抗重组人巨细胞病毒单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为了获得抗人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)单克隆抗体(McAb).采用重组HCMV(rhCMV)gp52蛋白片段免疫Balb/c小鼠,将免疫鼠脾细胞与Sp2/0细胞融合,经ELISA法筛选阳性克隆及测定效价,用免疫印迹法进行特异性鉴定.最终获得4株(3E9,5A6,4G12,2H2)能稳定分泌高效价抗rhCMV McAb的杂交瘤细胞.其培养上清的ELISA效价分别为12048,11024,11024,1512;腹水效价分别为1×10-7,1×10-7,1×10-6,2×10-6.它们分别识别gp52蛋白上的2个不同的抗原表位,2H2识别gp52蛋白上的一个表位,3e9,5A6和4G12识别另一个表位.该单抗可作为快速诊断CMV感染的特异性抗体.     

相思子毒素单克隆抗体的制备纯化及鉴定

目的制备相思子毒素单克隆抗体并鉴定其特性。方法以甲醛处理的相思子毒素毒蛋白为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠;取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与Sp2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,经间接ELISA法筛选、融合细胞有限稀释法克隆、克隆化杂交瘤细胞株的亚类鉴定等方法筛选出单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,用杂交瘤细胞株诱生小鼠腹水,应用蛋白A亲和层析法进行单抗的纯化,并对单克隆抗体的特异性进行鉴定。结果获得了4株可稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞2D3、4E6、1C8和1E5,诱生的腹水效价分别为1∶1×107、1∶1×106、1∶1×105、1∶1×106,亚类鉴定表明2D3为IgG1,其余3株均为IgG2b;特异性鉴定显示它们与多种毒素均无交叉反应,经过亲和层析,获得了纯化的单抗。结论获得了特异性的相思子毒素单克隆抗体,为建立相思子毒素的检测及纯化方法奠定了基础,其中4E6的效价最高,可作为检测相思子毒素的核心试剂。     

抗delta-like-1单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的 制备抗delta-like-1的单克隆抗体并鉴定其特异性.方法 用delta-like-1多肽-BSA蛋白复合物作为免疫原免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞(SP2/0)融合,经多次筛选及克隆化,建立可以稳定分泌抗delta-like-1单抗的杂交瘤细胞株.用ELISA、Western blot、细胞免疫组化对此抗体特性进行鉴定.结果 筛选到两株能稳定分泌抗delta-like-1单抗的细胞株3H11C11A9E3和2D5D11F8F1,亚类鉴定两株均为IgG1,轻链为kappa链;ELISA法测定两株细胞腹水抗体效价分别为1∶4.096×105和1∶1.024×105,抗体亲和常数分别为3.98×107、3.28 × 107L·mol-1;Western blot显示此单抗能特异性识别神经胶质瘤细胞株U251中的天然delta-like-1蛋白;细胞免疫组化进一步显示delta-like-1分布于细胞核中.结论 成功制备了抗delta-like-1单克隆抗体,可为研究delta-like-1与脑胶质瘤等神经系统疾病的关系奠定基础.     

SARS冠状病毒核衣壳蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的:SARS 冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)核衣壳蛋白 N(nucleocapsid protein)单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,McAb)的制备及鉴定。方法:用基因重组的 SARS-CoV N 蛋白免疫 BALB/c 小鼠制备 McAb,并采用间接 ELISA、免疫印迹法进行筛选和鉴定。结果:筛选出2株抗 SARS-CoV N 蛋白 McAb 杂交瘤细胞株,间接 ELISA 证实这组单克隆抗体仅与 SARS-CoV 产生特异性反应,而与其他病原体无交叉反应,IgG 亚类鉴定1株为 IgG1,另1株为 IgG2b。2株抗体亲和常数分别为4.14×10~(-9)和3.19×10~(-9)。结论:获得特异性针对 SARS-CoV 的单克隆抗体,为 SARS-CoV 早期诊断试剂的研制奠定了基础。     

接头蛋白c-Crk 单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的制备接头蛋白c-Crk单克隆抗体。方法以c-Crk为抗原,免疫Balb/c小鼠,用杂交瘤技术建立稳定分泌抗c-CrkmcAb的杂交瘤细胞,用ELISA,western-blot等鉴定其生物活性。结果获得两株能稳定分泌c-CrkmcAb的杂交瘤细胞（3C7、3G11）,亚类均为IgG1;腹水效价为1∶105;western-blot、免疫组织化学分析和ELISA检测证实两株mcAb均与c-Crk有较高的特异性。结论本实验成功制备了两株抗c-Crk特异性的mcAb,可用于c-Crk免疫检测方法的建立。     

