典型相关分析在微量元素与精液质量关系研究中的应用

目的 应用典型相关分析的方法,分析中国成年男性血清微量元素锌、铜、锰、铅、镉与精液常规指标之间的关系.方法 2001年1月至2004年12月在河北、河南、山西、贵州、浙江和山东六省招募年龄在20 ～ 59周岁之间的合格研究对象,对其进行问卷调查、外生殖器检查、精液分析和血清微量元素检测.共纳入合格的研究对象1179例.采用典型相关分析方法探索血清微量元素与精液质量的关系.结果 调整地区因素后,第一对和第二对偏典型变量的相关系数有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两对典型变量的累计贡献率为93.79％.偏典型相关分析显示血清铜、锰与精子存活率呈正相关,与前向运动精子率呈负相关;血清锌、铅与精子密度和正常形态精子率呈正相关.结论 在非职业接触成年男性中,血清锌、铜、锰与精液质量常规指标有一定的相关关系;未发现铅、镉对精液质量有不良影响.     

武汉市健康儿童头发与血清中七种微量元素和镁的含量

作者对武汉市210例7～12岁健康儿童头发和血清中锌、铜、铁、锰、铬,硒、镉七种微量元素和镁的含量及其影响因素进行了研究,其中硒采用阴极溶出伏安法测定,其它元素采用原子吸收光谱法。结果表明,发铜男低女高,性别差异显著;发锌和锰与年龄呈显著正相关,发镉则呈负相关,这种年龄差异反映出各年龄对微量元素的需要量不同;学龄期组与学龄前期组和青少年组比较,发锌随年龄增加而增加,发铬和硒随年龄增加而减少。逐步回归分析结果表明,头发和血清微量元素含量之间有一定关系,其中发锌与血清锌呈显著正相关;身高与发锰、发铁和发锌以及体重与血清铜之间存在一定的回归关系,提示这些元素对身高和体重发育有一定影响。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者体内微量元素含量及相关性分析

目的 分析Ⅱ型糖尿病患者体内11种微量元素的含量状况;初步探讨各种微量元素之间的相互作用.方法 选择来医院就诊的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者作为病例组,并按照有无并发症分为单纯Ⅱ型糖尿病组(单纯组)87人和Ⅱ型糖尿病合并并发症组(并发症组)88人;同时选择来医院进行健康体检人员94人作为对照组.用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)检测研究对象血液中11种微量元素,并分析其体内微量元素的相互关系.结果 病例组较对照组:血清铁、铜、铜/锌、铬、钴、锰、镉水平升高,血清硒、锌水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血清钼、铅、锂水平在3组间差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).病例组与对照组相比,铬-镉、铁-镉、锰-镉、铁-铜、锰-铜、铜-锂相关性升高,铅-镉相关性降低,锰-锌相关性由负变为正.结论 Ⅱ型糖尿病患者体内某些微量元素在代谢上发生了改变,使得患者体内微量元素紊乱.     

血清中Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cd、Pb、Co的原子吸收测定法

1主题内容与适用范围 受中国微量元素科学研究会委托研究人发、血清的统一分析方法，经一年多专家教授努力工作现予以公布。血清中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴的测定方法。推荐该法，适用于血清中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴的测定。     

中国年轻男性精液质量与血清重金属含量的典型相关分析

目的:了解中国年轻男性的精液质量与血清重金属含量的相关关系。方法 研究对象为1998年12月至1999年12月在上海、河南、浙江、山西、青岛、河北、贵州七省市妇保所进行婚检的正常男性志愿者529例。结果 调整地区因素后铅、镉与正常形态精子率存在负相关；但精液质量与血清重金属两组指标间的典型相关关系不明显。有两个省(河南、贵州)的典型相关分析结果有显著性，显示镉含量对正常形态精子率有不良影响；锰对精液质量的影响不明显；精子数量指标与血清重金属的关系不明显；河南的结果还表明铅影响精子的存活和形态。结论 总体而言，精液质量与血清重金属之间的典型相关关系不明显。但局部地区典型相关分析发现血清铅、镉可能对精子质量有不良影响．     

