Total parenteral nutrition delays platelet engraftment in patients who undergo autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

OBJECTIVES: One of the major challenges in the post-transplant period is nutrition. In this prospective, non-randomized study, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was given to 31 patients and partial parenteral nutrition (PPN) was given to 30 patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for solid tumors or hematologic malignancies to compare the effects of these parenteral nutrition modalities on post-transplant hematological engraftment, blood chemistry, and supportive therapy requirements. METHODS: All patients in the TPN group and 17 patients in the PPN group received growth factor in the post-transplant period. Both groups did not differ with respect to sex, age, and reinfused CD34(+) cell numbers. RESULTS: After transplantation body mass index and body weight decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.001). Whereas serum albumin concentrations did not decrease significantly in the TPN group, it fell markedly in the PPN group at the end of parenteral nutrition (P = 0.019). After parenteral nutrition, blood chemistry was also remarkable for serum urea and glucose levels, which were elevated significantly in the TPN group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). Patients receiving TPN had a higher incidence of positive microbial cultures and clinical infection than did patients receiving PPN (64.5% versus 40%, P = 0.05). The most striking result was a delay in platelet engraftment for the TPN group compared with the PPN group (15.54 and 12.93 d, respectively; P = 0.014). This difference was also noted in patients using growth factor in the PPN group (P = 0.017). Parallel to these results, platelet transfusion requirement increased in the TPN group compared with the PPN group (1.93 versus 1.16 U, P = 0.004). Both groups were unremarkable for leukocyte recovery and red blood cell transfusion requirement. CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, TPN has some pitfalls of hyperglycemia, infection tendency, delayed platelet engraftment, and increased platelet transfusion requirement. Therefore, it should not be used as a standard nutrition support for patients undergoing autotransplantation.     

进展期胃癌术后早期肠内-肠外营养联合应用与肠外营养的临床比较

目的探讨进展期胃癌术后早期肠内营养和肠外营养联合应用的可行性、安全性和临床效果。方法62例进展期胃癌患者术后第一天随机分为(1)肠外营养(PN)组;(2)肠内和肠外联合营养(EN-PN)组;(3)对照组。观察在治疗过程中3组患者并发症的发生率、术后肠功能恢复时间、平均住院天数及营养评定的各项指标,进行对比分析。结果对照组并发症发生率明显高于EN-PN组和PN组(P<0.05)。对照组术后胃肠功能恢复时间及平均住院天数较EN-PN组和PN组明显延长(P<0.05),而EN-PN组与其余两组比较显著缩短(P<0.05)。EN-PN组和PN组术后血清白蛋白、前白蛋白和转铁蛋白在营养支持后均明显升高(P<0.05),体重下降缓慢,负氮平衡均得到有效纠正。结论进展期胃癌术后早期肠内营养及肠外营养联合应用安全、可行,在改善机体营养状况方面与全肠外营养相似,并有促进和维护胃肠道功能的作用,同时费用较低。     

肉碱对腹部术后接受肠外营养老年患者血脂和肝功能的影响

目的评价补充肉碱对腹部术后接受肠外营养的老年患者血脂和肝功能的影响。方法采用前瞻、盲法、随机和对照的方法，符合入选标准的24例老年患者接受腹部手术后，给予6d等氮等热量的肠外营养，脂肪由长链脂肪乳提供，研究组补充肉碱（50mg／kg），观察研究组和对照组术后脂代谢和肝功能变化及临床结局。结果补充肉碱的研究组术后4和7d的血浆三酰甘油水平均较对照组有降低的趋势，但两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），两组术后4d和术前的差值比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05），两组术后肝脏功能的变化和临床结局差异无统计学意义。结论创伤后接受肠外营养的老年患者补充肉碱，可以改善三酰甘油代谢，可能有益于肝功能的修复。     