抗HBsAg单链抗体特异性单克隆抗体的制备及应用

目的获得抗HBsAg单链抗体(HBScFv)的单克隆抗体,并初步研究其在抗HBsAg类小分子抗体及其融合蛋白质的纯化、活性鉴定方面的应用。方法利用杂交瘤技术,以大肠杆菌表达的重组抗HBScFv为抗原,免疫Balb/c小鼠,再将小鼠脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行细胞融合。通过ELISA法、Western-blot鉴定特异性单克隆抗体,通过免疫双扩散法鉴定单抗亚型,并将筛选到的高效价单抗用于抗HBsAg Fab抗体等重组蛋白质的亲和色谱及ELISA鉴定。结果建立了9株能够稳定分泌抗HBScFv特异性单克隆抗体的细胞株,其细胞上清效价为1∶160~1∶12 800,腹水效价为1∶50 000~1∶400 000;单克隆抗体的亚类分析结果显示有6株为IgG1,其余3株为IgG2a。初步应用结果表明制备的单克隆抗体14F7可用于抗HBsAg Fab抗体等重组蛋白质的亲和色谱及活性鉴定。结论成功建立了能够稳定分泌HBScFv特异性单克隆抗体的细胞株。     

抗哇巴因单克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定

目的制备抗哇巴因单克隆抗体。方法以半抗原哇巴因与蛋白质载体卵清蛋白(OVA)的耦联物为抗原,免疫BALB/C小鼠,取脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,获得两株分泌抗哇巴因的单克隆抗体的细胞株(OUA1,OUA2)。结果两株细胞染色体数目均为100条左右,证实为杂交瘤细胞;所分泌抗体为小鼠IgG1亚类;小鼠腹水效价测定分别为5×106,8×106;和地高辛交叉反应率分别为1.342%和2.323%;ELISA相加试验表明,两株单克隆抗体可能针对同一抗原决定簇。结论成功制备出小分子物质哇巴因的单克隆抗体。     

整合素阻断剂AP25单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的 制备整合素阻断剂AP25的单克隆抗体,鉴定其效价和特异性.方法 从抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠分离免疫脾细胞,通过杂交瘤技术将免疫脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合,筛选杂交瘤细胞株并进行扩大培养.采用小鼠体内诱生法制备腹水,进行纯化后得到抗AP25单克隆抗体,用ELISA和Western blot鉴定其效价和特异性.结果 ELISA检测抗AP25单克隆抗体效价可达1∶2×106,Western blot鉴定抗体特异性良好.结论 获得了能够高表达抗AP25单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株;腹水制备抗体,纯化后得到效价高、特异性良好的AP25单克隆抗体.     

人心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为了建立抗人心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(CTnI)单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株。以重组表达并纯化后的CTnI免疫BalB/C小鼠,采用传统单克隆抗体技术筛选能稳定分泌抗CTnI McAb的杂交瘤细胞株。结果:建立了3株稳定分泌抗CTnI McAb的杂交瘤细胞株2E3,3D4和3E6,腹水效价分别为4×10-5,1×10-6,1×10-5,亲和常数分别为4.8×108,5.2×109,3.6×108,最低检测浓度分别为20,40,20μg/L,其中2E3和3D4可以识别CTnI的不同表位。     

