提高中医药研究生科研能力的探讨

科学技术是第一生产力,教育是基础,人才是关键。中医药学要发展,要创新,关键是我们培养的中医药人员的科研素质,尤其是将成为我国跨世纪中医药人才研究生的科研能力的提高。而研究生科研能力的提高在很大程度上取决于学科水平,包括师资的素质、学科的学术水平、实验条件等。目前由于受中医传统教育思想的影响,中医药研究生的科研能力发展受到了一定限制。为了使培养出来的中医药研究生更多地成为未来中医药的学科带头人,能担负起继承和发展中医药的重任,笔者就目前中医药研究生科研能力的培养作如下探讨。     

影响学科带头人培养的多因素分析

<正> 医院科研水平高低的关键,在于医院各学科的学术带头人的水平高低和学术梯队的实力强弱。一学科的发展,需要有学术水平高、年富力强、勇于创     

欢迎订阅2012年《中国普通外科杂志》

《中国普通外科杂志》是国内外公开发行的国家级期刊(ISSN1005-6947/CN43-1213/R),面向广大从事临床、教学、科研的普外及相关领域工作者,以实用性为主,及时报道普通外科领域的新进展、新观点、新技术、新成果、实用性临床研究及临床经验,是国内普外学科的权威刊物之一。办刊宗旨是:传递学术信息,加强相互交流;提高学术水平,促进学科发展;注重临床研究,服务临床实践。     

中药制药学科建设的内涵与外延探讨

在强调学科建设与时俱进的必要性 ,进一步加强学科的内涵建设 ,努力提高本学科的学术水平并带动相关学科的发展 ,不断提高我校教学与科研的综合实力。      

论中医师资队伍基本的知识结构

中医药学科的发展水平直接关系到中医药的学术和教育水平,它是衡量学校总体实力和学术地位的标志。中医学术的振兴依靠中医药学科优势的发挥,而高等中医教育师资队伍的素质、水平乃是中医药学科建设的关键。那么,作为高等中医教育的教师除了具备优秀的思想政治素质外,还应具备什么样的知识结构呢?1　深厚的中医专业知识　　从事高等中医教育的教师必须具备一定深度和广度的中医专业知识。所谓深,是指对中医专业知识的掌握和研究有较高的水平,达到本专业领域研究的前沿。所谓广,是指对中医专业的发展现状和国内外动态有明晰的了解,要涉及到本…     

论法医学学科建设的重点与措施

随着我国法制建设的不断发展和健全，法医学工作的意义和重要性日益受到重视，历史经验和实践工作清楚地表明法医学的发展与我国法制建设关系非常密切。如何做好法医学学科建设工作，是不断提高学术水平，增强竞争力，促进法制继续发展的重要问题。本文结合多年来法医学学科建设的实践和体会，探讨提高法医学教学，科研，检案各方面工作水平与质量的重点。1科研工作是提高法医学水平的关键作为高校的教学单位，做好科研工作是必要的任务。由于各种高新技术层出不穷，学科交叉程度不断增加，知识量不断增长，如何选好科研的主攻方向是关键。…     

关于医学人文社会科学期刊功能与责任的反思

医学人文社科期刊功能有:反映学科成果,促进学科交流;其学术责任为:忠实记录学科发展历程,引领学科发展方向;其社会责任有:理论导向,警示纠偏,降热扶弱.实现医学人文社科期刊功能与责任的关键是编者应:胆识刊文、敏锐组文等.     

以学术研究引领学科与专科建设——中医妇科学学科与专科建设的思路与历程

回顾广州中医药大学中医妇科学学科与专科的发展历程,提出学术研究应成为学科建设的核心内容,提高学术水平是专科建设的重要内涵;学科建设、专科建设和课程建设只有协调发展才能保证各自的持续发展。     

新疆某三甲医院医疗高层人才偏好特征研究

科学、合理的人才队伍,是医院可持续发展的重要保障[1]。医院竞争是科技的竞争,关键是人才的竞争,拥有了优秀的医生,就能把握主动,赢得医院竞争的优势。医疗高层人才,培养难度大,成才周期长,他们是医院学科的领跑者,他们工作的积极性、主动性,直接影响着学科的水平和发展速度。     

我院针灸学科建设与研究生教育探讨

学科是大学的基本元素，门类齐全并具有较高学术水平的专业学科群是一所大学综合实力的主要标志。世界上凡一流大学首先是因为它有一流的专业学科，也只有一流的专业学科方能吸引一流的学者，一流的学者才能培养出一流的人才。因此，要实现把我院建设成为在国际国内具有一定学术地位和学术影响力的省内一流大学，完成《遵义医学院“十一·五”发展规划》的战略目标，首先就要加强学科建设。抓住了学科建设和研究生教育就把握住了院校教育工作的两个关键。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.