肠外营养支持在造血干细胞移植中的应用

目的：观察造血干细胞移植中应用肠外营养支持以补充口服营养不足的疗效。 方法：对１０例造血干细胞移植病人于移植后第２天开始给予肠外营养支持治疗,并观察临床症状改善、体重及血清白蛋白增加、骨髓造血恢复等情况。 结果：全组病人使用肠外营养后临床症状缓解,体重及血清白蛋白较前明显增加,均获造血重建及造血干细胞移植成功。 结论：肠外营养支持加口服饮食是造血干细胞移植中迅速改善病人的营养状况、顺利度过骨髓空虚     

Prediction of whole blood selenium levels in patients on long-term parenteral nutrition

In an attempt to define clinical variables which might predict the whole blood selenium level prior to supplementation, whole blood selenium levels were determined in 21 home parenteral nutrition patients who were not receiving selenium supplementation. These levels were examined for possible correlations by single and multivariant analysis with the following clinical parameters: age at initiation of home parenteral nutrition, months of home parenteral nutrition received, hematocrit, albumin, estimated length of remaining small bowel, kilocalories per kilogram actual body weight infused per day, grams protein per kilogram actual body weight infused per day, and multiple of ideal body weight. Of all the combinations of variables examined, the best correlation obtained was between whole blood selenium levels and the total kilocalories per kilogram body weight per day delivered intravenously (r = -0.89, p less than 0.001). A statistically significant correlation (r = -0.67, p less than 0.01) was also observed between selenium levels and the grams protein per kilogram actual body weight infused per day. However, inclusion of this or additional variables did not increase the predictive value of the equation describing whole blood selenium levels as a function of the calories delivered. The implication of this study is that patients requiring more intensive nutritional support develop lower selenium levels during the course of treatment. Despite these correlations, no single clinical parameter or combination of parameters, however, was of sufficient predictive value to preclude laboratory determination of whole blood selenium values in deciding which patients might benefit from selenium supplementation.     

肠内营养或肠外营养对结直肠癌患者术后脏器功能和排气时间的影响

目的 探讨早期肠内营养或肠外营养在结直肠癌术后应用对患者脏器功能和排气时间的影响.方法 将30例患者随机分为肠内营养支持组和肠外营养支持组,两组均给予等热量等氨基酸的营养支持至术后第7天.检测术前、术后脏器功能指标,观察胃肠功能恢复时间及并发症发生率.结果 肠内营养组术后平均住院时间、总胆红素较肠外营养组显著减少(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).并发症两组比较差异无显著性.结论 结直肠癌术后期实施肠内营养是安全可行的,有助于促进患者胃肠功能康复,减少手术后住院时间,减少费用.     

双腔袋肠外营养注射液在胃肠术后应用的安全性评价

目的对双腔袋肠外营养注射液(PN-Twin)在胃肠手术后应用的安全性进行回顾性评价。方法36例胃肠手术后患者分别按使用PN-Twin(2000ml/天)或3升袋“全合一”肠外营养液分为双腔袋组和3升袋组,观察两组患者用药期间的生命体征、不良反应、感染性并发症以及治疗前后的体重改变,检测术前1天和术后1、3、6天的血电解质、血糖、肝、肾功能、血红蛋白及血清内脏蛋白等指标。结果两组患者术后生命体征平稳,未发现腹泻、恶心、呕吐等不良反应和感染性并发症,两组治疗前后的体重改变无显著性差异(P=0.67)。双腔袋组和3升袋组术后血电解质、肝、肾功能指标基本正常,两组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。双腔袋组术后血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平与3升袋组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),两组血糖均控制在10mmol/L以下。结论胃肠手术后患者短期经中心静脉输注PN-Twin是安全的。     

肠内和肠外联合阶段性营养对重症急性胰腺炎患者治疗效果的影响

目的观察肠内和肠外联合阶段性营养对重症急性胰腺炎患者治疗效果的影响。方法重症急性胰腺炎患者45例分为完全胃肠外营养组（TPN组，n=25）和肠内营养加肠外阶段性营养组（PN＋EN组，n=20）。观察两组治疗结果以及临床指标的变化。结果营养支持后PN＋EN组的APACHEⅡ评分和CT评分均显著低于TPN组（P〈0．01）。营养支持两周后两组患者的血糖、血清淀粉酶和血肌酐水平均较营养支持前显著下降（P〈0．01），血清白蛋白、总蛋白、血钙水平均较营养支持前显著升高（P〈0．01），但是两组的各项指标比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。PN＋EN组患者的感染并发症发生率显著低于TPN组（P〈0．01），平均住院天数也显著短于TPN组（P〈0．01）。结论肠内和肠外联合阶段性营养支持方式的疗效优于完全胃肠外营养，对重症急性胰腺炎的治疗起了积极作用。     

Clinical and immunologic effects of lipid-based parenteral nutrition in AIDS.