健康战士血清微量元素含量测定

为了解部队驻地生活环境对战士血清微量元素含量的影响,我们对某部308名健康战士进行血清微量元素含量测定,结果报告如下:1 材料和方法 (1)对象:选择在驻地居住1年以上,近期内无急慢性疾病及特殊微量元素摄入的男性战士,年龄18～30岁.(2)测定方法:一次性注射器抽取静脉血5ml,分离血清,用GFU-202型原子吸收光谱仪测定各元素的含量.其加标回收率分别为:铜99.57%,锌84.50%,铁103.80%,铅94.38%,镉96.50%,铬97.50%,锰     

审定会议纪要

2005年8月14日由中国微量元素科学研究会理事会主持并组织研究会专家组参加的人发和血清中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴的原子吸收测定方法标准和中国居民头发和血清中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴、砷、硒、锶、汞元素正常参考值范围标准的审定会，对以上标准进行了审定。     

人发中Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cd、Pb、Co的原子吸收测定法

1 主要内容与适用范围 本文受中国微量元素科学研究会委托研究人发、血清的统一分析方法，经一年多专家教授努力工作现予以公布。人发中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴的测定方法。推荐该法，适用于人发中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴的测定。     

子宫颈癌患者血清微量元素水平变化的探讨

目的:探讨血清微量元素的含量与子宫颈病变的关系。方法:采用原子吸收分光光度法对经组织病理学确诊的120例子宫颈病变患者血清铜、铁、锌、锰等进行测定并与健康女性30例进行对照。结果:子宫颈癌组血清中铜、铁、锌的含量与子宫颈内瘤变组、健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),铜含量上升,铁和锌含量下降,镉含量略升高,锰含量略降低;子宫颈癌组血清中铅、钙含量与子宫颈内瘤变组、健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),结论:血清微量元素表达与子宫颈病变的发生发展有关,为子宫颈癌的防治提供了新的思路。     

母乳中重金属等微量元素状况分析

目的:调查和比较厦门市与保定市母乳中微量元素(铅、镉、锌、铜、锰)含量,分析其影响因素。方法:2008年6~10月间采用简单随机方法抽取厦门市妇幼保健院和保定市妇幼保健院的产妇各200名,填写孕期健康影响因素调查问卷,对母乳中微量元素含量进行分析检测。结果:厦门市和保定市母乳中铅、镉、锌、铜、锰、汞中位数水平分别为7.98μg/L、0.43μg/L、7 163.00μg/L、614.75μg/L、23.81μg/L、2.18μg/L和4.42μg/L、0.26μg/L、6 341.00μg/L、450.25μg/L、27.93μg/L、1.92μg/L。除锰外,厦门市母亲初乳中铅、镉、锌、铜元素含量均显著高于保定市(P<0.01),z值分别为:铅-5.916,镉-4.507,锌-3.047,铜-6.105;保定市母乳中锰显著高于厦门市(z=-2.090,P<0.05)。应用多元Lo-gistic回归发现,产妇食用海鱼均进入了铅、汞、镉、锌、铜的回归方程;乳汁铅与孕期食用鸡蛋、海鱼及身高矮小有关;乳汁镉与食用海鱼多有关;乳汁汞与食用海鱼及蟹类多有关;近3年有过装修、食用海鱼多及阴道分娩乳汁锌含量高;乳汁铜与食用海鱼多、婴儿出生体重大、产妇身高矮小及婴儿出生身长短有关;锰则与家庭附近有污染厂,妊娠期间使用口红,食用豆类产品有关。结论:厦门和保定两市产妇初乳中各种微量元素含量存在差异,与饮食习惯和环境污染等因素有关。     

Trace elements in blood and serum of Swedish adolescents: relation to gender,age, residential area,and socioeconomic status

