郫县某学校1起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情调查

[目的]调查甲型H1N1流感疫情,为今后的疫情处理提供依据。[方法]对2009年9月发生在驻郫县某学校的1起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情进行现场调查与采样检测。[结果]该校2009年9月6日～24日累计发现流感样病例102例,罹患率为2．12％。102例中,确诊为甲型H1N1流感的3例,甲型非H1N1流感3例,医学观察的轻症病例96例,无重症和死亡病例发生。[结论]这是1起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情,同时存在季节性流感疫情。     

2009年大连市甲型H1N1流感流行特征分析

[目的]了解大连市甲型H1N1流感流行特征,为制定下一步的防控工作措施提供科学依据。[方法]对大连市2009年哨点医院监测病例和疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的甲型H1N1流感病例进行描述性分析。[结果]2009年大连市报告甲型H1N1流感391例,其中重症及危重病例10例,死亡2例(病死率为0.51%)。6月18日出现首例输入性病例。9月13日报告首起学校聚集性病例,共发生聚集性病例39起,病情以轻症为主。哨点医院监测显示第38周的ILI%达到最高值为21.82%。[结论]大连市2009年甲型H1N1流感病例以轻症为主。加强流感样病例监测,及时发现流感新毒株,是下一步工作重点。     

2009年洛阳市甲型H1N1流感监测资料分析

[目的]了解洛阳市甲型H1N1流感流行特征,为制定下一步的防控工作措施提供科学依据。[方法]对洛阳市2009年甲型H1N1流感监测系统数据进行描述性分析。[结果]2009年累计报告甲型H1N1流感病例200例,报告发病率为3.11/10万,其中重症病例12例,死亡2例。病例分布在全市14个县,城区发病率、农村发病率分别为2.02/10万和3.77/10万。200例中,8月占36.18%、9月占24.62%;学生占90.50%。流感哨点监测显示2009年流感流行呈混合型,在356株流感阳性标本中,甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性165份(占46.35%),季节性H3流感44份(占12.36%),B型流感47份(占13.20%)。[结论]2009年洛阳市甲型H1N1流感病例以学生居多,农村高于城市,应强化各种监测系统的综合利用。     

2009年日照市东港区甲型H1N1流感疫情分析

[目的]了解甲型H1N1流感的流行特征,为更好地做好甲型H1N1流感的防控工作提供依据。[方法]对2009年日照市东港区甲型H1N1流感疫情资料进行分析。[结果]2009年东港区合计报告甲型H1N1流感实验室确诊病例102例,报告发病率为11.02/10万,其中重症病例3例,危重病例3例,死亡2例。病例分布在全区12个镇(街道)中的10个,城区、农村发病率分别为16.81/10万、1.78/10万。102例中,发病时间在7月的2例,10月25例,11月37例,12月38例;男性54例,女性48例;年龄2~75岁,其中14~25岁61例;学生52例,农民12例,其他38例。全部病人甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸均阳性。10月中旬在某初级中学校发生1起暴发疫情,暴发点人群罹患率为6.06%。[结论]2009年东港区甲型H1N1流感疫情较为严重。     

西湖区某学校1起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情调查

[目的]分析1起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发的特点和原因,为制定甲型H1N1流感预防控制措施提供依据。[方法]2009年9月18日,到现场进行流行病学调查。[结果]本起疫情历时7d,全校发生流感样病例15例,罹患率为1.35%;无重症和死亡病例;确诊甲型H1N1流感2例。首例确诊病例所在的初二(1)班(共35名学生)发病11例,罹患率为31.43%;男生罹患率为1.47%,女生罹患率为1.19%(P0.05)。采集7份患者咽拭子,2份甲型H1N1流感核酸阳性。[结论]这是一起由甲型H1N1流感病毒引起的学校局部流感暴发疫情,暴发原因主要为疫情报告迟缓,晨检制度不落实,隔离措施不彻底。     

2009年福建省甲型H1N1流感从输入到本地传播流行病学分析

[目的]了解甲型H1N1流感（H1N1流感）在福建省的流行病学特征,为防控提供依据。[方法]从中国疾病预防控制系统和省卫生厅网站收集各地H1N1流感病例信息,用Excel建立个案信息库,用SPSS软件统计分析。[结果]2009年5月23日至10月31日,全省共发现H1N1流感1 002例,其中2例重症,无死亡。8月底以后,我省不断出现本地感染的聚集性疫情,且流感监测哨点医院发现病例趋多。我省H1N1流感从输入到本地传播,历时3个月。[结论]福建省为防控H1N1流感所采取的措施效果明显,并无短时间内引起本地广泛传播,为技术储备、药物储备和疫苗生产赢得了宝贵的时间。     