The effect of lipid-based parenteral nutrition was assessed in eight patients with AIDS and weight loss of 10% or greater. All patients received home parenteral nutrition consisting of a lipid-based system with 50% of nonprotein calories given as fat. Measurements were made of body weight, serum albumin, and immune function as assessed by mitogen responses, P24 antigen levels and T-cell counts. Over a period of 2 months, weight gain and improved well-being were noted in all patients. An improved in vitro lymphocyte mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and to concanavalin A was also noted. No change in T-cell subsets was observed. Viral cultures and P24 serum levels also remained unchanged. Lipid-based parenteral nutrition is safe and probably efficacious in AIDS.     

老年颅脑损伤病人早期肠内营养支持的应用研究

目的：评价早期胃肠道营养支持在老年颅脑损伤治疗中应用的安全性和有效性。方法：将31例老年颅脑损伤病人随机分为肠内营养支持组（n=16)和肠外营养支持组（n=15)，在营养支持前一天及营养支持后测血清白蛋白，血糖，肝肾功能，电解质，每天观察相关并发症情况。结果：与肠外营养比，早期肠内营养病人血清白蛋白水平增加，GPT和血糖减低，并发症少。结论：老年颅脑损伤病人实施肠内营养支持是安全和有效的，优于肠外营养。     

低热量肠外营养加生长激素对严重应激和重度营养不良病人的治疗体会

目的：观察生长激素加强危重病人应用全肠外营养支持的效果。方法：对严重应激（７例）和重度营养不良（９例）共１６例病人采用低热量肠外营养加重组生长激素联合治疗，并与仅用ＴＰＮ治疗的同类病人作对照研究，治疗后分别测定体重、血清白蛋白，前白蛋白和转铁蛋白及免疫球蛋白，计算氮平衡，观察精神状态。结果：治疗组比对照组在氮平衡、前白蛋白和转铁蛋白有明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０１），血清白蛋白，免疫球蛋白亦有明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５），精神状态普遍较好，获得了较好的临床疗效。结论：低热量肠外营养加重组生长激素联合治疗是机体病理状态下一种较为理想的营养支持方法     

卵巢癌早期营养支持对前白蛋白等影响的初步观察

目的 探讨卵巢癌早期应用肠外（PN）与肠内（EN）联合营养支持的临床有效性。方法 38例卵巢癌患者随机分为肠外、肠内联合营养组（PN—EN组）和对照组。两组采用不同方式营养给予，PN-EN组由短期肠外营养逐渐过渡为肠内营养，对照组采用常规糖、盐水输液。测定术前、术后2周营养指标：血清前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、体重。观察术后胃肠功能恢复及术后并发症等情况。结果 PN-EN组在术后2周测定的血清前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、体重均明显高于对照组（P〈0．001，P〈0．05）。PN-EN组胃肠功能恢复时间及住院天数较对照组明显缩短，手术后并发症低于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．001）。结论 卵巢癌患者早期给予肠外与肠内营养，符合人体生理要求、安全可行，对机体营养状况有明显改善，是卵巢癌手术后患者首选的合理营养支持方式。     

Assessment of Body Composition as an Indicator of Early Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition Therapy in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Surgery in an Enhanced Recovery Program