The influence of gender, age, residential area, and socioeconomic status on the blood and serum levels of 13 trace elements was studied in boys and girls living in two Swedish cities with different socioeconomic and environmental characters. The same groups of adolescents were sampled twice, at ages 15 (n=372) and 17 (n=294) years. All the investigated factors were shown to be of importance. Age was important for most elements; e.g., copper levels in both blood and serum increased in girls, and selenium increased in serum from both genders. Lead decreased approximately 10% in blood from the first to the second sampling, and cadmium increased in blood, however not in nonsmokers. The age factor may also reflect temporal changes in environmental exposure, especially for nonessential elements. Girls had higher levels of cobalt and copper, while lead in blood was higher in boys. Smoking girls had higher copper levels than nonsmoking girls. Residential area influenced all elements. The teenagers with university-educated mothers had higher levels of cadmium in blood than those with only primary school-educated mothers.     

Concentration, Distribution, and Comparison of Selected Trace Elements in Bed Sediment and Fish Tissue in the South Platte River Basin, USA, 1992–1993

During August–November 1992 and August 1993, bed sediment and fish liver were sampled in the South Platte River Basin and analyzed for 45 elements in bed sediment and 19 elements in fish liver. The results for aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, selenium, silver, uranium, and zinc are presented here. All 12 trace elements were detected in bed sediment, but not all were detected in fish liver or in all species of fish. A background concentration of trace elements in bed sediment was calculated using the cumulative frequency curves of trace element concentrations at all sites. Arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, silver, uranium, and zinc concentrations were greater than background concentrations at sites in mining areas or at sites that have natural sources of these elements. Trace element concentrations in fish liver generally did not follow the same patterns as concentrations in bed sediment, although concentrations of aluminum and cadmium were higher in fish liver collected at mountain sites that had been disturbed by mining. Concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, silver, and zinc increased in bed sediments in urban areas. Iron, silver, and zinc concentrations in fish liver also increased in urban areas. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, silver, and zinc in fish liver increased in the agricultural areas of the basin. Downstream changes in trace element concentrations may be the result of geological changes in addition to changes in land use along the river. Received: 5 April 1996/Revised: 27 July 1996     

Iron status influences trace element levels in human blood and serum

Food is the main source of trace elements for the general population. The gastrointestinal absorption of certain trace elements, e.g., cadmium, is strongly influenced by iron (Fe) status. This factor may also be relevant for the bioavailability of other trace elements. Therefore, we investigated relationships between Fe status indicators and trace element concentrations in blood and serum of 234 boys and girls at ages 15 and 17 years. Fe status was measured using serum ferritin (S-Ft), soluble transferrin receptor in serum (sTfR), and the ratio sTfR/S-Ft. The trace elements we investigated were, in blood, cadmium, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, rubidium, mercury, and lead, and, in serum, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, rubidium, tungsten, mercury, and lead. We found inverse correlations between Fe status and blood cadmium, blood or serum cobalt, or blood copper. There were positive correlations between Fe status and mercury concentrations. Selenium was positively correlated with sTfR. The relationships between Fe status and lead were equivocal. There were fewer correlations for serum than for blood, but the inverse relationships between Fe status and cobalt were equally strong in serum and blood. We found only occasional, and perhaps spurious, correlations with zinc, rubidium, and tungsten. In conclusion, previous indications that cadmium, cobalt, and copper are absorbed by transport mechanisms similar to that of Fe are supported by this study. Strong positive correlations between Fe status and mercury concentrations remain to be explained.     

