t1/2比值为1:0.94。首次给药后,雌性Beagle犬低、高剂量组Cmax、AUC0-t比值分别为1:2.10和1:2.12,MRT比值为1:1.02,CL_F比值为1:0.63,t1/2比值为1:1.05;末次给药后,低、高剂量组Cmax、AUC0-t比值分别为1:1.88和1:1.53,MRT比值为1:0.67,CL_F比值为1:1.47,t1/2比值为1:0.66。盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液低剂量组动物给药第1周内出现困倦(2/8),皮肤水肿、发红(2/8),上睑松弛(1/8),唾液分泌过多(1/8),呕吐(1/8);给药第2~4周出现皮肤水肿(1/8)、发红(1/8);恢复期症状消失;高剂量组动物给药第1、2天出现上睑松弛(1/8),部分动物出现短期或长期的皮肤水肿(4/8)、困倦(5/8)、呕吐或干呕(6/8)、唾液分泌过多(7/8)、鼻有分泌物(2/8)、皮肤发红(2/8);给药第2、3周开始出现肌张力降低(2/8),偶尔出现大小便失禁(4/8);恢复期症状消失。给药前各组心电指标无明显差异。给药结束盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液低、高剂量组心率显著高于对照组(P<0.05、0.01),低、高剂量组PR间期显著低于对照组(P<0.05、0.01);高剂量组QT间期显著低于对照组(P<0.05);恢复期结束高剂量组心率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且作用均呈剂量相关性。结论 不同剂量的盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液在Beagle犬体内存在暴露和蓄积差异;高剂量组雌性Beagle犬药物代谢加快,可能诱导了肝药酶活性,致使药物在体内的暴露减少;供试品高于临床等效剂量给药在给药期间可能发生过敏反应、消化系统损害、全身性损害、神经系统毒性和心血管系统损害,恢复期症状消失。  相似文献   

4.
目的 研究金黄色葡萄糖球菌肠毒素C2改构蛋白(2M-118)在大鼠体内单次和多次给药后的药动学特征。方法 24只大鼠随机分为3组,每组8只,雌雄各半,分别单次iv低、中和高剂量(1、2和4 mg/kg)2M-118,高剂量组大鼠于单次给药后,继续每天给药1次,共给药8次。于给药前(0 h),首次及末次给药后5、10、20、30、45 min和1.0、1.5、2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0 h采集眼静脉丛全血约0.5 mL,制备血清。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测大鼠血清药物浓度,采用DAS 3.2.8药动程序计算药动学参数。结果 大鼠单次iv 2M-118后,在1~4 mg/kg剂量内,峰浓度(Cmax)、初始浓度(C0)和药时曲线下面积(AUC)均与剂量呈正相关;消除相半衰期(t1/2Z)随剂量递增明显延后,平均t1/2z分别为0.24、0.60和1.18 h;表观分布容积(Vz)随剂量递增而增大;各剂量组的清除率(CLz)较为一致。与同剂量(4 mg/kg)单次给药相比,大鼠多次给药后的主要药动学参数基本保持一致,体内药物无蓄积倾向。结论 大鼠单次iv 2M-118后,在1~4 mg/kg剂量内,体内暴露量与剂量呈正相关,其清除可能呈现非线性动力学特征;单次与多次iv给予相同剂量2M-118后,药动学行为特征基本一致,无明显药物蓄积。  相似文献   

5.
目的 采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定SD大鼠血浆中N-[(3-烯丙基-2-羟基)苯亚甲基]-2-(4-苄基-高哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼富马酸盐(SM-1),并计算大鼠重复ig给药的药动学参数,评价SM-1的药动学特征。方法 将60只健康SPF级SD大鼠随机分为阴性对照组、溶媒对照组和SM-1低、中、高剂量组,每组16只动物(阴性对照组和溶媒对照组为6只动物),雌雄各半。每天ig给药1次,各组分别给予水、溶媒或SM-1 50、100、200 mg·kg-1,给药体积10 mL·kg-1,连续给药4周,于首次给药和末次给药阶段进行药动学采血测定。采用经验证的HPLC-MS/MS法测定SD大鼠血浆中SM-1浓度。使用Phoenix WinNonlin 7.0软件进行血药浓度-时间数据分析与药动学参数计算。结果 SD大鼠ig给予SM-1后,在50~200 mg·kg-1剂量,SD大鼠体内的平均峰浓度(Cmax)及药时曲线下面积(AUC0~t)随剂量的增加而增加,各剂量组动物平均Cmax及AUC0~t比值与剂量比相近。连续给药后,低、中、高剂量组均未出现明显的蓄积。雌性大鼠SM-1的暴露高于雄性大鼠。结论 连续给药28 d后,SM-1在大鼠体内未出现明显的蓄积,雌性大鼠SM-1的暴露高于雄性大鼠。  相似文献   