Background: A poor body composition (BC) has been identified as a risk factor for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was performed to assess the effect of early peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) on BC in patients undergoing CCR surgery within an enhanced recovery program. Methods: Patients with normal nutritional status were prospectively included between October 2016 and September 2019, randomized into two groups (PPN with periOlimel N4-E versus conventional fluid therapy) and subsequently classified according to their preoperative CT scan into high- or low-risk BC groups. Postoperative complications and length of hospital stay (LOS) were assessed. Results: Of the 156 patients analyzed, 88 patients (56.4%) were classified as having high-risk BC according to CT measurements. PPN led to a 15.4% reduction in postoperative complications in high-risk vs. 1.7% in low-risk BC patients. In the multivariate analysis, high-risk BC was related to an OR (95% CI) of 2 (p = 0.044) of presenting complications and of 1.9 (p = 0.066) for major complications, and was associated with an increase in LOS of 3.6 days (p = 0.039). Conclusions: The measurement of patients’ BC can allow for the identification of target patients where PPN has been proven to be an effective tool to improve postoperative outcomes.     

The Subjective Global Assessment Predicts In-Hospital Mortality Better than Other Nutrition-Related Risk Indexes in Noncritically Ill Inpatients Who Receive Total Parenteral Nutrition in Spain (Prospective Multicenter Study)

Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is associated with an increased risk of death and complications. The purpose of this study was to determine which nutrition-related risk index predicts mortality better in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. This prospective, multicenter study involved noncritically ill patients who were prescribed total parenteral nutrition. Data were collected on Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Nutritional Risk Index, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, body mass index, albumin and prealbumin, as well as in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and infectious complications. Of the 605 patients included in the study, 18.8% developed infectious complications and 9.6% died in the hospital. SGA, albumin, Nutritional Risk Index and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index were associated with longer hospital stay. Prealbumin levels were associated with infectious complications. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed (after adjustment for age, sex, C-reactive protein levels, mean blood glucose levels, use of corticoids, prior comorbidity, carbohydrates infused, diagnosis, and infectious complications) that the SGA, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, body mass index, albumin, and prealbumin were associated with an increased risk for in-hospital mortality. SGA was the tool that best predicted mortality and adequately discriminated the values of the other nutrition-related risk indexes studied. The SGA is a clinically effective and simple tool for nutrition assessment in noncritically ill patients receiving total parenteral nutrition and detects the risk of inpatient mortality better than others.     

早期肠内营养对急性重症胰腺炎炎症介质及营养指标的影响简

目的：探讨早期肠内营养对急性重症胰腺炎患者炎症介质、营养指标及临床恢复的影响。方法2006年1月至2010年3月收治的急性重症胰腺炎患者患者59例,随机分成早期肠内营养组31例,肠外营养组28例,观察上述两组治疗后1、3、7天血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、前白蛋白、清蛋白的水平;外周血淋巴细胞数;并观察两组血清淀粉酶恢复时间,全身炎性反应综合征（ Systemic infammactery response syndrome ,SIRS）、腹腔脓肿及肝功能异常例数,治疗费用等指标的差异。结果早期肠内营养组治疗后3、7天血清TN F-α、IL-1β浓度明显低于肠外营养组（ P＜0．05）,前白蛋白、清蛋白的水平、外周血淋巴细胞数明显高于肠外营养组（P＜0．05）,治疗费用低于肠外营养组（P＜0．05）,两组血清淀粉酶恢复时间,SIRS、腹腔脓肿及肝功能异常例数无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论早期肠内营养在改善急性重症胰腺炎患者营养状态方面明显优于肠外营养,有利于提高机体的抗感染能力和各系统机能的恢复,是可靠、安全、经济的营养支持手段。     

Concurrent administration of albumin with total parenteral nutrition in sick newborn infants.

The effects of concurrent administration of albumin with total parenteral nutrition were studied in 12 premature newborns (birth weight 1.26 +/- 0.1 kg [mean +/- SEM] and gestational age 30 +/- 0.8 weeks [mean +/- SEM]) compared with a control group of 12 premature newborns (birth weight 1.17 +/- 0.2 kg and gestational age 29 +/- 0.1 weeks) who received total parenteral nutrition. All newborns had a plasma albumin level below 3 g/dL and were in cardiorespiratory distress requiring assisted ventilation. Albumin supplementation of total parenteral nutrition resulted in a sustained increase in serum albumin concentration as well as increased mean arterial blood pressures in the study group. Slow albumin infusion had no observed effect on the severity of respiratory distress. Study group infants regained birth weight earlier than control group infants. These data suggest that the concurrent administration of albumin may be clinically beneficial in critically ill newborn infants.     