轮状病毒肠炎患儿血清微量元素变化及与病情的关系研究

目的:了解轮状病毒肠炎患儿锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、锰、铅等微量元素状况。方法:随机选取173名轮状病毒肠炎患儿纳入研究,同时选择同期保健门诊健康儿童作为正常对照组,分别测定研究对象血清锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、锰、铅等的水平。结果:轮状病毒肠炎组患儿血清锌、铁、铜、钙、镁以及锰的水平显著低于正常对照组患儿(P<0.05),但是血清铅水平则无明显组间差异(P>0.05)。轮状病毒肠炎患儿血清锌、铁以及钙的水平与Vesikari病情评分呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而铜、镁、锰和铅水平则与病情评分无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论:轮状病毒肠炎患儿可能存在常见微量元素代谢的改变,临床工作中需要对该类患儿进行微量元素监测。     

ICP-AES测定花粉中10种微量元素的方法研究

目的建立花粉中10种微量元素的测定方法。方法采用微波消解法处理样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱化(ICP-AES)法测定铬、锌、铜、锰、砷、铁、铅、镉、硒和铝10种微量金属元素。结果 ICP-AES——微波消解法回收率为:93.2%～107.8%,相对标准偏差为1.58%～3.44%。结论 ICP-AES——微波消解法具有简便、快速、准确等特点,适用于花粉中10种微量金属的测定。     

血清中铜、锌、镍、镉、锰等微量元素对稽留流产影响的研究

目的探讨孕早期血清中汞、锰、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅水平对稽留流产的影响,为稽留流产病因研究提供线索。方法选取同年龄段、同孕周的稽留流产患者及正常早孕者21对,检测两组孕妇血清汞、锰、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅水平。采用1∶1配比Logistic回归分析模型分析稽留流产可能的影响因素。结果与正常早孕组相比,稽留流产组血清镍(t=3.57,P=0.002)、铜(t=7.94,P<0.001)、锌(t=3.60,P=0.002)、镉(t=4.74,P<0.001)、砷(t=2.82,P=0.011)、铅(t=3.46,P=0.002)水平较高,血清锰水平较低(t=-8.24,P<0.001);二元多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,高血镍(OR=7.83,95%CI:1.03~59.68,P=0.037)、高血镉(OR=3.51,95%CI:2.53~4.87,P=0.004)为稽留流产的危险因素,高血锰(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.41~0.97,P=0.030)为保护性因素。结论孕妇血清中镍、镉、锰水平对稽留流产的发生有一定的影响,其机理有待于进一步研究。     

Metabolic balances of cadmium, copper, manganese, and zinc in man.

Balance studies of cadmium, copper, manganese, and zine were carried out under constant dietary conditions in eight adult males during two calcium intake levels of 200 and 800 mg/day and in an additional single case during a calcium intake of 1500 mg/day. The dietary content and the excretions of these elements in urine and stool were determined. The mean dietary content of cadmium was 32.9 micrograms/day, of copper 1020 micrograms/day, of manganese 2130 micrograms/day, and of zinc 12.4 mg/day. The ratio of the fecal/urinary cadmium excretion was approximately 1.5 and the main pathway of excretion of the other three elements was via the intestine, while the urinary excretions were very low. The different trace element balances were either slightly negative or in equilibrium, except that the zinc balances was positive in 50% of the cases. All balances should be considered maximal values, as the losses in sweat were not determined. The calcium intake level had little effect on the excretion and retention of these trace elements.     

Variability in concentrations of selected trace elements in water and sediment of six acidic lakes

Concentrations of the trace elements aluminum, cadmium, lead, manganese, and zinc were determined in water and sediments of six acidic clear-water lakes (pH 3.6–6.2) in northwestern New Jersey. Levels of aluminum, lead, and zinc in the water column were sharply elevated in the most acidic lakes, with values similar to acidified systems elsewhere. Seasonal fluctuations occurred, with lead displaying peak concentrations in all lakes during the fall sampling period. Analyses of core samples of lake sediment indicated that while lead concentrations exhibited a typical sharp increase in most recent sediments, cadmium and zinc levels in the upper layers were substantially lower than values reported for similar systems elsewhere. As expected, manganese concentrations generally decreased in the upper sediment layers in the acidic lakes, while aluminum varied dramatically between systems.