2009年开封市甲型H1N1流感流行特征分析

[目的]了解2009年开封市甲型H1N1流感流行特征,为制定预防控制策略和措施提供科学依据。[方法]对2009年通过＂疾病监测信息报告管理系统＂报告的开封市甲型H1N1流感病例进行分析。[结果]2009年报告甲型H1N1流感180例,其中重症及危重病例5例,死亡1例（病死率为0.56%）。9月14日出现首例本地感染病例,当月发病26例,10月发病70例,11月发病77例,12月发病6例;城区发病率为15.98/10万,其他各县发病率为1.27/10万。180例病人中,男性108例,女性72例;10岁以下10例,10-20岁134例,20~30岁23例,30岁以上13例;学生153例,其他27例。检测流感样病人咽拭子703份,甲型H1N1流感核酸阳性169例。发生19起暴发疫情,17起在学校,暴发点平均罹患率为13.57%。[结论]开封市2009年甲型H1N1流感疫情处于一般水平,今后要加强疫情监测,及时发现,尽早控制疫情。     

海南省2009年甲型H1N1流感确诊病例流行特征分析

[目的]了解海南省2009年甲型H1N1流感确诊病例的流行病学特征。[方法]采用描述性流行病学方法对海南省2009年确诊的861例甲型H1N1流感病例的年龄、性别、职业、报告时间、地区分布、临床表现等流行病学特征及可能的影响因素进行分析。[结果]海南省2009年9月份甲型H1N1流感病例迅速攀升,10月底~11月份初达到新的高峰,报告的861例确诊病例中男性占58.54,年龄中位数为15岁;学生占82.58;病例主要集中在海口市(475例,占55.17),其次为三亚市(138例,占16.03)、文昌市(78例,占9.06);重症9例,占1.05;有个案资料的171例病例的临床表现以发热(91.81)、咳嗽(80.70)、咽痛(57.89)、头痛(30.99)等症状为主。[结论]海南省2009年甲型H1N1流感疫情主要经历了2个高峰,学生是主要的感染人群,病例以轻症为主,重症病例发生率低于全国总体水平。     

1起甲型H1N1流感暴发的调查

[目的]总结甲型H1N1流感暴发的经验、教训,为今后处理类似突发事件提供参考。[方法]采用现况调查的方法,对2009年10月发生在青岛某大学费县校区学生中的甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情进行调查。[结果]此次甲型H1N1流感暴发共发病16例,罹患率为0.28%。病例分布在2个年级、9个班,发病年龄为18-21岁,男生11例,女生5例,男女之比为2.20∶1。患者临床表现为发热、头痛、头晕、咳嗽、腰腿酸痛等症状。无明确与甲型H1N1流感病例和流感样病例接触史。[结论]这是1起发生在学校由甲型H1N1流感病毒感染引起的暴发疫情,控制措施及时有效。     

南昌市2009年甲型H1N1流感疫情流行病学分析

[目的]分析2009年南昌市甲型H1N1流感流行病学特征,为控制甲型H1N1流感提供科学依据。[方法]收集整理南昌市2009年全市各级各类医疗机构报告的甲型H1N1流感报告卡信息及RT-PCR实验室检测结果,应用描述性方法进行流行病学分析。[结果]甲型H1N1流感为2009年新增报告病种,共报病例838例,报告发病率17.85/10万,报告重症病例48例,其中死亡6例,死亡率0.13/10万,病死率0.72%。甲型H1N1病例中男性509例,女性329例,男女性别比为1.54︰1。全市9个县区均有甲型H1N1流感报告。自6月开始出现病例,以11月报告病例数较多,占全年病例的57.3%。病例以学生发病为主,占全部病例的77.6%。共检测101份样本,阳性率为38.6%。[结论]甲型H1N1流感的发生有明显的年龄、性别、季节和地区差异。要重点加强各类学校、学生甲型H1N1流感防控工作,以防止聚集性疫情的发生。     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, classical swine H1N1 and avian-like swine H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China

The pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses emerged in both Mexico and the United States in March 2009, and were transmitted efficiently in the human population. They were transmitted occasionally from humans to other mammals including pigs, dogs and cats. In this study, we report the isolation and genetic analysis of novel viruses in pigs in China. These viruses were related phylogenetically to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and pigs, which indicates that the pandemic virus is currently circulating in swine populations, and this hypothesis was further supported by serological surveillance of pig sera collected within the same period. Furthermore, we isolated another two H1N1 viruses belonging to the lineages of classical swine H1N1 virus and avian-like swine H1N1 virus, respectively. Multiple genetic lineages of H1N1 viruses are co-circulating in the swine population, which highlights the importance of intensive surveillance for swine influenza in China.