6.
目的 研究甲磺酸多沙唑嗪(Dox)缓释片在Beagle犬体内的药动学,评价其生物等效性。方法 8条健康Beagle犬,采用双周期、双交叉、单剂量分别ig Dox缓释片受试制剂或参比制剂4 mg;建立血浆中Dox液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)检测方法,进行方法精密度、准确度、回收率、基质效应、稳定性方法学验证;测定给药前(0 h)及给药后2、3、4、5、6、8、10、12、14、16、24、36、48、72 h血浆中Dox经时血药浓度,运用DAS3.2.8计算其药动学参数,并评价其生物等效性。结果 LC-MS/MS方法学经验证符合检测要求。主要药动学参数如下:受试制剂与参比制剂的Cmax分别为(29.998 ±3.725)、(31.207 ±5.586) ng/mL,Tmax分别为(11.5 ±2.33)、(11.25 ±1.035) h,AUC0-t分别为(528.549 ±84.526)、(539.852±94.232) ng· h/mL;受试制剂AUC0-t、AUC0-∞Cmax的90%置信区间分别为参比制剂相应参数的84.6%~113.9%、88.6%~107.5%和90.2%~104%,均在80%~125%范围内。结论 Dox缓释片受试制剂与参比制剂生物等效。  相似文献   

7.
目的 运用鸡尾酒法评价石蒜对细胞色素P450酶活性的影响。方法 将大鼠随机分为对照组和石蒜低、高剂量组。对照组给予生理盐水,石蒜低、高剂量组大鼠灌胃给药0.5,1.0 g·kg-1石蒜,连续给药15 d。然后第16天给予探针药物,UPLC-MS/MS检测探针药浓度。结果 与对照组对比,石蒜低剂量组和高剂量组的安非他酮AUC(0-tCmax都显著升高(P<0.05),CLz/F显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组对比,石蒜高剂量组的美托洛尔、咪达唑仑和非那西丁AUC(0-t显著降低(P<0.05)、CLz/F显著升高(P<0.05),而低剂量组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。与对照组对比,石蒜组的甲苯磺丁脲AUC(0-t、CLz/F差异无统计学意义,Cmax显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 石蒜能抑制大鼠CYP2B1酶活性,诱导大鼠CYP2D1、CYP3A2和CYP1A2酶活性,稍有诱导大鼠CYP2C11酶活性的作用。  相似文献   

8.
李瑞  陈颖  陈迅  张自强 《药学研究》2022,41(11):709-712
目的 建立快速测定雄性Beagle犬血浆中黄体酮浓度的方法,用于比较三种黄体酮制剂经肌内注射给药后在犬体内的动力学。方法 以醋酸甲地孕酮为内标,血浆经乙腈沉淀处理后进行HPLC-MS/MS分析。结果 黄体酮制剂经肌内注射给药后,受试制剂与参比黄体酮-油剂的AUCINF_obs、黄体酮-水剂的Cmax无统计学差异(P>0.05),但与参比黄体酮-油剂的Cmax、参比黄体酮-水剂的AUCINF_obs有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 建立的HPLC-MS/MS法可以快速测定血浆中黄体酮浓度,用于评价不同黄体酮制剂之间的差异。  相似文献   

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目的 考察阿哌沙班大鼠体内药动学并评价其与药效学的相关性。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定不同时间阿哌沙班血药浓度并绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,同时测定各时间点凝血酶原时间(PT)延长倍数并绘制药效-时间曲线,对药动及药效进行相关性分析。结果 阿哌沙班以2 mg/kg剂量iv给予大鼠,血药浓度时间曲线下面积(AUC0-∞)、半衰期(t1/2z)分别为(4 016.07±1 160.46)μg·h/L、(2.95±1.59)h;以10 mg/kg剂量ig给药,AUC0-∞t1/2z、峰浓度(Cmax)、达峰时间(tmax)、生物利用度(F)分别为(17 973.48±3 145.30)μg·h/L、(1.52±0.36)h、(4 949.12±615.38)μg/L、(1.00±0.71)h、89.5%。阿哌沙班以10 mg/kg剂量ig给药后0.5~2.0 h可显著延长PT,以各时间点PT延长倍数对血药浓度作图呈良好的线性关系。结论 阿哌沙班大鼠ig给药F高,吸收迅速,延长PT的效应与血药浓度呈现良好的相关性。  相似文献   