猪戊型肝炎病毒重组蛋白ORF2-V1单克隆抗体的制备及抗原表位差异分析

目的：开发猪戊型肝炎病毒单克隆抗体并探究其抗原识别位点对病毒的分型,疫苗开发研究和疾病的鉴别诊断具有重要意义。结果：本研究用纯化的SHEV大庆株（DQ）重组蛋白ORF2-V1免疫BALB／c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2／0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经3次克隆和间接ELISA筛选,获得了αC11、αC12、γH1、γF8、BC4和CH86株稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。通过间接ELISA测定单抗效价分别为：细胞培养上清1：1．60×10^3～1：3．20×10^3,腹水为1：1．28×10^6～1：2．56×10^6：经ELISA法测定,6株单克隆抗体均与重组蛋白ORF2-V1反应,而不与ORF2其它部分片段的蛋白反应;分别用制备的6株单克隆抗体和SHEV多克隆抗血清对感染SHEV的A549细胞培养物进行了间接免疫荧光（IFA）病原的检测,同时用猪的阳、阴性血清、SP2／0细胞培养上清做对照,结果表明均呈阳性反应,说明这6株单抗可以与天然病毒发生反应;与用多克隆抗体的阳性对照相比,McAb鉴定的SHEV感染细胞培养物间接免疫荧光染色结果特异性强,排除了高背景的非特异荧光影响,对结果的判定更为准确。而以多克隆抗体作为检测抗体,IFA有一定的非特异性荧光反应。单抗的亚类鉴定结果表明,所有McAbs均为IgG1型,且所有单抗的轻链均为K链。     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty in toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics

Two important methodological issues within the framework of the variability and uncertainty analysis of toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic systems are discussed: (i) modelling and simulation of the existing physiologic variability in a population; and (ii) modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty when there is insufficient or not well defined (e.g. small sample, semiquantitative, qualitative and vague) information available. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are especially suited for separating and characterising the physiologic variability from the overall variability and uncertainty in the system. Monte Carlo sampling should draw from multivariate distributions, which reflect all levels of existing dependencies in the intact organism. The population characteristics should be taken into account. A fuzzy simulation approach is proposed to model variability and uncertainty when there is semiquantitative, qualitative and vague information about the model parameters and their statistical distributions cannot be defined reliably.     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.     

Antiinfective and encrustation-inhibiting materials--myth and facts

Catheters, urethral and ureteral stents and other urological implants are frequently affected by encrustration and infection due to their permanent contact with urine. Indwelling urinary catheters provide a haven for microorganisms and thus require extensive monitoring. Several surface modification techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of devices including the immobilization of biomolecules, the incorporation of hydrophilic grafts to reduce protein adsorption, the creation of hydrophobic surfaces, the creation of microdomains to regulate cellular and protein adhesion, new polymers and antimicrobial coatings. Physico-chemical explanation to elucidate the mechanism of such encrustation or infection inhibiting materials is still not available. Our series of experiments showed a marked decrease of silver-activity in biological fluids which corresponds with the controversial clinical results obtained with silver coated urinary catheters. Rifampicin/minocycline coated catheters had very low activity against Gram-negative rods, enterococci and Candida spp., the main causing organisms of urinary catheter infection. Surface engineered materials and antimicrobial drug delivery systems will be the next generation of sophisticated urinary catheters and stents, if both efficacy as well as efficiency has been proved clinically.     

成骨细胞的功能与损伤和骨质疏松的防治

骨质疏松是一种全身性骨骼疾病,导致骨折风险增加。成人的骨量通过破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成作用来维持动态平衡,治疗骨质疏松症的理想策略是抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收和/或增强成骨细胞的骨形成功能。目前针对保护成骨细胞及增强其功能的骨质疏松疗法相对较少。因此,本文针对成骨细胞相关功能蛋白、各种细胞损伤机制（内质网应激、氧化应激、机械过载、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的影响等）及骨质疏松的治疗与预防作一综述,以期为针对增强成骨细胞功能的骨质疏松治疗策略提供新思路。     

Self-stimulation and amphetamine: Tolerance to d and l isomers and cross tolerance to cocaine and methylphenidate

The effects of the d and l isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation responding were tested following acute and chronic administration. Tolerance and post-drug depression of responding occurred in tests with both isomers, indicating no role for p-hydroxynorephedrine (PHN) which is one of the metabolites of d-amphetamine. In the second experiment, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine all produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects on self-stimulation responding following acute administration. Following chronic administration of d-amphetamine, animals showed tolerance to all three drugs, indicating cross-tolerance among them. These data are consistent with an hypothesis that tolerance and post-drug depression following chronic amphetamine treatment are the result of decreases in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, which would lead to a decreased effectiveness of all three drugs, regardless of their pre-synaptic mechanisms.     