Serum albumin as indicator of clinical evolution in patients on parenteral nutrition. Multivariate study

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study is to establish whether serum albumin concentration at the beginning of parenteral nutrition is related to morbidity and mortality. METHODS: In this cohort study spanning four years, a number of patients were classified into twelve groups, depending on their clinical status at the beginning of parenteral nutrition. Their serum albumin concentration and other clinical parameters were then measured and twelve multiple logistic regression models were thus generated in order to model the relationship between initial albumin concentration and risk of morbidity/mortality. RESULTS: 1953 (84%) of the 2321 patients studied were hypoalbuminemic. In six models, this condition was associated with a significant increase in the risk of nosocomial infection. However, no model could be associated to significant risk of renal failure, and only patients with previous hepatopathy were at risk for hepatic failure. In seven models, there was a significant increase in mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Serum albumin concentration at the beginning of parenteral nutrition is related to mortality and morbidity associated with nosocomial infection in some groups of the study.     

早期微量喂养联合静脉营养在低出生体重儿中的应用

目的：观察早期微量喂养联合静脉营养在低出血体重儿中的应用效果。方法：54例低出生体重儿中24例给予早期微量喂养联合静脉营养，另30例给予早期单纯静脉营养。观察体重变化、需要静脉营养时间、住院时间等，监测血清胆红素、血脂、肾功能改变。结果：早期微量喂养联合静脉营养组低出生体重儿静脉营养时间和住院时间明显缩短，体重明显增加。出生7天血清胆红素、肌酐均低于单纯静脉营养组，而14天两组血清胆红素、血脂、肾功能指标均有显著差异。结论：早期微量喂养联合静脉营养可缩短病程，明显增加体重，使低出生体重儿尽早适应胃肠喂养，同时对肝、肾功能的影响较小。     

生长激素在儿童心脏术后的应用

目的 :探讨儿童心脏术后有效的营养支持方法。　方法 :6 0例病儿分两组 ,试验组 4 0例 ,对照组 2 0例 ,全部病例均于术后常规补液、进食 ,试验组术后 4 8h皮下开始注射金磊生长激素 0 .2u/ (kg·d) ,连用 7天。膳食由营养科管理 ,术后的前 3天给予含高蛋白、高维生素的半流质饮食 ,3天后逐渐过渡到软食。监测指标为体重、上臂肌围、肱三头肌皮皱厚度、尿肌酐浓度、血清转铁蛋白、前白蛋白、免疫球蛋白、血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白及红细胞计数。　结果 :试验组术后体重增加或保持术前水平的占 5 2 .5 % ,对照组占 2 0 .0 % ,两组比较有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;试验组术后 6天 2 4h肌酐排出量、血清前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白与对照组比较 ,均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论 :心脏术后在常规使用营养支持的情况下 ,加用生长激素 ,可以促进机体有效利用营养物质 ,增加蛋白质的合成 ,有利于提高机体免疫功能。     

A comparison of immediate post-operative enteral and parenteral nutrition in patients with gastric carcinoma

Fourteen patients with gastric carcinoma were studied in the first post-operative week following the administration of immediate post-operative nutrition. Eight received Clinifeed ISO^® enteral feed and six received parenteral nutrition (TPN) (Vamin-glucose, dextrose and Intralipid^®). Plasma albumin and transferrin concentrations decreased post-operatively in both groups, but did not differ significantly between the groups. Positive nitrogen balance was achieved on the fifth post-operative day in the enteral group and on the first post-operative day in the TPN group. There were no significant differences in the pre and post-operative weights and anthropometric measurements in either group. One patient in each group developed a subphrenic abscess, six patients in the enteral group experienced nausea and diarrhoea and two of these also vomited. The results indicate that immediate post-operative enteral nutrition is accompanied by a degree of negative nitrogen balance because a 3 day ‘build up’ period is necessary to achieve a full intake and with a higher incidence of minor gastro-intestinal complications which are easily controlled.