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目的 对国产重组人促红素注射液(济脉欣)与进口同类型制剂Eprex®在大鼠体内的药动学进行对比研究,为实现临床替代提供依据。方法 采用125I标记示踪方法测定药物浓度,采用DAS2.0进行药动学参数的计算,在大鼠体内分别进行单次sc 2 000 U/kg济脉欣和Eprex®的血浆药物动力学对比研究、药物组织分布对比研究和尿、粪、胆汁排泄对比研究。结果 大鼠sc相同剂量(2 000 U/kg)的济脉欣和Eprex®后,RA法所得血浆动力学参数:t1/2分别为(15.8±1.67)和(15.6±3.15)h;Cmax分别为(2 527±471)和(2 470±598)mU/mL;tmax分别为(10.3±1.51)和(9.00±2.45)h;AUC0-t分别为(64 196±12 544)和(59 630±9 391)mU/mL·h,TCA-RA法所得血浆动力学参数:t1/2分别为(15.9±4.19)和(16.2±2.45)h;Cmax分别为(2 201±584)和(1 907±517)mU/mL;tmax分别为(10.0±1.27)和(9.00±2.45)h;AUC0-t分别为(53 709±11 992)和(48 519±8 623)mU/mL·h。用RA和TCA-RA法测定济脉欣和Eprex®给药后2、8、24、36 h各主要脏器及组织药物浓度,显示大部分组织在给药后8 h药物含量最大,然后逐渐降低,各主要脏器及组织药物变化趋势与血浆药物消除一致,没有发现蓄积现象。大鼠sc给药济脉欣和Eprex®后,在120 h内从尿中分别可回收到给药总量的75.7%和76.2%,在粪中可回收到给药量的14.7%和14.9%。48 h内胆汁排泄量为11.4%和10.3%。结论 国产重组人促红素注射液济脉欣与国外上市制剂Eprex®大鼠sc给药后,主要药动学参数t1/2tmaxCmax和AUC0-t基本一致,经统计检验无差异;两种制剂在各组织脏器内的暴露以及尿、粪、胆汁排泄对比也无差异。  相似文献   

11.
Mitochondria are extremely active organelles that perform a variety of roles in the cell including energy production, regulation of calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and population maintenance through fission and fusion. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of oxidative stress and mutations can contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD), and Huntington’s diseases (HD). Abnormalities of Complex I function in the electron transport chain have been implicated in some neurodegenerative diseases, inhibiting ATP production and generating reactive oxygen species that can cause major damage to mitochondriaMutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA can contribute to neurodegenerative disease, although the pathogenesis of these conditions tends to focus on nuclear mutations. In PD, nuclear genome mutations in the PINK1 and parkin genes have been implicated in neurodegeneration [1], while mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 have been implicated in a variety of clinical symptoms of AD [5]. Mutant htt protein is known to cause HD [2]. Much progress has been made to determine some causes of these neurodegenerative diseases, though permanent treatments have yet to be developed. In this review, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of these diseases.  相似文献   

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斑马鱼作为一种新型模式低等脊椎动物,具有发育周期短、体外受精、胚胎透明、突变种多等优势,被广泛应用于神经、心血管、消化等方面的研究中。神经退行性疾病包括帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等,近年来发病率不断上升,且有年轻化的趋势,严重影响人们的身体健康和生活质量。因其发病机制复杂,至今仍缺乏治疗此类疾病的方法。本文综述近年来用斑马鱼制作神经退行性疾病模型的主要方式及可行性,为研究神经退行性疾病中斑马鱼模型的选择提供参考。  相似文献   

14.
目的观察FALL-39和头孢他定(CFZ)治疗脓毒血症的疗效。方法从pGEX-1λT-FALL-39转染的E.coli JM109中提纯FALL-39,检测FALL-39对绿脓杆菌(PAG)的杀菌活性。采用更生霉素(AMD)增强BALB/c小鼠对PAG感染的敏感性,建立脓毒血症模型,观察FALL-39和CFZ治疗脓毒血症的疗效。结果FALL-39分子量约5kDa,纯化量约600-650μg,对PAG的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低有效浓度(MEC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为25、100、50μg/ml。盐水组、脓毒血症组、CFZ治疗组、FALL-39治疗组和CFZ+FALL-39治疗组小鼠死亡率分别为0%、75%、62.5%、37.5%和12.5%。结论FALL-39治疗脓毒血症比CFZ更为有效,两者联用效果则更佳。  相似文献   

15.
Clinical pharmacology is concerned with understanding how to use medicines to treat disease. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have provided powerful methodologies for describing the time course of concentration and effect in individuals and in populations. This population approach may also be applied to describing the progression of disease and the action of drugs to change disease progress. Quantitative models for symptomatic and disease-modifying effects of drugs are valuable not only for describing drugs and diseases but also for identifying criteria to distinguish between types of drug actions, with implications for regulatory decisions and long-term patient care.  相似文献   