益生菌与肿瘤防治

益生菌广泛存在于自然界中,通过维持宿主体内菌群平衡、影响肠屏障功能和调节免疫应答等作用,提高宿主健康水平,被公认为"肠道健康卫士".一些益生菌可以增强机体的免疫功能,抑制致癌物质,影响肿瘤细胞的基因表达,对肿瘤具有拮抗作用.大量研究表明,益生菌在未来的肿瘤防治中有很好的应用和发展前景.     

Interaction of estrone and estradiol with DNA and protein of liver and kidney in rat and hamster in vivo and in vitro

[6,7-³H] Estrone (E) and [6,7-³H]estradiol-17 (E₂) have been synthesized by reduction of 6-dehydroestrone and 6-dehydroestradiol with tritium gas. Tritiated E and E₂ were administered by oral gavage to female rats and to male and female hamsters on a dose level of about 300 g/kg (54 mCi/kg). After 8 h, the liver was excised from the rats; liver and kidneys were taken from the hamsters. DNA was purified either directly from an organ homogenate or via chromatin. The radioactivity in the DNA was expressed in the units of the Covalent Binding Index, CBI = (mol chemical bound per mol DNA-P)/(mmol chemical administered per kg b.w.). Rat liver DNA isolated via chromatin exhibited the very low values of 0.08 and 0.09 for E and E₂, respectively. The respective figures in hamster liver were 0.08 and 0.11 in females and 0.21 and 0.18 in the males. DNA isolated from the kidney revealed a detectable radioactivity only in the female, with values of 0.03 and 0.05 for E and E₂, respectively. The values for male hamster kidney were < 0.01 for both hormones. The minute radioactivity detectable in the DNA samples does not represent covalent binding to DNA, however, as indicated by two sets of control experiments. (A) Analysis by HPLC of the nucleosides prepared by enzyme digest of liver DNA isolated directly or via chromatin did not reveal any consistent peak which could have been attributed to a nucleoside-steroid adduct. (B) All DNA radioactivity could be due to protein contaminations, because the specific activity of chromatin protein was determined to be more than 3,000 times higher than of DNA. The high affinity of the hormone to protein was also demonstrated by in vitro incubations, where it could be shown that the specific activity of DNA and protein was essentially proportional to the concentration of radiolabelled hormone in the organ homogenate, regardless of whether the animal was treated or whether the hormone was added in vitro to the homogenate.Carcinogens acting by covalent DNA binding can be classified according to potency on the basis of the Covalent Binding Index. Values of 10³–10⁴ have been found for potent, 10² for moderate, and 1–10 for weak carcinogens. Since estrone is moderately carcinogenic for the kidney of the male hamster, a CBI of about 100 would be expected. The actually measured limit of detection of 0.01 places covalent DNA binding among the highly unlikely mechanisms of action. Similar considerations can be made for the liver where any true covalent DNA binding must be below a level of 0.01. It is concluded that an observable tumor induction by estrone or estradiol is unlikely to be due to DNA binding.Paper presented at the Satellite Symposium of the European Society of Toxicology, Rome, March 29, 1983     

Isolation and characterization of glycosylated and non-glycosylated prolactins from alligator and crocodile

Two molecular forms of prolactin (PRL). glycosylated and non-glycosylated, were isolated from pituitary glands of two reptiles, alligator and crocodile. The reptilian PRLs were extracted under alkaline conditions from the precipitate obtained after pituitaries were first extracted with 0.25 m sucrose, 1 mM NH₄HCO₃, pH 6.3. Purification was performed by ion exchange chromatography on DE-52, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 superfine, and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Two forms of both alligator and crocodile PRL, designated PRLI and PRLII, with molecular weights of 26000 and 24000 were isolated. Alligator and crocodile PRLI and PRLII were stained specifically in immunoblots with anti-sea turtle PRL and anti-ostrich PRL. Sequence analysis revealed that both forms of alligator and crocodile PRLs consisted of 199 amino acid residues with a glycosylation consensus sequence (Asn-Ala-Ser) at position 60 in alligator and crocodile PRLs with a molecular weight of 26000 (PRLI). In contrast, Thr was substituted for Asn at position 60 in the PRLs with a molecular weight of 24000 (PRLII). The sequences of alligator PRLs differed from crocodile PRLs only in position 134: Val for alligator PRLs and He for crocodile PRLs. There is a high degree of structural conservation between the reptilian PRLs isolated in this study and avian PRL; each showed 92% sequence identity with chicken PRL and 89% with turkey PRL.