16.
In an increasingly ageing population, the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer''s disease, Parkinson''s disease and Huntington''s disease are rising. While the aetiologies of these disorders are different, a number of common mechanisms that underlie their neurodegenerative components have been elucidated; namely neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced trophic support. Current therapies focus on treatment of the symptoms and attempt to delay the progression of these diseases but there is currently no cure. Modulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system is emerging as a potentially viable option in the treatment of neurodegeneration. Endocannabinoid signalling has been found to be altered in many neurodegenerative disorders. To this end, pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system, as well as application of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids have been investigated. Signalling from the CB1 and CB2 receptors are known to be involved in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial function, trophic support and inflammatory status, respectively, while other receptors gated by cannabinoids such as PPARγ, are gaining interest in their anti-inflammatory properties. Through multiple lines of evidence, this evolutionarily conserved neurosignalling system has shown neuroprotective capabilities and is therefore a potential target for neurodegenerative disorders. This review details the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and highlights the beneficial effects of cannabinoid treatment.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6  相似文献   

17.
Objective. To design and implement an integrated course dedicated to women''s and men''s health.Design. A women''s and men''s health module that integrated the basic and clinical sciences was developed and implemented as part of the core undergraduate pharmacy curriculum. Instruction included classroom lectures, large- and small-group case discussion, self-directed learning assignments, and case-based simulations with standardized patients, all of which focused on conditions impacting women''s and men''s health.Assessment. Assessment of student learning included multiple-choice and written examinations using case vignettes when possible, evaluation of documentation of patient care process with standardized patient interactions, and group case assignments. Students appreciated the scope of topics, the active-learning opportunities, and use of simulated patients, as well as teaching by experts in the area.Conclusion. A mandatory course in women''s and men''s health was well received by students and ensured that these important issues were addressed in the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum.  相似文献   

18.
苏义林  徐兵  王忠荣 《安徽医药》2017,38(3):304-306
目的 分析腹腔镜辅助下巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的临床疗效。方法 收集2012年7月至2016年6月安徽医科大学附属省立医院收治的14例先天性巨结肠患儿的临床资料,回顾分析腹腔镜下巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的临床疗效。结果 14例先天性巨结肠患儿中,13例全腹腔镜下完成手术,1例中转开腹病例,术后平均住院(8.13±1.32)d,无腹腔镜操作相关的近期并发症,远期随访无污粪和便秘复发。结论 腹腔镜辅助下巨结肠根治术治疗先天性巨结肠安全有效,具有微创效果,值得推广。  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether meeting historical criteria for unsuspected Wernicke''s encephalopathy (WE), largely under-diagnosed in vivo, explains why some alcoholics have severe neuropsychological deficits, whereas others, with a similar drinking history, exhibit preserved performance. Demographic, clinical, alcohol related, and neuropsychological measures were collected in 56 abstinent alcoholics and 38 non-alcohol-dependent volunteers. Alcoholics were classified using the clinical criteria established by Caine et al (1997) and validated in their neuropathological study of alcoholic cases. Our alcoholics who met a single criterion were considered ‘at risk for WE'' and those with two or more criteria with ‘signs of WE''. Whole blood thiamine was also measured in 22 of the comparison group and 28 alcoholics. Of the alcoholics examined, 27% met no criteria, 57% were at risk for WE, and 16% had signs of WE. Neuropsychological performance of the alcoholic subgroups was graded, with those meeting zero criteria not differing from controls, those meeting one criterion presenting mild-to-moderate deficits on some of the functional domains, and those meeting two or more criteria having the most severe deficits on each of the domains examined. Thiamine levels were selectively related to memory performance in the alcoholics. Preclinical signs of WE can be diagnosed in vivo, enabling the identification of ostensibly ‘uncomplicated'' alcoholics who are at risk for neuropsychological complications. The graded effects in neuropsychological performance suggest that the presence of signs of WE explains, at least partially, the heterogeneity of alcoholism-related cognitive and motor deficits.  相似文献   

20.
目的 建立测定原料药4,5,2''-三吗啉酰氧基-2,5''-二氯二苯甲酮(LF1)的含量及有关物质的RP-HPLC方法。方法 采用Diamonsil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,乙腈-磷酸水(60:40,pH3.0)为流动相,检测波长230 nm,体积流量1 mL/min,柱温25℃。结果 主峰与杂质峰分离良好,LF1和杂质A分别在质量浓度1.0~100(r=0.999 8)和0.2~2.4 mg/L (r=0.999 6)线性关系良好,最低检测限分别为1和2 ng/mL,平均回收率分别为100.7%和102.0%。结论 本法简便、快速、准确,可用于LF1原料药的含量及有关物质的测定。  相似文献   

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